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Medical Exams
Healthcare, Nursing, and Medical Officer entrance exams.
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Surgeon ||| Casuality Medical Officer
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for Assistant Surgeon/Casualty Medical Officer in the Health Services Department. This post is open to MBBS graduates.
105m
22s
#kerala-psc#medical#doctor#health-services#mbbs
Syllabus Explorer
HUMAN ANATOMY
Sec 1
Abdomen, Pelvis and PerineumBrain and Spinal CordGeneral AnatomyGeneral EmbryologyGeneticsHead and NeckLower LimbThoraxUpper Limb
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 2
Abnormal presentations and management: Occipito posterior position, Breech presentation, transverse lie, brow/face presentationCaesarean section (indications, complications)CPD, obstructed labourHypertonic contractions, hypotonic contractions and incoordinate uterine actionVaginal delivery after caesareanElderly primi, grand multipara, Rh negative, Gynaecological disorders complicating pregnancyIntrauterine deathIUGRMultiple pregnanciesPost datismPreterm laborPROM (Premature rupture of membranes)Abnormal puerperium: cause clinical presentation investigations and managementAbortions: Types, aetiopathology, investigations and managementAcceleration of labor and drugs used in laborAntenatal care: objectives of antenatal care routine antenatal check up, Assessment of period of gestation, obstetric examination, general examination, other system examination Clinical monitoring of maternal and fetal well being, detect abnormalityBreast feedingCommon problems in Pregnancy - Oedema, Pruritis, heart burn, piles, varicose veins, clothing and foot ware, exercise, sex, hygiene, nutrition, rest, drug in pregnancyContraception: various methods and devices, selection of patients, counselling of the Couples, follow up, side effects, complications, and failure ratesDelivery: stages of labour, management of first of labourDrugs: Immunisation, drug prescription relevant blood examination, urine examination and interpretation of the results and physiological changes in pregnancyDummy pelvis, Mannequins resuscitation of newbornEctopic pregnancy: aetiopatholgy, early diagnosis, late diagnosis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and principles of management (conservative, medical and surgical)Fetal surveillanceFetomaternal medicine: Screening for congenital abnormalities, blood tests (maternal and fetal) Amniotic fluid analysis, fetal tissue biopsyFetal distress: definition, diagnosis and management neonatal resuscitation, care of newborn, examination of newborn and identifying congenital abnormalities, jaundice in newbornAbnormal hysterectomyAbnormal menstruation – definition, classification, clinical features and principles of investigations, diagnosis and managementNormal menstrual cycle – physiology of menstruationAbnormal vaginal discharge: causes, clinical examination, diagnosis, investigation and management. Counselling regarding prevention of STD’sAcute abdomenAdolescent medicine (Gynaecology)Amenorrhoea: Definition, classification, causes, investigations and managementAnalgesiaColposcopy: Principles instrument, procedureCorrection of enterocele, diagnosis and operation for vault prolapseDysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding: Definition, causes, investigations and managementEndocrinologyEndometriosis: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management, contraceptionEndoscopy in gynaecological practiceGenital infections: STDs, PID, HIV infection and AIDS, genital TB – aetiopathology, diagnosis and principles of managementGenital injuries including fistulae: Causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and principles of management and preventionHormonal therapy: when to give, when not to give, type of hormones with dosage, duration of hormonal therapy, complications and contraindications for hormonal therapyHysteroscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, steps in present gynaecological practices and complications.Infertility: Types, definition, causes, counselling, examination of couple and essential investigations, ART: various methods of assisted reproductive techniques, setting up of ART labLaproscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, complication, scope of laproscopy in gynaecological practicesMedical termination of pregnancy, evacuation of incomplete Abortion tubal ligation, IUCD insertionNeoplasms of genital tract – Benign and malignant, aetiopathology, clinical feature, diagnosis, principles of management and cancer screening and preventive aspectsOperative gynaecology: Indications, complications of D&C, cervical biopsyOvarian tumoursManagement of fever, skin wound complications, complications like burst abdomen, intraperitoneal bleeding and intra peritoneal collections, instruments, specimens etc.Routine management of postoperative patient like IV fluids, drugs, antibiotics, ambulation, nutritionRadical procedure for malignancyUrological problemsVaginal hysterectomy, sling proceduresHyperemesis gravidarum: definition, aetiopathology, clinical features advice and drug therapyInduction of labor (various methods of induction – merits and demerits)Labour monitoring partogram, Labour analgesiaManagement of second stage of labour (vaginal delivery with episiotomy)Active management of third stage of laborOther complications of third stage of labor and managementPrevention of PPH, Management of PPHMechanism of labourAnaemia in pregnancyDiabetes in pregnancyHeart disease complicating pregnancyHypertensive disorders of pregnancyJaundice in pregnancy Haemorrhage and coagulation disorders in obstetrics and immunology in pregnancyThyroid disorders, immunological disorders like SLE, ACLA, and thrombophilia complicating pregnancyUTI, hepatitis, TB, chest disease complicating pregnancyVeneral disease, infections, HIV complicating pregnancyMTP Act, Legal and ethical aspects, methods, complications and managementNormal LabourAssisted breech delivery, breech extractionCaesarean sectionCervical encirclage extra amniotic instillation and manual removal of placentaExternal cephalic version, internal podalic versionIndication and steps of the procedure of episiotomyInstrumental evacuationVacuum extraction, forceps deliveryPhysiology of onset of labor, fetal skull and pelvisPregnancy - Diagnosis, Clinical features, differential diagnosis, relevant tests and the principles underlying the testsRecurrent pregnancy loss: causes, investigations and managementTrophoblastic diseases: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, long term follow up and complicationsUltrasound examinationUltrasound MRI in obstetrics: diagnostic and interventional
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 3
Acute conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Allergic conjunctivitis, Pingencula, pterygium, Xerosis/ bitot spots, Dry eye, Angular conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, subconj hemorrhager, D/D of conjunctival and limbal noduleAngle closure glaucoma, open angle glaucoma, steroid induced glaucoma, lens induced glaucoma including surgery and managementAwareness of amblyopia, types of squint, paralytic, non-paralyticCataract and management, cong. Conditions, surgery and complications, lens abnormality, secondary glaucomas, congenital glaucomaCauses of blindnessCauses of sudden / partial / painless dimension of visionCentral retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma, Pappilledema, optic neuritis, optic atrophyChemical injuries, open globe injuries, closed globe injuries and first aid treatment including sympathetic injuries.Chronic conjunctivitis, Dry eye, membraneous conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitisChronic side effects of systemic medication, local anaesthetics, viscoelastics, steroid and NSAIDSCommon causes of proptosis, orbital cellulites, cavernous sinus thrombosisCorneal Inflammations: Corneal ulcers-bacterial, fungal, viral, Mooren’s ulcer, Vitamin A deficiency and keratomalacia, exposure keratitis, neuroparlytic keratitis, corneal blindness, eye banking, eye donation, keratoplasty, arcus senilis, corneal oedema, deep / interstitial keratitis, degenerations and dystrophies, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Dacryocystitis – congenital, acute, chronic, epiphoraDefinition and types of blindness.Ectropion entropion, trichiasis, ptosis, Iagophthalmos, symblepharon, blepharitis, Chalazion, refractive error, myopia, hypermetropia, Astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia / pseduophakia, Anisometropia, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Enucleation – Indication, techniqueEye and systemic diseases including AIDSEye campsFundus changes in diabetes, hypertension, anaemias, pregnancy induced hypertension, haematological disorders, myopiaIridocylitis, Panophthalmitis, EndophthalmitisLasers in OphthalmologyNPCB, Vision 2020Ocular malignancy – retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma of choroidPharmacologyPhotocoagulationPromotion of eye donationRetinal vascular diseasesScleritis, episcleritisSiderosis bulbi, Chalcosis, medico legal aspects.Symptomatic disturbances of vision, overview of recent advances in ophthalmologySynchisis syntillans, Asteroid hyalosis.Systemic associations of uveitis, Choroiditis, Coloboma iris, ocular albinism, vitreous hemorrhage – causes
PSYCHIATRY
Sec 4
Aetiological factors in psychiatric disordersBipolar disordersClassification of psychiatric disordersClinical interview and mental state examinationDepressive disordersLegal aspects of psychiatryMajor manifestation of psychiatric illnessNeurotic, stress related and somatoform disordersOrganic brain syndromeSchizophreniaSleep disordersSubstance abuseTreatments used in psychiatric illness
FAMILY WELFARE
Sec 5
In female – Barrier contraception, female condom, IUCD, tubectomy etc.In male – Condom, vasectomy (NSV) etcCommunity Medicine: The need for Family Welfare Planning, organization of Family Planning service, Health Education in relating to Family Planning, Nutrition, Physiological need of the mother, the child and the family Demography and the vital statisticsPediatrics: Problems of child health in relation to large family: organization of pediatric services, nutritional problems of mother and child, childhood diseases due to over crowding.Contraindications for administration of contraceptives. Side effects of contraceptivesMode of action and administration of chemical contraceptives and oral contraceptivePhysiology, endocrine and regulation of reproduction in the female. The safe period-rhythm method of contraception, principle of use of oral contraceptives.
SURGERY AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 6
Arteries - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, trauma, acute ischaemia, chronic ischaemia, Arterial aneurysms and A. V. fistula, amputationsATLS, poly trauma, disaster managementBiliary system – congential disorders, gall stone, cholecystitis, CholangocarcinomaChest – diaphragm, mediastinum, chest injuries: Thoracic outlet compression syndrome, heart and pericardium, pleura and lungs.Critically injured patient including TriageDifferent types of wounds and their managementFluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional supportGastrointestinal tract – oesophagus, anatomy and physiology, congential anomalies, dysphagia, achalasia and other motility disorders, oesophageal perforation, gastrooesophageal reflux diseases, tumours.Genitourinary system – congenital conditions, trauma, infections, stones, hydronephrosis, tumours of kidney, tumours of bladder, retention of urinary bladder, haematuria, torsion, undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, carcinoma penis, phimosis, prostate testicular tumours, benign prostatic hypertrophy, carcinoma prostate, adrenal gland surgery pheochromacytoma and conn syndrome.Head and neck - Head injuries, facio maxillary injuries, salivary glands, mouth and face, cleft lip, cleft palate, oral cancers and premalignant conditions, jaw tumours, ranula, misc-Branchial cysts, arid fistula, carotid body tumours.Immunology and organ transplantation, HIV and surgeon, Hepatitis BInflammations – Lymphangitis, lymphadentis, malignant neoplasms – lymphomasLiver – Applied anatomy and physiology, trauma, liver abscess, cysts of the liver, portal hypertension, tumours, principles and management of obstructive jaundice.Lymphatics and lymph nodes - Applied Anatomy and physiology, lymph oedema – primary, secondary, lymph cyst – cystic hygromaMetabolic response to traumaMiscellaneous – Abdominal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, peritoneum and retroperitoneum, hernia and abdominal wall, mesentery, surgical audit and day care surgeryNormal structure – Ulcers, sinus and fistula, cysts and benign tumoursPancreas – Anatomy, development and physiology, congenital anomalies, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis including calcific pancreatitis, tumours, surgical jaundicePre-malignant conditions, malignant tumours, skin coverPre-operative and post-operative care – emphasis on intensive care and high dependency sterilizationPrinciples of imaging techniquesPrinciples of Surgery, genetics, history of surgery, surgical ethicsRectum and anal canal – ano-rectal anomalies, prolapse, haemorrhoids, ano-rectal sepsis, fissure, fistula, tumourShock: Types, pathogenesis and management, Haemorrhage, Haemostasis, Blood transfusion, BurnsSkin and soft tissuesSmall and large intestine – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease including typhoid, tuberculosis, tumours, intestinal obstruction.Spleen – Anatomy and physiology, trauma – splenic conservation, indication for splenectomyStomach and Duodenum – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital, peptic ulcer disease (APD), Upper GI haemorrhage, tumours, pyloric stenosisSurgical sepsis – specific infection, Nosocomial infection, antibiotic policySuture materials and anastomosisThyroid and parathyroid thyroglossal cyst and fistula Breast - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, fibrocystic diseases, inflammation, tumoursTraumaVeins - Applied anatomy and physiology, varicose veins and venous ulcers, DVT and superficial thrombophlebitisVermiform appendix – Anatomy, appendicitis, neoplasmWound healing and complications
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIO-PHYSICS
Sec 7
AuditionCardiovascular SystemEndocrinologyGastrointestinal SystemHematologyNerve - muscle physiologyNervous SystemPhysiology of ReproductionRenal SystemRespiratory SystemSkin and Temperature regulationSpecial Senses
PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 8
Autacoids and related drugsAutonomic nervous systemCardiovascular systemCentral nervous systemChemotherapyDrugs acting on Endocrine systemDrugs affecting blood and blood formationGeneral pharmacology and basic concepts of clinical pharmacologyGITInfective/Parasitic conditionsMedical emergenciesMiscellaneousNational health programmesRespiratory systemToxicology
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Sec 9
Basic epidemiologyBio-statisticsCharacteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multifactorial etiology of disease.Definition of health, holistic concepts of health including the concept of spiritual health, appreciation of health as a relative concept, dimensions and determinants of healthDefinition, concepts and evolution (history) of public healthHealth profile of IndiaIntroduction to various health indicatorsUnderstanding the concept of prevention and control of diseaseUnderstanding the natural history of disease and application of interventions at various levels of preventionsDemography and vital statisticsDevelopment and health interfaceDisabilityDisaster managementAwareness of standards of housing and its effect of housing on health.Concepts of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal.Concepts of water conservation, rainwater harvesting and global warming.Health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation pollution.Identifying the features of vectors and their control measures.Life cycles of vectors and advantages and limitations of various vector control measures.Mode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides.Physical, Chemical and bacteriological standards of drinking water quality and tests of assessing bacteriological quality of waterRadiation prevention and controlBasel conventionKyoto ProtocolStockholm conventionRole of vectors in the causation of diseases.Urban waste management.Water: concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of waterborne diseases, water purification process, water quality standards.Epidemiology of specific diseases: Communicable and noncommunicableHealth care of elderlyHealth care system in IndiaHealth care waste managementHealth planning, management and administrationHealth promotion and education / communication for behavioural change (Information, education, communication)International healthLegislation and public healthMental health and behavioural problemsNutritionOccupational healthReproductive and child healthSchool healthAssessment of barriers to good health and health seeking behaviourAssessment of socio-economic status, effect of health and illness on socio-economic statusAttitude, Behaviour, habitsConcept of sociology and behavioural science, Clinico-socio-cultural and demographic evaluation of the individual, family and communityConflicts – internal, interpersonal and conflict resolutions, defense mechanismsDevelopment and health interface – poverty and health, poverty alleviation programme, health of the marginalized, sustainable and inclusive developmentDoctor-patient relationshipEmotions, frustrations, role of emotions in health and coping with emotionsEthicsGender and health including gender based violence, epidemiology of violence and its prevention and control life skill educationImpact of urbanization on health and diseaseIntelligence – IQ and EQLearning – Types and skillsPersonality – Types, Interpersonal relationshipsPoverty link to health and disease and poverty alleviation programmesRole of family in health and diseaseSocial psychology, community behaviour and community relationship, hospital sociology and psychologySocial security – health insurance: Organized sector, unorganized sector, special groups (Eg: elderly)Socio-cultural factors related to health and disease in the context of urban and rural societiesStress and coping skills – integrated (Psychiatry)Urban health
PAEDIATRIC
Sec 10
Behavioural problems in children - Enuresis, thumb sucking, breath holding, dyslexia, specific learning disorders, child rearing problems like infantile colic, growing pain etcCNS - Cerebral palsy, mental retardation, meningitis and encephalitis, seizure disorders and febrile seizures, microcephaly and hydrocephalus, floppy infant, therapeutics Treatment of epilepsy, GBS, ADEMCommon chromosomal disorders and genetic counselling - Down’s syndrome, Turner syndrome.Common poisoning and accidents in children - Kerosene, Dhatura, paracetamol and iron, snake bite, burns etc.Connective tissue disorders - JRA, other vasculitis syndromes including SLE and HSP, Kawasaki diseaseCVS - Congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever and RHD, CCF, hypertension, infective endocarditis.Disorders of kidney - acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, urinary tract infectionEndocrine disorder - diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, short stature and intersex, ambigous genitalia, precocious pubertyFragile X and Genetic counselling,Diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis and hepatic failure, cirrhosis liver and portal hypertension. Helminthic infestations.Haemopoietic system - anaemia in children, bleeding disordersPoliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, childhood tuberculosis, typhoid fever, HIV infection, dengue and chikungunya, viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria. Pertussis, mumps, rubella, influenza, H1N1, seasonal epidemicsInnocent problems causing undue parental anxiety breath holding spell, evening colic, growing pain etc.Malignancies in children - leukemia, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, solid tumours, CNS tumours, new born respiratory distress in newborn, perinatal diagnosis and treatment, sepsis in newborn, assessment and management of asphyxia, thermoregulation in newborn congenital malformations, disorders of gestation and low birth weight, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, BFHI and feeding, normal variations intrauterine infections, neonatal seizuresNational programmes - IMNCI, RCH3, NRHM, Vitamin A, Iodine deficiency, IDSP, ARI, ADD, AFP & PPINutrition - BFHI, IYCF Nutritional assessment, SAM, specific vitamin deficiency disordersRespiratory system - Childhood asthma, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonias in children suppurative lung disease, smoking and environmental pollution, Croup syndromes
BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 11
Biochemistry of CancerCarbohydratesClinical ChemistryHaemoglobinLipidsMaintenance of HomeostasisMetabolism of Amino acidsMetabolism of LipidsMineral MetabolismNucleic Acids and Molecular BiologyPlasma Proteins and ImmunoglobulinsProteinsVitamins
RADIOLOGY
Sec 12
Biological changesEmergency radiologyGastrointestinal systemGenitourinary systemHepatobiliary systemNeuroimaging modalitiesProduction of X-raysSkeletal radiology chest and Mediastinum
DERMATOLOGY
Sec 13
Bullous skin lesion collagen disorderEczematous dermatitisGastrogenic disordersInfections of skinLeprosy and national leprosy control programmesLesions of skin appendagesMaculopapular,Neoplastic lesionsPigmentary disturbancesSquamous lesion
RADIOTHERAPY
Sec 14
Cancer epidemiology and possible etiological factors, screening for cancerCommon malignancies, diagnosis and treatmentHormone treatment in cancerMethods of radiotherapy and recent advancesPrinciples of cancer chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancerPrinciples of radiation oncology, radioactive sources – Teletherapy, Brachial therapy and nuclear medicine
ANAESTHESIOLOGY
Sec 15
Cardio-pulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, basic cardiac life support (BCLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)Complication in anaesthesia and post-operative periodEquipments in anaesthesia and methods of oxygen therapyGeneral anaesthesia – Basal anaesthesia triads of anaesthesia Inhalational agentsIntravenous anaesthetic agentsIntravenous fluid therapy, intraoperative monitoringIntroduction – scope of AnaesthesiologyMethods of pain reliefPre-anaesthetic check-up premedicationRegional analgesia – subarachnoid and epidural analgesia, other techniques of regional analgesia and agents used.
PATHOLOGY
Sec 16
Cardiovascular pathologyCell injuryCirculatory disturbancesDermato-pathologyEndocrine PathologyGrowth disturbancesHaematopathologyInfectious diseasesLiver and Biliary tract pathologyLymphoreticular system.Miscellaneous disordersNeuropathologyOsteopathologyPathology of gastrointestinal tractRenal and urinary tract pathologyReproductive system.Respiratory pathology
MEDICINE AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 17
AnatomyApproach to a case of vertigoCerebellar disordersCNS tuberculosisDementias, DeliriumDemyelinationEndocrine disease related to gonadsExtrapyramidal disordersFunctionalHemorrhagic strokeMigraine and cluster headacheMotor neuron disease and myastheniaPeripheral NeuropathyPhysiology and InvestigationPituitary dysfunction and tumourSeizures and epilepsy IschemicSpinal cord disordersStrokeCommon adverse reactionsCommon drug interactionsGeneral principles of drug therapyMonitoring drug therapyRational prescription writingAcute LVF + Acute severe asthmaApproach to comaBioterrorism and disaster managementCardiopulmonary resuscitation statusDICEmergency management of acute coronary syndromeEpilepticsManagement of hepatic encephalopathySevere sepsis and shockCardiac failureCardiomyopathiesCongenital heart disordersCoronary artery diseasesCoronary circulationCorpulomonaleDVT + pulmonary embolismECG and X-ray interpretationHypertension and hypertensive heart diseaseInfective endocarditisPericardial diseasePeripheral vascular diseasesRheumatic fever and RHDRhythm disturbancesDisturbance of body temperatureAddison’s diseaseCushings disease + syndromeDiabetes MellitusHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMetabolic bone disease + Osteoporosis + Vitamin deficiencyParathyroid disorders + TetanyThyroiditis and other thyroid disordersAlcohol abuseBites and stings, snake bite, scorpion sting + othersCommon poisonings organophosphate and carbamate sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, TCA, Rat poison + paracetamol, formic acid, methyl alcohol, OdollumHanging, drowning, electrical injuriesRadiation hazardsAcidosisAlkalosisHypokalemia + HyperkalemiaHyponatremia + HypernatremiaHypovolemia and dehydrationClinical GeneticsDrug therapy in elderlyNormal ageing and age-related common problemsAbdominal tuberculosisAcid peptic diseasesApproach to patient with AscitesApproach to patient with JaundiceChronic liver diseaseDisease of colon and rectumDrug / toxin induced hepatitis and NASHHaemochromatosis and Wilson’s diseaseIBSInflammatory bowel diseaseMalabsorption syndrome and tropical spruePhysiology of absorption and investigation proceduresUpper GI bleedAcute LeukemiasAplastic anaemia + AgranulocytosisBleeding disordersChronic LeukemiasCoagulation disordersDeficiency anaemiaHaemolytic anaemias FeHUS and TTPLymphomaMacrocyte and Megaloblastic anaemiaPlasma cell disordersPolycythemiaAnaphylaxis, Urticaria, AngioedemasImmune reactionImmunoglobulinRole of B and T LymphocytesAcute viral hepatitis chronicAmoebiasisApproach to fever and PUOBrucellosisChickenpox,ChickungunyaCommon exanthematous feversCommon fungal infectionsCommon gram negative infectionsCommon gram positive infectionsDengue fever,FilariasisGastroenteritis, Cholera, food poisoningHelminthic infections, Bacillary dysenteryHerpes zosterHIV AIDSInfluenza and other respiratory viral infectionsLeptospirosisLRTI – Bronchitis and community acquired pneumoniaMeningitisRabiesRicketsiaSepsisSkin and soft tissue infections including cellulitisTetanusTuberculosisTyphoid,URI including sinusitisUTIViral hepatitis malariaMedical disorders in pregnancyHypo and Hypervitaminosis A & DNutrition requirementsObesityProtein calorie malnutrition in adultsVitamin deficienciesVitamin excessAssessment and treatment of chronic painPrimary Immune deficiency disordersAcute renal failureChronic renal failureGlomerular diseaseNephrotic syndrome RFTBronchial asthmaBronchogenic carcinomaCOPDILDPleural diseasesRespiratory failureSuppurative lung diseaseApproach to chronic backacheDegenerative joint disordersInflammatory muscle diseaseRheumatoid arthritisSLESpondyloarthopathies
ORTHOPAEDICS
Sec 18
Bone, tumour, osteochondroma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst and enchondroma, giant cell tumour, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone diseases and osteogenesis imperfectaCDHCTEV and flat footIntervertebral disc prolapseNerve injuries – Radial nerve, ulnar nerve, sciatic nerve, amputations and osteoarthrosis hip, knee, cerebral palsyostemyelitis septic arthritis tuberculosis – spine, hip, knee, elbow, wrist and other sitesPerthe’s disease and slipped upper femoral epiphysisRheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitisRickets and osteomalaciaScoliosis and spondylothesisTorticollis, congential pseudoarthrosis of tibia and arthrgryphosis multiplex congenitaAnkle injuries – Pott’s fractureColle’s fracture and fracture scaphoidComplications of fracture – open fractures and pathological fractureDefinition of a fracture and types of fracture and general principles of management of fractureElbow dislocation and forearm fractureExtensor mechanism injuries of kneeFracture clavicle, fracture neck of humerus and shoulder dislocationFracture humems (Shaft) and supracondylar fractureFracture of tarsal bonesFracture pelvis and hip fracture – fracture of femurFracture spine and traumatic paraplegiaHand injuriesHip dislocation and fracture shaft of femurIntercondylar fracture and Olecranon fractureLeg fractureMeniscus tear and fracture patellaMonteggia fracture and Galeazzi’s fracture
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Sec 19
Disability evaluation – principles people with disabilities Act – 1995Introduction to physical medicine and rehabilitation disability process and progression of disabilities concept of Impairment / disability and hard capPain management principlesPrinciples of occupational therapy its application in the rehabilitation of various disabilitiesPrinciples of physical therapy – various modalities and therapeutic exercisesPrinciples of prosthetics and rehabilitation aids their application in the rehabilitation of disabilitiesPrinciples of rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo get exposed to the potentials of socia-vocation rehabilitation of the various describing conditions in the light of the 1995 Act people with disabilities (equal opportunities etc) Act 1995To get oriented to basic principles of community based rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo understand the basic principles of disability conclusion and for certification purposes
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Sec 20
Disease of inner ear: Vertigo – classification, causes, investigations and management (special mention of Meniere’s disease, positional vertigo and acoustic neuroma)Introduction to diseases of ear Topics: Diseases of external ear (with special mention on wax, otomycosis, foreign body, keratosis and malignant otitis externa. Diseases of middle ear: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media – TTD, AAD, complications of middle ear infections. Deafness – classification, causes, investigations, early detection of deafness in children and rehabilitation (special mention to audiometry, otosclerosis, learning and speech rehabilitation.Acute sinusitis (in detail), chronic sinusitis (in detail)Complications of infections of nose and paranasal sinusesFacio-maxillary injuries (in detail), epistaxis, DNS and nasal polyp (special emphasis on FESS)Rhinitis – etiology, classification and management (special mention of allergic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis and allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis.)Tumours of nose and PNS (special mention of inverted papilloma, naso-pharyngeal angiofibroma and malignancy)Dysphagia – causes, investigations and management (special mention of malignancy)Foreign bodies of aero-digestive tract – diagnosis, management and complications, endoscopies in ENTHoarseness – diagnosis and managementMalignant lesions of larynx and laryngo-pharynxNeck space infections – Ludwig’s angina, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscessStridor – diagnosis and managementTonsils and adenoids (special mention of Qunisy, patches in oral cavity and pharynx)
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
Sec 21
Asphyxial deaths: Definition, causes, types, post-mortem appearances and medico legal significance of violent asphyxia deaths like hanging, strangulation, suffocation, smothering, choking, drowning, traumatic asphyxia.Blood – preservation and dispatch of samples, importance of blood groups in disputed paternity, hazards of blood transfusion.Principles of laboratory tests for identification of the above and interpretation of the results.Seminal and salivary stains preservation, dispatch and importance of grouping.Court procedures. Summons, warrant, Conduct money, Oath / affirmation, types of witnesses, recording of evidence, conduct of doctor in witness box, perjury, hostile witness.Courts in India and their powers. Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions Court, Assistant Sessions Court and Magistrate Courts.Death sexDefinition of forensic medicine, forensic pathology and medical jurisprudenceAlgor mortis, Livor mortis, Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening, heat stiffeningCommon post mortem artifacts.Decomposition, modified forms of decomposition, estimation of time since death.Civil and criminal responsibilities of mentally ill persons.Definition and brief overview of common mental illnesses.Indian mental health act with special reference to admission, care and discharge of mentally ill persons.True and feigned mental illnesses.Abortion, MTP, sexual sterilization, artificial insemination and their legal aspects.Legal aspects of the above.Potency, sterility, virginity, pregnancy, delivery.Sexual offences and abnormal sexual practices.Definition.Identification of persons, dead bodies and remains of a person by sex, age, biometry, dental features, scars, moles, tattoos, dactylography, personal belongings, photography, superimposition, DNA.Infant and childhood deaths: Viability and determination of intrauterine age of the foetus, live birth, still birth, dead born. Sudden infant death syndrome, child abuse.Inquest proceduresIntroduction to the subject, historical aspects of forensic medicineClassification of injuries, description of blunt force and sharp force injuries.Definition of wound, injury, hurt, assault, battery.Fire arms – principles, types, examination and interpretation of fire arm wounds. Comparison microscopy.Injuries due to physical agents and their medico legal importance: Heat, cold, electricity and lightning. Explosion injuries.Injuries due to traffic occurrences.Medico legal aspects of injuries: Difference between ante mortem and post-mortem injuries, determination of different types of injuries, defense wounds, hesitation cuts, fabricated injuries, simple and grievous hurt, suicidal, accidental and homicidal injuries, causes of death by mechanical injuries, legal classification of fatal injuries.Regional injuries: Injuries to head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, genitalia, vertebral column and bones.Medical certificates and medico legal reports. Birth, death, wound, drunkenness, potency, offence cases, intimation, notification.Certification of births, deaths, illness, fitness, disability.Consent: Types, age in relation to consent, consent in relation to mental illness and alcohol intoxication, consent in emergency situations.Consumer protection act.Duties and rights and privileges of a registered medical practitioner.Indian medical council and state medical councils, their functions and disciplinary control.Medical negligence: Civil, criminal, contributory negligence, vicarious responsibility, res ipsa loquitur, prevention of medical negligence and defence in medical negligence suits.Professional conduct, etiquette and ethics in medical practice.Professional secrecy and privileged communication.Medico legal aspects of deaths due to starvation-forced feeding.Definition of medico legal and clinical / pathological autopsy.Objectives, procedures and formalities of medico legal autopsy.Preservation of articles and tissues of importance during autopsy.Chloral hydrateConvulsants: Strychnine.Definition and general principles of management of a case of poisoning.Animal poisons: snake and scorpion bites.Asphyxiants: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide and Cyanides.Cardiac Poisons: Cerbera Odollam, Cerbera thevitia, Nerium odorum.Corrosive poisons: strong mineral acids, alkalies and organic acids – (carbolic, formic and oxalic acid).Deliriants: Dhatura, Cannabis and Cocaine.Inebriants: Methyl and Ethyl alcohol.Insecticides: Organophosphorous compounds, carbamates and Organocholoro compounds, Aluminium phosphide and Zinc phosphide.Metallic poisons: Lead, Arsenic and Iron.Drug abuse and dependence.Inorganic non metallic poisons: Phosphorous.Mechanical poisons.Medico legal duties of a doctor in a case of poisoning, preservation dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis. Role of chemical examiner’s laboratory and forensic science laboratory in brief.Organic vegetable irritants: Abrus precatorius, capsicum, calotropis, Semicarpus anacardium, Croton.Paralytic agents: Curare.War gases and industrial gases.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 22
Antibacterial agents and antibiotic sensitivity testBacterial geneticsGrowth, nutrition culture mediaIdentification of bacteriaInfection – Source and spread of infectionIntroduction to microbiologyMorphology of bacteria comparison with other microbial formsResponse to microbial infectionsSterilisation and disinfectionAntigen, antibodiesAutoimmunityComplement in health and diseasesHLA antigens in health and diseasesHypersensitivityImmunodeficiency diseasesImmunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyIntroduction, classification, type and cells involved in immunitySerological test in medical practicesTumour and transplantationIntroduction – classification of fungi and general principles of lab diagnosisOppurtunistic fungiSubcutaneous infections – Mycetoma, RhinosporidiosisSuperficial infectionsSystematic mycosisHelminthus – intestinal nematodes, tissue nematodes, cestodes, trematodes – laboratory diagnosis of helminthic infectionsIntroduction of parasitic diseaseProtozoal infections – Amoebiasis, Plasmodium, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Trichomonas, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis – laboratory diagnosis of protozoal infectionClostridia, Nonsporing anaerobesGram negative Bacillus-Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Enterobacteria / YersiniaGram negative Cocci- NeisseriaGram positive Bacilli-Corynebacterium, Listeria, BacillusGram positive Cocci-Stapohylococci, Streptococci, PneumococciMycobacteria, Nocardia, ActinomycesMycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, ChlamydiaPseudomonas, Pasteurella, AcinetobacterSpirochetesVibrio / CampylobacterArbovirusesBacteriophagesGeneral characteristics of virusesHepatitis, MiscellaneousMyxovirusesOncogenic virusesPapova, RetrovirusPicorna virusPox virus, Herpes, AdenovirusReplication of virusRhabdo virusVirus host interaction
Medical
100 Marks
Medical Officer (Siddha)
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for Medical Officer (Siddha) in the Indian Systems of Medicine Department.
120m
1s
#kerala-psc#medical#siddha#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala
Sec 1
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND CURRENT AFFAIRSNovel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcSNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyankoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and othersAmendment Provisions of the Constitution.Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.Emergency Provisions.Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.Services under the Union and the States.Social Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
Medical
100 Marks
RADIOGRAPHER GRADE II
The Radiographer Grade II post is recruited by the Kerala Public Service Commission for departments such as Medical Education or Health Services.
90m
3s
#kerala-psc#radiographer#medical-imaging#radiotherapy#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
General and Radiation Physics
Sec 1
alternating currentsatomic structureelectrical energy, joules,wattselectrical measuring instrumentselectromagnetic inductionelectronicsmagnetism and magnetic propertiesmodern physicsprinciples of radiation detection and measurementradio activitytransformersunits and measure of radiationUnits in radiographyx-ray spectrum, bremsstrahlung and characteristics x-raysx-ray tubes
Basic subjects
Sec 2
anatomy of nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, skeletal system, GIT, genito urinary system & endocrine systemElementary pathologyGeneral anatomygeneral physiologypathology of CNS, MSK, head and neck, respiratory, endocrine, GIT, GUT, genital and hepatobilary systemphysiology of cardio vascular system, respiratory system, GIT, endocrine system, real system, nervous system reproductive system and muscle and nerve
Physics of medical imaging and radio therapy (Radio Diagnosis)
Sec 3
CRCTdental radio graphy unitsDR and radiation protectionDSAfluoroscopyintensifying screenmammographyMRIbrachy therapyclinical radio therapyGeneral principlesnormal tissue reaction to radiationnuclear medicinecalibration of therapy unitsCobalt 60 teletherapy unitsdosimetry parametersisotopes usedlinear acceleratorradiation safety in radio therapy and recent advances in radio therapytreatment calculationsradio therapy simulatorsradio therapy sourcesradiotherapy treatment, planningCT scan-spiral CT, multislice CT scanner, low dose CT, CT angiography, virtual volonoscopydark room techniqueslower limbMRI scan -1.5 tesla magnets, diffusion, perfusion imaging, spectroscopy, DSA, Mammography and recent advancesPara nasal sinusesradiography of skullSpecial investigation techniques like barium meal, barium enema, HSG, IVU, RGP, AGP, MCU, bronchography, myelography, enteroclysis, angiography and contrast agents in medical imagingUltrasound scanupper limbvertebral columnX-ray exposure factorsray filmsultra soundunsharpenes in radio graphsx-ray equipmentsX-ray film processing
Medical
100 Marks
Vocational Instructor in Medical Laboratory Technician
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for the post of Vocational Instructor in Medical Laboratory Technician in the Vocational Higher Secondary Education Department.
120m
3s
#kerala-psc#medical-laboratory#vocational-instructor#vhse#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
Anatomy, Physiology & Biochemistry
Sec 1
Anatomical and histological aspects of skeletal system, muscular system, joints, Thorax, Respiratory system, Heart, Vascular System, Lymphatic System, Digestive System, Urinary System, Respiratory System, Nervous System, Endocrine System, Skin and Tissues.Basic knowledge about the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, lipids, nucleic acid, vitamins, minerals, haemoglobin, porphyrins, enzymes, acid-base balance, nutrition, hormones.Clinical enzymology - ALP, ACP, Amylase, AST, ALT, LDH, CK (activity determination, normal values, Interpretations etc).CSF analysis ,urine qualitative and quantitative analysis, Bence Jones Protein urine metabolite -VMA & 5- HIAA and gastric juice analysis.Estimation of various parameters present in the blood ( glucose, urea, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine ,phosphorous, calcium, electrolytes, Bilirubin ) samples and their normal values and interpretations, GCT, GTT, Glycosylated haemoglobin.Function tests - liver, kidney, gastro intestinal, pancreas, gonadal, feto-placental, thyroid function tests.Lipid profile , analysis of calculi, electrophoresis, chromatographic techniques.Physical chemistry - osmosis, diffusion, dialysis, Donnan-membrane equilibrium, viscosity, colloids, emulsions.Quality control programme and automation in a clinical biochemistry laboratory.Units of measurements, laboratory glasswares, cleaning of glasswares, laboratory safety, laboratory hazards, first aid, expressing concentrations of solutions, grades of chemicals, purification of water, buffer systems, balance, centrifuge, calibration of glasswares, primary and secondary standards, Collection and preservation of biological specimens, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, flourimetry, nephalometry, flame photometry, radioisotopes.Blood-composition and functions, respiratory system, Digestive system, cardiovascular system, renal system, endocrinology, reproductive system, muscle and nerve, nervous system, skin and temperature regulation.
Pathology
Sec 2
ABO and other blood group system Rh system.Anticoagulants used in blood bank.Antigen antibody reactions in immune haematology.Compatibility test in blood transfusion, serological tests on donor blood.Component separation.Grouping and Rh typing of blood, screening of donors, collection, preservation and storage of blood.Preparation of grouping sera.Transfusion reactions, transmission of diseases by blood transfusion.Urine - normal and abnormal constituents, physical, chemical and microscopic examination, stool examination for parasites, sputum examination, semen analysis, pregnancy test, CSF examination, examination of other body fluids.Buccal smear preparation, staining and Barr body identification.Karyotyping - chromosome identification, abnormal chromosomes and chromosome defects.Important applications of cytology, collection of various specimens and preparation of smear, cell blocks, cytospin, cytological fixatives Papanicoloau's staining, Shorr's staining, identification of normal and abnormal smear, FNAC.Anaemia, Leukemia, blood coagulation factors and mechanism of coagulation, disorders of coagulation, anticoagulants, collection of specimens, RBC, WBC, platelets and absolute eosinophil count, DC, ESR, PCV, osmotic fragility, Romanowsky stain ,supra vital staining , reticulocyte count, red cell indices ( MCV, MCH, MCHC, CI).Automatic blood cell counter.Blood coagulation studies and disorders of coagulation ( BT, CT, PT, PTT & TT ).Blood parasites identification, LE cell preparation and identification.Bone marrow smear and staining.Composition of blood, development of blood cells.Haemoglobin - function, normal and abnormal haemoglobins and estimation.Normal and abnormal blood cell morphology, functions and identification.Peroxidase, PAS staining and Perl's staining and their significance.Introduction to histology.Microtomes and cutting of sections, staining and mounting (haemotoxylin & Eosin staining, PAS, Reticulin, VanGieson, Verhoeffs, Masson trichrome).Processing of frozen sections, Histokinet, Cryostat.Reception of specimen, fixation, decalcification, processing of specimens (dehydration, clearing, infiltration and embedding).
Microbiology
Sec 3
History of microbiology, laboratory safety.Microscopy - compound, dark ground, fluorescent and electron microscope.Morphological classification of bacteria, culture media, composition & preparation of media, culture technique, biochemical tests used for identifying bacteria, a study of medically important bacteria, processing clinical specimen for diagnosing infections, serological tests for diagnosis of infections, antibiotic susceptibility tests.Staining techniques - Gram's, Acid fast & other special staining techniques.Sterilization and disinfection - different agents and technique used.Antigen, Antibody , Antigen-Antibody reactions - agglutination, precipitation, ELISA,IF and common serological techniques for diagnosing microbial infections.A brief study of common medically important fungi & their infections.Common contaminant fungi.Morphological study - KOH preparation, Lacto phenol cotton blue, slide culture, culture media - composition and preparation of Sabouraud's dextrose agar.Different techniques used for the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal protozoan infections, Trichomoniasis, malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, filariasis , intestinal helminthic infections etc.Medically important protozoan and helminthic parasites and important protozoa, nematodes, cestodes and trematodes their morphology, life cycle and laboratory diagnosis.Structure of viruses, DNA & RNA viruses, cultivation of viruses, common viral infections and laboratory diagnosis of infections.
Medical
100 Marks
LECTURER IN ANATOMY
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for the post of Lecturer in Anatomy in the Medical Education Department. The selection typically involves a written examination followed by an interview and document verification.
75m
23s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#anatomy#lecturer#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
HUMAN ANATOMY
Sec 1
Abdomen, Pelvis and PerineumBrain and Spinal CordGeneral AnatomyGeneral EmbryologyGeneticsHead and NeckLower LimbThoraxUpper Limb
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 2
Caesarean section (indications, complications)CPD, obstructed labourHypertonic contractions, hypotonic contractions and incoordinate uterine actionVaginal delivery after caesareanIntrauterine deathIUGRMultiple pregnanciesPost datismPreterm laborPROM (Premature rupture of membranes)Abnormal presentations and management: Occipito posterior position, Breech presentation, transverse lie, brow/face presentationAbnormal puerperium: cause clinical presentation investigations and managementAbortions: Types, aetiopathology, investigations and managementAcute abdomenAdolescent medicine (Gynaecology)AnalgesiaAntenatal care: objectives of antenatal care routine antenatal check up, Assessment of period of gestation, obstetric examination, general examination, other system examinationBreast feedingClinical monitoring of maternal and fetal well being, detect abnormalityCommon problems in Pregnancy - Oedema, Pruritis, heart burn, piles, varicose veins, clothing and foot ware, exercise, sex, hygiene, nutrition, rest, drug in pregnancyContraception: various methods and devices, selection of patients, counselling of the Couples, follow up, side effects, complications, and failure ratesDrugs: Immunisation, drug prescription relevant blood examination, urine examination and interpretation of the results and physiological changes in pregnancyDummy pelvis, Mannequins resuscitation of newbornEctopic pregnancy: aetiopatholgy, early diagnosis, late diagnosis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and principles of management (conservative, medical and surgical)Elderly primi, grand multipara, Rh negative, Gynaecological disorders complicating pregnancyFetal surveillanceFetomaternal medicine: Screening for congenital abnormalities, blood tests (maternal and fetal) Amniotic fluid analysis, fetal tissue biopsyFetal distress: definition, diagnosis and management neonatal resuscitation, care of newborn, examination of newborn and identifying congenital abnormalities, jaundice in newbornAbnormal hysterectomyAbnormal menstruation – definition, classification, clinical features and principles of investigations, diagnosis and managementNormal menstrual cycle – physiology of menstruationAbnormal vaginal discharge: causes, clinical examination, diagnosis, investigation and management. Counselling regarding prevention of STD’sAmenorrhoea: Definition, classification, causes, investigations and managementColposcopy: Principles instrument, procedureCorrection of enterocele, diagnosis and operation for vault prolapseDysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding: Definition, causes, investigations and managementEndometriosis: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management, contraceptionEndoscopy in gynaecological practiceGenital infections: STDs, PID, HIV infection and AIDS, genital TB – aetiopathology, diagnosis and principles of managementGenital injuries including fistulae: Causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and principles of management and preventionHormonal therapy: when to give, when not to give, type of hormones with dosage, duration of hormonal therapy, complications and contraindications for hormonal therapyHysteroscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, steps in present gynaecological practices and complications.Infertility: Types, definition, causes, counselling, examination of couple and essential investigations, ART: various methods of assisted reproductive techniques, setting up of ART labLaproscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, complication, scope of laproscopy in gynaecological practicesMedical termination of pregnancy, evacuation of incomplete Abortion tubal ligation, IUCD insertionNeoplasms of genital tract – Benign and malignant, aetiopathology, clinical feature, diagnosis, principles of management and cancer screening and preventive aspectsOperative gynaecology: Indications, complications of D&C, cervical biopsyOvarian tumoursRadical procedure for malignancyVaginal hysterectomy, sling proceduresHyperemesis gravidarum: definition, aetiopathology, clinical features advice and drug therapyAnaemia in pregnancyDiabetes in pregnancyHeart disease complicating pregnancyHypertensive disorders of pregnancyJaundice in pregnancy Haemorrhage and coagulation disorders in obstetrics and immunology in pregnancyThyroid disorders, immunological disorders like SLE, ACLA, and thrombophilia complicating pregnancyUTI, hepatitis, TB, chest disease complicating pregnancyVeneral disease, infections, HIV complicating pregnancyMTP Act, Legal and ethical aspects, methods, complications and managementAcceleration of labor and drugs used in laborDelivery: stages of labour, management of first of labourInduction of labor (various methods of induction – merits and demerits)Labour monitoring partogram, Labour analgesiaManagement of second stage of labour (vaginal delivery with episiotomy)Active management of third stage of laborOther complications of third stage of labor and managementPrevention of PPH, Management of PPHMechanism of labourPhysiology of onset of labor, fetal skull and pelvisAssisted breech delivery, breech extractionCaesarean sectionCervical encirclage extra amniotic instillation and manual removal of placentaExternal cephalic version, internal podalic versionIndication and steps of the procedure of episiotomyInstrumental evacuationVacuum extraction, forceps deliveryManagement of fever, skin wound complications, complications like burst abdomen, intraperitoneal bleeding and intra peritoneal collections, instruments, specimens etc.Routine management of postoperative patient like IV fluids, drugs, antibiotics, ambulation, nutritionPregnancy - Diagnosis, Clinical features, differential diagnosis, relevant tests and the principles underlying the testsRecurrent pregnancy loss: causes, investigations and managementTrophoblastic diseases: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, long term follow up and complicationsUltrasound examinationUltrasound MRI in obstetrics: diagnostic and interventionalUrological problems
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 3
Acute conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Allergic conjunctivitis, Pingencula, pterygium, Xerosis/ bitot spots, Dry eye, Angular conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, subconj hemorrhager, D/D of conjunctival and limbal noduleAngle closure glaucoma, open angle glaucoma, steroid induced glaucoma, lens induced glaucoma including surgery and managementAwareness of amblyopia, types of squint, paralytic, non-paralyticCataract and management, cong. Conditions, surgery and complications, lens abnormality, secondary glaucomas, congenital glaucomaCauses of blindnessCauses of sudden / partial / painless dimension of visionCentral retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma, Pappilledema, optic neuritis, optic atrophyChemical injuries, open globe injuries, closed globe injuries and first aid treatment including sympathetic injuries.Chronic conjunctivitis, Dry eye, membraneous conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitisChronic side effects of systemic medication, local anaesthetics, viscoelastics, steroid and NSAIDSCommon causes of proptosis, orbital cellulites, cavernous sinus thrombosisCorneal Inflammations: Corneal ulcers-bacterial, fungal, viral, Mooren’s ulcer, Vitamin A deficiency and keratomalacia, exposure keratitis, neuroparlytic keratitis, corneal blindness, eye banking, eye donation, keratoplasty, arcus senilis, corneal oedema, deep / interstitial keratitis, degenerations and dystrophies, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Dacryocystitis – congenital, acute, chronic, epiphoraDefinition and types of blindness.Ectropion entropion, trichiasis, ptosis, Iagophthalmos, symblepharon, blepharitis, Chalazion, refractive error, myopia, hypermetropia, Astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia / pseduophakia, Anisometropia, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Enucleation – Indication, techniqueEye and systemic diseases including AIDSEye campsFundus changes in diabetes, hypertension, anaemias, pregnancy induced hypertension, haematological disorders, myopiaIridocylitis, Panophthalmitis, EndophthalmitisLasers in OphthalmologyNPCB, Vision 2020Ocular malignancy – retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma of choroidPharmacologyPhotocoagulationPromotion of eye donationRetinal vascular diseasesScleritis, episcleritisSiderosis bulbi, Chalcosis, medico legal aspects.Symptomatic disturbances of vision, overview of recent advances in ophthalmologySynchisis syntillans, Asteroid hyalosis.Systemic associations of uveitis, Choroiditis, Coloboma iris, ocular albinism, vitreous hemorrhage – causes
PSYCHIATRY
Sec 4
Aetiological factors in psychiatric disordersBipolar disordersClassification of psychiatric disordersClinical interview and mental state examinationDepressive disordersLegal aspects of psychiatryMajor manifestation of psychiatric illnessNeurotic, stress related and somatoform disordersOrganic brain syndromeSchizophreniaSleep disordersSubstance abuseTreatments used in psychiatric illness
FAMILY WELFARE
Sec 5
In female – Barrier contraception, female condom, IUCD, tubectomy etc.In male – Condom, vasectomy (NSV) etcCommunity Medicine: The need for Family Welfare Planning, organization of Family Planning service, Health Education in relating to Family Planning, Nutrition, Physiological need of the mother, the child and the family Demography and the vital statisticsPediatrics: Problems of child health in relation to large family: organization of pediatric services, nutritional problems of mother and child, childhood diseases due to over crowding.Contraindications for administration of contraceptives. Side effects of contraceptivesMode of action and administration of chemical contraceptives and oral contraceptivePhysiology, endocrine and regulation of reproduction in the female. The safe period-rhythm method of contraception, principle of use of oral contraceptives.
SURGERY AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 6
Arteries - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, trauma, acute ischaemia, chronic ischaemia, Arterial aneurysms and A. V. fistula, amputationsATLS, poly trauma, disaster managementBiliary system – congential disorders, gall stone, cholecystitis, CholangocarcinomaBreast - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, fibrocystic diseases, inflammation, tumoursChest – diaphragm, mediastinum, chest injuries: Thoracic outlet compression syndrome, heart and pericardium, pleura and lungs.Critically injured patient including TriageDifferent types of wounds and their managementFluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional supportGastrointestinal tract – oesophagus, anatomy and physiology, congential anomalies, dysphagia, achalasia and other motility disorders, oesophageal perforation, gastrooesophageal reflux diseases, tumours.Genitourinary system – congenital conditions, trauma, infections, stones, hydronephrosis, tumours of kidney, tumours of bladder, retention of urinary bladder, haematuria, torsion, undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, carcinoma penis, phimosis, prostate testicular tumours, benign prostatic hypertrophy, carcinoma prostate, adrenal gland surgery pheochromacytoma and conn syndrome.Head and neck - Head injuries, facio maxillary injuries, salivary glands, mouth and face, cleft lip, cleft palate, oral cancers and premalignant conditions, jaw tumours, ranula, misc-Branchial cysts, arid fistula, carotid body tumours.Immunology and organ transplantation, HIV and surgeon, Hepatitis BInflammations – Lymphangitis, lymphadentis, malignant neoplasms – lymphomasLiver – Applied anatomy and physiology, trauma, liver abscess, cysts of the liver, portal hypertension, tumours, principles and management of obstructive jaundice.Lymphatics and lymph nodes - Applied Anatomy and physiology, lymph oedema – primary, secondary, lymph cyst – cystic hygromaMetabolic response to traumaMiscellaneous – Abdominal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, peritoneum and retroperitoneum, hernia and abdominal wall, mesentery, surgical audit and day care surgeryPancreas – Anatomy, development and physiology, congenital anomalies, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis including calcific pancreatitis, tumours, surgical jaundicePre-operative and post-operative care – emphasis on intensive care and high dependency sterilizationPrinciples of imaging techniquesPrinciples of Surgery, genetics, history of surgery, surgical ethicsRectum and anal canal – ano-rectal anomalies, prolapse, haemorrhoids, ano-rectal sepsis, fissure, fistula, tumourShock: Types, pathogenesis and management, Haemorrhage, Haemostasis, Blood transfusion, BurnsNormal structure – Ulcers, sinus and fistula, cysts and benign tumoursPre-malignant conditions, malignant tumours, skin coverSmall and large intestine – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease including typhoid, tuberculosis, tumours, intestinal obstruction.Spleen – Anatomy and physiology, trauma – splenic conservation, indication for splenectomyStomach and Duodenum – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital, peptic ulcer disease (APD), Upper GI haemorrhage, tumours, pyloric stenosisSurgical sepsis – specific infection, Nosocomial infection, antibiotic policySuture materials and anastomosisThyroid and parathyroid thyroglossal cyst and fistulaTraumaVeins - Applied anatomy and physiology, varicose veins and venous ulcers, DVT and superficial thrombophlebitisVermiform appendix – Anatomy, appendicitis, neoplasmWound healing and complications
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIO-PHYSICS
Sec 7
AuditionCardiovascular SystemEndocrinologyGastrointestinal SystemHematologyNerve - muscle physiologyNervous SystemPhysiology of ReproductionRenal SystemRespiratory SystemSkin and Temperature regulationSpecial Senses
PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 8
Autacoids and related drugsAutonomic nervous systemCardiovascular systemCentral nervous systemChemotherapyDrugs acting on Endocrine systemDrugs affecting blood and blood formationGeneral pharmacology and basic concepts of clinical pharmacologyGITInfective/Parasitic conditionsMedical emergenciesMiscellaneousNational health programmesRespiratory systemToxicology
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Sec 9
Basic epidemiologyBio-statisticsCharacteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multifactorial etiology of disease.Definition of health, holistic concepts of health including the concept of spiritual health, appreciation of health as a relative concept, dimensions and determinants of healthDefinition, concepts and evolution (history) of public healthHealth profile of IndiaIntroduction to various health indicatorsUnderstanding the concept of prevention and control of diseaseUnderstanding the natural history of disease and application of interventions at various levels of preventionsDemography and vital statisticsDevelopment and health interfaceDisabilityDisaster managementAwareness of standards of housing and its effect of housing on health.Concepts of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal.Concepts of water conservation, rainwater harvesting and global warming.Health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation pollution.Identifying the features of vectors and their control measures.Life cycles of vectors and advantages and limitations of various vector control measures.Mode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides.Physical, Chemical and bacteriological standards of drinking water quality and tests of assessing bacteriological quality of waterRadiation prevention and controlBasel conventionKyoto ProtocolStockholm conventionRole of vectors in the causation of diseases.Urban waste management.Water: concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of waterborne diseases, water purification process, water quality standards.Epidemiology of specific diseases: Communicable and noncommunicableHealth care of elderlyHealth care system in IndiaHealth care waste managementHealth planning, management and administrationHealth promotion and education / communication for behavioural change (Information, education, communication)International healthLegislation and public healthMental health and behavioural problemsNutritionOccupational healthReproductive and child healthSchool healthAssessment of barriers to good health and health seeking behaviourAssessment of socio-economic status, effect of health and illness on socio-economic statusAttitude, Behaviour, habitsConcept of sociology and behavioural science, Clinico-socio-cultural and demographic evaluation of the individual, family and communityConflicts – internal, interpersonal and conflict resolutions, defense mechanismsDevelopment and health interface – poverty and health, poverty alleviation programme, health of the marginalized, sustainable and inclusive developmentDoctor-patient relationshipEmotions, frustrations, role of emotions in health and coping with emotionsEthicsGender and health including gender based violence, epidemiology of violence and its prevention and control life skill educationImpact of urbanization on health and diseaseIntelligence – IQ and EQLearning – Types and skillsPersonality – Types, Interpersonal relationshipsPoverty link to health and disease and poverty alleviation programmesRole of family in health and diseaseSocial psychology, community behaviour and community relationship, hospital sociology and psychologySocial security – health insurance: Organized sector, unorganized sector, special groups (Eg: elderly)Socio-cultural factors related to health and disease in the context of urban and rural societiesStress and coping skills – integrated (Psychiatry)Urban health
PAEDIATRIC
Sec 10
Behavioural problems in children - Enuresis, thumb sucking, breath holding, dyslexia, specific learning disorders, child rearing problems like infantile colic, growing pain etcCNS - Cerebral palsy, mental retardation, meningitis and encephalitis, seizure disorders and febrile seizures, microcephaly and hydrocephalus, floppy infant, therapeuticsCommon chromosomal disorders and genetic counselling - Down’s syndrome, Turner syndrome.Common poisoning and accidents in children - Kerosene, Dhatura, paracetamol and iron, snake bite, burns etc.Connective tissue disorders - JRA, other vasculitis syndromes including SLE and HSP, Kawasaki diseaseCVS - Congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever and RHD, CCF, hypertension, infective endocarditis.Disorders of kidney - acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, urinary tract infectionEndocrine disorder - diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, short stature and intersex, ambigous genitalia, precocious pubertyFragile X and Genetic counselling,Diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis and hepatic failure, cirrhosis liver and portal hypertension.Helminthic infestations.Haemopoietic system - anaemia in children, bleeding disordersPoliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, childhood tuberculosis, typhoid fever, HIV infection, dengue and chikungunya, viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria. Pertussis, mumps, rubella, influenza, H1N1, seasonal epidemicsInnocent problems causing undue parental anxiety breath holding spell, evening colic, growing pain etc.Malignancies in children - leukemia, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, solid tumours, CNS tumours, new born respiratory distress in newborn, perinatal diagnosis and treatment, sepsis in newborn, assessment and management of asphyxia, thermoregulation in newborn congenital malformations, disorders of gestation and low birth weight, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, BFHI and feeding, normal variations intrauterine infections, neonatal seizuresNational programmes - IMNCI, RCH3, NRHM, Vitamin A, Iodine deficiency, IDSP, ARI, ADD, AFP & PPINutrition - BFHI, IYCF Nutritional assessment, SAM, specific vitamin deficiency disordersRespiratory system - Childhood asthma, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonias in children suppurative lung disease, smoking and environmental pollution, Croup syndromesTreatment of epilepsy, GBS, ADEM
BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 11
Biochemistry of CancerCarbohydratesClinical ChemistryHaemoglobinLipidsMaintenance of HomeostasisMetabolism of Amino acidsMetabolism of LipidsMineral MetabolismNucleic Acids and Molecular BiologyPlasma Proteins and ImmunoglobulinsProteinsVitamins
RADIOLOGY
Sec 12
Biological changesEmergency radiologyGastrointestinal systemGenitourinary systemHepatobiliary systemNeuroimaging modalitiesProduction of X-raysSkeletal radiology chest and Mediastinum
DERMATOLOGY
Sec 13
Bullous skin lesion collagen disorderEczematous dermatitisGastrogenic disordersInfections of skinLeprosy and national leprosy control programmesLesions of skin appendagesMaculopapular,Neoplastic lesionsPigmentary disturbancesSquamous lesion
RADIOTHERAPY
Sec 14
Cancer epidemiology and possible etiological factors, screening for cancerCommon malignancies, diagnosis and treatmentHormone treatment in cancerMethods of radiotherapy and recent advancesPrinciples of cancer chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancerPrinciples of radiation oncology, radioactive sources – Teletherapy, Brachial therapy and nuclear medicine
ANAESTHESIOLOGY
Sec 15
Cardio-pulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, basic cardiac life support (BCLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)Complication in anaesthesia and post-operative periodEquipments in anaesthesia and methods of oxygen therapyGeneral anaesthesia – Basal anaesthesia triads of anaesthesia Inhalational agentsIntravenous anaesthetic agentsIntravenous fluid therapy, intraoperative monitoringIntroduction – scope of AnaesthesiologyMethods of pain reliefPre-anaesthetic check-up premedicationRegional analgesia – subarachnoid and epidural analgesia, other techniques of regional analgesia and agents used.
PATHOLOGY
Sec 16
Cardiovascular pathologyCell injuryCirculatory disturbancesDermato-pathologyEndocrine PathologyGrowth disturbancesHaematopathologyInfectious diseasesLiver and Biliary tract pathologyLymphoreticular system.Miscellaneous disordersNeuropathologyOsteopathologyPathology of gastrointestinal tractRenal and urinary tract pathologyReproductive system.Respiratory pathology
ORTHOPAEDICS
Sec 17
Bone, tumour, osteochondroma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst and enchondroma, giant cell tumour, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone diseases and osteogenesis imperfectaCDHCTEV and flat footIntervertebral disc prolapseNerve injuries – Radial nerve, ulnar nerve, sciatic nerve, amputations and osteoarthrosis hip, knee, cerebral palsyPerthe’s disease and slipped upper femoral epiphysisRheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitisRickets and osteomalaciaScoliosis and spondylothesisTorticollis, congential pseudoarthrosis of tibia and arthrgryphosis multiplex congenita ostemyelitis septic arthritis tuberculosis – spine, hip, knee, elbow, wrist and other sitesAnkle injuries – Pott’s fractureColle’s fracture and fracture scaphoidComplications of fracture – open fractures and pathological fractureDefinition of a fracture and types of fracture and general principles of management of fractureElbow dislocation and forearm fractureExtensor mechanism injuries of kneeFracture clavicle, fracture neck of humerus and shoulder dislocationFracture humems (Shaft) and supracondylar fractureFracture of tarsal bonesFracture pelvis and hip fracture – fracture of femurFracture spine and traumatic paraplegiaHand injuriesHip dislocation and fracture shaft of femurIntercondylar fracture and Olecranon fractureLeg fractureMeniscus tear and fracture patellaMonteggia fracture and Galeazzi’s fracture
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Sec 18
Disability evaluation – principles people with disabilities Act – 1995Introduction to physical medicine and rehabilitation disability process and progression of disabilities concept of Impairment / disability and hard capPain management principlesPrinciples of occupational therapy its application in the rehabilitation of various disabilitiesPrinciples of physical therapy – various modalities and therapeutic exercisesPrinciples of prosthetics and rehabilitation aids their application in the rehabilitation of disabilitiesPrinciples of rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo get exposed to the potentials of socia-vocation rehabilitation of the various describing conditions in the light of the 1995 Act people with disabilities (equal opportunities etc) Act 1995To get oriented to basic principles of community based rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo understand the basic principles of disability conclusion and for certification purposes
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Sec 19
Disease of inner ear: Vertigo – classification, causes, investigations and management (special mention of Meniere’s disease, positional vertigo and acoustic neuroma)Introduction to diseases of ear Topics: Diseases of external ear (with special mention on wax, otomycosis, foreign body, keratosis and malignant otitis externa. Diseases of middle ear: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media – TTD, AAD, complications of middle ear infections. Deafness – classification, causes, investigations, early detection of deafness in children and rehabilitation (special mention to audiometry, otosclerosis, learning and speech rehabilitation.Acute sinusitis (in detail), chronic sinusitis (in detail)Complications of infections of nose and paranasal sinusesFacio-maxillary injuries (in detail), epistaxis, DNS and nasal polyp (special emphasis on FESS)Rhinitis – etiology, classification and management (special mention of allergic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis and allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis.)Tumours of nose and PNS (special mention of inverted papilloma, naso-pharyngeal angiofibroma and malignancy)Dysphagia – causes, investigations and management (special mention of malignancy)Foreign bodies of aero-digestive tract – diagnosis, management and complications, endoscopies in ENTHoarseness – diagnosis and managementMalignant lesions of larynx and laryngo-pharynxNeck space infections – Ludwig’s angina, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscessStridor – diagnosis and managementTonsils and adenoids (special mention of Qunisy, patches in oral cavity and pharynx)
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
Sec 20
Asphyxial deaths: Definition, causes, types, post-mortem appearances and medico legal significance of violent asphyxia deaths like hanging, strangulation, suffocation, smothering, choking, drowning, traumatic asphyxia.Blood – preservation and dispatch of samples, importance of blood groups in disputed paternity, hazards of blood transfusion.Principles of laboratory tests for identification of the above and interpretation of the results.Seminal and salivary stains preservation, dispatch and importance of grouping.Court procedures. Summons, warrant, Conduct money, Oath / affirmation, types of witnesses, recording of evidence, conduct of doctor in witness box, perjury, hostile witness.Courts in India and their powers. Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions Court, Assistant Sessions Court and Magistrate Courts.Death sexDefinition of forensic medicine, forensic pathology and medical jurisprudenceAlgor mortis, Livor mortis, Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening, heat stiffeningCommon post mortem artifacts.Decomposition, modified forms of decomposition, estimation of time since death.Civil and criminal responsibilities of mentally ill persons.Definition and brief overview of common mental illnesses.Indian mental health act with special reference to admission, care and discharge of mentally ill persons.True and feigned mental illnesses.Abortion, MTP, sexual sterilization, artificial insemination and their legal aspects.Legal aspects of the above.Potency, sterility, virginity, pregnancy, delivery.Sexual offences and abnormal sexual practices.Definition.Identification of persons, dead bodies and remains of a person by sex, age, biometry, dental features, scars, moles, tattoos, dactylography, personal belongings, photography, superimposition, DNA.Infant and childhood deaths: Viability and determination of intrauterine age of the foetus, live birth, still birth, dead born. Sudden infant death syndrome, child abuse.Inquest proceduresIntroduction to the subject, historical aspects of forensic medicineClassification of injuries, description of blunt force and sharp force injuries.Definition of wound, injury, hurt, assault, battery.Fire arms – principles, types, examination and interpretation of fire arm wounds. Comparison microscopy.Injuries due to physical agents and their medico legal importance: Heat, cold, electricity and lightning. Explosion injuries.Injuries due to traffic occurrences.Medico legal aspects of injuries: Difference between ante mortem and post-mortem injuries, determination of different types of injuries, defense wounds, hesitation cuts, fabricated injuries, simple and grievous hurt, suicidal, accidental and homicidal injuries, causes of death by mechanical injuries, legal classification of fatal injuries.Regional injuries: Injuries to head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, genitalia, vertebral column and bones.Medical certificates and medico legal reports. Birth, death, wound, drunkenness, potency, offence cases, intimation, notification.Certification of births, deaths, illness, fitness, disability.Consent: Types, age in relation to consent, consent in relation to mental illness and alcohol intoxication, consent in emergency situations.Consumer protection act.Duties and rights and privileges of a registered medical practitioner.Indian medical council and state medical councils, their functions and disciplinary control.Medical negligence: Civil, criminal, contributory negligence, vicarious responsibility, res ipsa loquitur, prevention of medical negligence and defence in medical negligence suits.Professional conduct, etiquette and ethics in medical practice.Professional secrecy and privileged communication.Medico legal aspects of deaths due to starvation-forced feeding.Definition of medico legal and clinical / pathological autopsy.Objectives, procedures and formalities of medico legal autopsy.Preservation of articles and tissues of importance during autopsy.Chloral hydrateConvulsants: Strychnine.Definition and general principles of management of a case of poisoning.Animal poisons: snake and scorpion bites.Asphyxiants: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide and Cyanides.Cardiac Poisons: Cerbera Odollam, Cerbera thevitia, Nerium odorum.Corrosive poisons: strong mineral acids, alkalies and organic acids – (carbolic, formic and oxalic acid).Deliriants: Dhatura, Cannabis and Cocaine.Inebriants: Methyl and Ethyl alcohol.Insecticides: Organophosphorous compounds, carbamates and Organocholoro compounds, Aluminium phosphide and Zinc phosphide.Metallic poisons: Lead, Arsenic and Iron.Drug abuse and dependence.Inorganic non metallic poisons: Phosphorous.Mechanical poisons.Medico legal duties of a doctor in a case of poisoning, preservation dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis. Role of chemical examiner’s laboratory and forensic science laboratory in brief.Organic vegetable irritants: Abrus precatorius, capsicum, calotropis, Semicarpus anacardium, Croton.Paralytic agents: Curare.War gases and industrial gases.
General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala
Sec 21
General Knowledge and Current AffairsNovel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcSNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, T K Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyakoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and othersAmendment Provisions of the Constitution.Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.Emergency Provisions.Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.Services under the Union and the States.Social Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 22
Antibacterial agents and antibiotic sensitivity testBacterial geneticsGrowth, nutrition culture mediaIdentification of bacteriaInfection – Source and spread of infectionIntroduction to microbiologyMorphology of bacteria comparison with other microbial formsResponse to microbial infectionsSterilisation and disinfectionClostridia, Nonsporing anaerobesGram negative Bacillus-Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Enterobacteria / YersiniaGram negative Cocci- NeisseriaGram positive Bacilli-Corynebacterium, Listeria, BacillusGram positive Cocci-Stapohylococci, Streptococci, PneumococciMycobacteria, Nocardia, ActinomycesMycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, ChlamydiaPseudomonas, Pasteurella, AcinetobacterSpirochetesVibrio / CampylobacterArbovirusesBacteriophagesGeneral characteristics of virusesHepatitis, MiscellaneousMyxovirusesOncogenic virusesPapova, RetrovirusPicorna virusPox virus, Herpes, AdenovirusReplication of virusRhabdo virusVirus host interactionAntigen, antibodiesAutoimmunityComplement in health and diseasesHLA antigens in health and diseasesHypersensitivityImmunodeficiency diseasesImmunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyIntroduction, classification, type and cells involved in immunitySerological test in medical practicesTumour and transplantationHelminthus – intestinal nematodes, tissue nematodes, cestodes, trematodes – laboratory diagnosis of helminthic infectionsIntroduction of parasitic diseaseProtozoal infections – Amoebiasis, Plasmodium, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Trichomonas, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis – laboratory diagnosis of protozoal infectionIntroduction – classification of fungi and general principles of lab diagnosisOppurtunistic fungiSubcutaneous infections – Mycetoma, RhinosporidiosisSuperficial infectionsSystematic mycosis
MEDICINE AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 23
Hypo and Hypervitaminosis A & DNutrition requirementsObesityProtein calorie malnutrition in adultsVitamin deficienciesVitamin excessAcidosisAlkalosisHypokalemia + HyperkalemiaHyponatremia + HypernatremiaHypovolemia and dehydrationIII.Disturbance of body temperatureAcute viral hepatitis chronicAmoebiasisApproach to fever and PUOBrucellosisChickenpox,ChickungunyaCommon exanthematous feversCommon fungal infectionsCommon gram negative infectionsCommon gram positive infectionsDengue fever,FilariasisGastroenteritis, Cholera, food poisoningHelminthic infections, Bacillary dysenteryHerpes zosterHIV AIDSInfluenza and other respiratory viral infectionsLeptospirosisLRTI – Bronchitis and community acquired pneumoniaMeningitisRabiesRicketsiaSepsisSkin and soft tissue infections including cellulitisTetanusTuberculosisTyphoid,URI including sinusitisUTIViral hepatitis malariaAnaphylaxis, Urticaria, AngioedemasImmune reactionImmunoglobulinRole of B and T LymphocytesCardiac failureCardiomyopathiesCongenital heart disordersCoronary artery diseasesCoronary circulationCorpulomonaleDVT + pulmonary embolismECG and X-ray interpretationHypertension and hypertensive heart diseaseInfective endocarditisPericardial diseasePeripheral vascular diseasesRheumatic fever and RHDRhythm disturbancesV.Primary Immune deficiency disordersClinical GeneticsAlcohol abuseBites and stings, snake bite, scorpion sting + othersCommon poisonings organophosphate and carbamate sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, TCA, Rat poison + paracetamol, formic acid, methyl alcohol, OdollumHanging, drowning, electrical injuriesRadiation hazardsVIII.Medical disorders in pregnancyAbdominal tuberculosisAcid peptic diseasesApproach to patient with AscitesApproach to patient with JaundiceChronic liver diseaseDisease of colon and rectumDrug / toxin induced hepatitis and NASHHaemochromatosis and Wilson’s diseaseIBSInflammatory bowel diseaseMalabsorption syndrome and tropical spruePhysiology of absorption and investigation proceduresUpper GI bleedBronchial asthmaBronchogenic carcinomaCOPDILDPleural diseasesRespiratory failureSuppurative lung diseaseAcute LeukemiasAplastic anaemia + AgranulocytosisBleeding disordersChronic LeukemiasCoagulation disordersDeficiency anaemiaHaemolytic anaemias FeHUS and TTPLymphomaMacrocyte and Megaloblastic anaemiaPlasma cell disordersPolycythemiaAcute renal failureChronic renal failureGlomerular diseaseNephrotic syndrome RFTAnatomyApproach to a case of vertigoCerebellar disordersCNS tuberculosisDementias, DeliriumDemyelinationEndocrine disease related to gonadsExtrapyramidal disordersFunctionalHemorrhagic strokeMigraine and cluster headacheMotor neuron disease and myastheniaPeripheral NeuropathyPhysiology and InvestigationPituitary dysfunction and tumourSeizures and epilepsy IschemicSpinal cord disordersStrokeAssessment and treatment of chronic painDrug therapy in elderlyNormal ageing and age-related common problemsAcute LVF + Acute severe asthmaApproach to comaBioterrorism and disaster managementCardiopulmonary resuscitation statusDICEmergency management of acute coronary syndromeEpilepticsManagement of hepatic encephalopathySevere sepsis and shockApproach to chronic backacheDegenerative joint disordersInflammatory muscle diseaseRheumatoid arthritisSLESpondyloarthopathiesAddison’s diseaseCushings disease + syndromeDiabetes MellitusHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMetabolic bone disease + Osteoporosis + Vitamin deficiencyParathyroid disorders + TetanyThyroiditis and other thyroid disordersCommon adverse reactionsCommon drug interactionsGeneral principles of drug therapyMonitoring drug therapyRational prescription writing
Medical
100 Marks
DIETICIAN GRADE II
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for the post of Dietician Grade II in Health Services Department.
120m
9s
#kerala-psc#dietician#nutrition#health-services#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
Part II > UNIT 5
Sec 1
AnemiaDiet in Cancer & Counseling Risk factors, general reaction, nutritional problems, nutritional requirements, Role of food in prevention of Cancer.Diet in Cardio vascular disease & Counseling Atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, lipidaemia, hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction.Diet in fevers, typhoid fever, influenza and tuberculosis, Rheumatic fever & counseling.Diet in kidney diseases& counseling Nephritis, Acute chronic and renal failure, renal calculi.Diet on Liver Diseases & Counseling Cirrhosis, hepatitis, hepatic coma, diseases of gall bladder, pancreatitis,Disease of Gastro Intestinal tract Constipation dysentery diarrhea, colitis.Diseases of Endocrine disorders & counseling Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, HypocalcimiaDiseases of metabolic disorder. Arthritis, Diabetes mellitius and Gout.Diseases of Nervous system & counseling Polyneuropathy, burning feet syndrome, anorexia nervosa and epilepsy.Introduction to therapeutic diets.Basic concepts, principles, factors considered, classification, special feeding methods, pre and post operative diet.Routine Hospital diets Regular diet, light diet, soft diet, full liquid diet, clear liquid diet and tube feedingstherapeutic adaptation of normal diet. Feeding infants and children problems in feeding in the Hospital.
Part II > Unit 3
Sec 2
Animal cell Structure, composition and function of Cell Membrane; structure and functions of Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes and Lysosomes;Structure of Nuclear envelope and its functions; Nucleolus–structure and functionCirculatory system heart structure and working of heart blood vessels, lymph vessels and their functions. Lymphatic system concept of circulation at tissue level. Composition and functions of blood and lymph. Mechanism of blood coagulation blood grouping and blood transfusion.Defense Mechanisms of the body Localization of infection, inflammation, active and passive immunity, introduction to T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes Immunization, failure of immunity Common Variable immuno deficiency syndrome (CVID) Acquired Immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS).Definition of anatomy physiology, general anatomy of human body.Digestive system brief study of the anatomical organization of the digestive tract and process of digestion, absorption and assimilation of food.Protoplasm Chemical, Physical and physiological properties of protoplasm.Respiratory System Basic anatomy of the respiratory system. Process of respiration-Transport and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.Tissues Structure and functions of various types of tissues. Organs and organ systems an integrated approach.
Part II > UNIT 6
Sec 3
Applied Nutritional Programmes ANP,MMP, SNPJCDS, FWPJPP, BNP.Assessment of nutritional status by population sampling, Anthropometry, Biophysical assessment, Radiographic examination, Nutritional adequacy of diet consumed, clinical assessment, Biochemical assessment.Diet survey methods - Population sampling & duration of survey, diet survey methods, Questionnaire, Food list method, Interview method, Food inventory of log book method, Weightment of raw food, Weightment of cooked food, Analysis of cooked food method, Adult consumption units, Nutrition and Health Education Definition, importance channels of nutrition education, nutrition education methods, planning for nutrition and health education. Techniques of nutrition education. Evaluation of nutritional programmes. Role of Nutrition Education Programmes in eradication of malnutrition.Food fads & fallacies.Food selection purchase, storage, Food handling, sanitation and hygieneGeriatric Nutrition: Nutritional requirement, physiological changes, Nutritional changes, Nutritional problems during old age.Introduction to Nutrition Principles of Foods and Nutrition,Food groups, Diet and balanced diet, Meal planning, meal pattern, selection of adequate diet, BDA, RDA of different age groups, use of Food exchange list.Nutritional problems in India-Anemia, overweight, under-weight, vitamin A-deficiency, PEM, goiter, thiamin deficiency.Nutritional requirements for expectant and nourishing mother, dietary modification – dietary problems, complications of pregnancy and Indian nourishing mother.Nutritional requirements for infancy, pre-school, school going and adolescents and adult hood. Factors affecting nutritional status, Nutritional problems, Packed lunch, and school lunch programmes, Food habits.Role of National & International Agencies to overcome malnutrition (ICDS, UNICEF, WHO, FAO, ICAR)
Part II > UNIT 4
Sec 4
Body Fluids, Water and Electrolytic Balance.Endocrine Glands, structure and endocrine functions of – Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Pancreas (Islets), Adrenal Gland, Testis, Ovary, General introduction to mode of hormones on target cells.Excretory System Excretory Organs–Structure and functions of Kidneys, Formation of urine, composition of urine, Role of Skin and Liver in excretion.Nervous system, Physiology of the nerve cell, Parts of the Central Nervous System and functions. Origin and propagation of nerve impulse, Synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters, Parts of Brain and their functions, Spinal cord – Structure and function, Importance of Automatic nervous system.Reproductive System. Anatomy and functions of male reproductive organs, Anatomy and functions of Female reproductive organs. Menstrualcycle, Conception, Parturition, Contraception, Menopause and associated physiological problems.
Part II > Unit 1
Sec 5
Carbohydrates Definition, classification, physical and chemical properties, sources, biological role, metabolism,deficiency diseases, inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism. Nutritional aspects of carbohydrate.Enzymes Definition, classification, mechanism of enzyme action., enzyme specificity, enzyme activity, factors affection enzyme activity, uses of enzymes, enzymes in clinical diagnosis.Interrelation between Nutrients.Lipids Definition, classification, physical and chemical properties, sources, biological role, metabolism, and inborn errors of lipid metabolism. Nutritional aspects of lipids.Minerals Definition - types, absorption & role of minerals, minerals deficiency diseases.Nucleic acids DNA & RNA, structure & function, metabolism, genetic disorders. e.g. cancer, autoimmune diseasesProteins definition, classification, physical and chemical properties, sources, biological role, biological value of protein, protein metabolism, protein deficiency diseases and inborn errors of protein metabolism.Role of HormonesVitamins Definition, classification, characteristics, absorption & role of vitamins in metabolism, deficiency diseases.
Part II > UNIT 8
Sec 6
Development of new recipes and modified recipes.Leadership, motivation and communication a) Dietician as a leader, leadership qualities that a dietitian should posses, styles of leadership and their effect on subordinates. b)Relation between motivation and performance, Hygiene Theory, Application of above theories to motivate subordinate communication, need for communication, process of communication, upward, downward and lateral communication, barriers to effective communication, listening.Organization Organizational Chart, Organizational charts of Dietary/food service department, line of staff, authority, responsibility, power, delegation of authority, centralization and decentralization of food service.Planning and Equipment Purchase, Layout Design:Quantity Food Production :- Objectives of foodpreparation, working methods, cooking methods, food preservation, food spoilage.Service Management a) Table Service, dining room management b) Delivery and Service of food in different systems.Staffing and Personnel Management: Manpower planning, Recruitment, Selection, Induction, Performance Appraisal, Training Development.
Part II > Unit 2
Sec 7
Different sources of contamination, intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of Food which effect Microbial growth.Food Hazards, Food Poisoning, Food borne Diseases, Food intoxication, Study of causative agent, symptoms of disease, prevention, control and vaccination.General principles underlying Food spoilage, chemical changes caused by MicroorganismGrowth curve of typical bacterial cell, Growth requirement of bacteria, sterilization by physical and chemical methods.Micro-organisms, Importance of Micro organisms, General classification, study of the morphological, cultural characteristics and bio-chemical activities of bacteria.Microbes in fermented Food – Alcoholic beverages, Indigenous fermented foods like Idli, Dhokla, Bread, Soya Bean Fermented Foods.Microbiology of Water-number and kinds of Microorganisms present, test for contamination of bacteria.Spoilage changes in different Food stuffs in brief.
Part II > UNIT 7
Sec 8
Food Production Management – establishing purchase specification, volume fore casting, dealing with suppliers, receiving methods, stores organization, inventory control of stock, portion control, yield testing standard recipes.Foundation Ingredients :- Carbohydrates, fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins, Seasonings, Flavorings, Liquids, Thickening agents, Fats & Oils, Sweetening & Raisings agents.Menu & Meal planning, rules for compilation of menu.Principles of cooking food with special application to fish, egg, meat, vegetables, cheese, pulses & cereals.Salads :- Importance, types, common salad dressing.Seasoning & flavoringSoups :- importance, typesStandardization of recipes & portion control.Various cooking methods & Culinary terms (Western & Indian):-
PART I- General Knowledge and Current Affairs
Sec 9
Novel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcSNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma ValiyakoYi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and othersAmendment Provisions of the Constitution.Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.Emergency Provisions.Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.Services under the Union and the States.Social Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
Medical
100 Marks
SENIOR LECTURER IN PAEDIATRICS
This is a recruitment by the Kerala Public Service Commission for the post of Senior Lecturer in Paediatrics in the Medical Education Department.
120m
4s
#kerala-psc#paediatrics#medical-education#lecturer#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
Salient Features of Indian Constitution
Sec 1
Amendment Provisions of the Constitution.Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.Emergency Provisions.Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.Services under the Union and the States.
RENAISSANCE IN KERALA
Sec 2
Novel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcSNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyakoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and others
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND CURRENT AFFAIRS
Sec 3
General Knowledge and Current Affairs
Social Welfare Legislations and Programmes
Sec 4
Social Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
Medical
100 Marks
Senior Lecturer in Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine
This is a recruitment by the Kerala Public Service Commission for the post of Senior Lecturer in Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine in the Medical Education Department.
120m
4s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#lecturer#tuberculosis#respiratory-medicine
Syllabus Explorer
Salient Features of Indian Constitution
Sec 1
Amendment Provisions of the Constitution.Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.Emergency Provisions.Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.Services under the Union and the States.
RENAISSANCE IN KERALA
Sec 2
Novel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcSNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyakoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and others
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND CURRENT AFFAIRS
Sec 3
General Knowledge and Current Affairs
Social Welfare Legislations and Programmes
Sec 4
Social Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
Medical
100 Marks
Junior Laboratory Assistant ||| Junior Lab Assistant ||| Laboratory Technician Gr.II
Recruitment by the Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) for the post of Junior Laboratory Assistant, Junior Lab Assistant, and Laboratory Technician Gr.II in the Medical Education and Health Services Departments.
90m
5s
#kerala-psc#laboratory#medical-education#health-services#science
Syllabus Explorer
PART - I
Sec 1
Heamotology analyser, Haemogram, CBCMethods of estimation.Normal value, Clinical ignificance, Relevance of HbAlcTypes of samples: FBS, PPBS,RBSCommon method for the estimation of cholesterol.Tests included in lipid profileCommon tests included. Method used for estimation of Bilirubin (Malloy and Evelyn method)Name cardiac Markers.Name Tumor Markers.Other parameters of Diagnostic importance. Serum electrolytes: Sodium, Potassium. Normal value and Clinical significance.Common method used for the estimation of Blood urea, Serum creatinine (normal values). Clearance test (Urea & Creatinine)Enumerate the common test included.Arterial puncture and venous punctureIdentification of blood cells: Leishman's stain Blood cell types: RBC, WBC, Platelets (Identifying characters and Normal Range )Methods of blood collection - Capillary PunctureSites of blood collection: Capillary and Venous.Blood bank-Anticoagulants.Blood components.Blood group antigens and antibodies.Blood group system. (ABO and Rh system in detail)Blood grouping techniques.Cell grouping and Serum grouping.Compatability testing and issue of blood.Cross matching-Minor and Major.Donor screening , Donor selection criteria.Hemolytic Disease of New Born (HDN )Inheritance of blood group.Mention 3 phases.Slide and tube methodTransfusion phlebotomyTransfusion reaction:Name only.Analysis of Urine, Sputum, Stool, Semen, CSF (physical,Chemical, Microscopic examination, Importance)ESR- Method (westergren's method), Normal value,Clinical Significance.Counting chamber : improved NeubauerTotal cell counts: RBC,WBC,Platelet,Absolute Eosinophil count. (Diluting fluids, Normal value, Clinical Significance)Hemoglobin estimation : Enumerate methods ,WHO recognized method : cyanmethhaemoglobin method,significance.PCV – Methods, Wintrobe 's method, Normal value clinical significance.Reticulocount : Clinical significanceTest for coagulation: Bleeding time methods & Normal value of Duke's method. Clotting time methods & Normal value of Capillary tube methodDiagnostic cytology : Types of specimen , Processing , Fixation (fixatives used), Staining, advantages and application of diagnostic cytologyHistotechnology :Tissue processing (steps of tissue processing), Microtomes, staining: (H and E stain)Types of immunity, types of antibody (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE)Biochemical tests : Coagulase, Catalase, & IMViCClassification of bacteria based on Morphology.Culture Media: Classification of culture media with example.Culture Methods: Streak , Stroke, Stab, Lawn culture, Anaerobic technique (gaspak)Detection of motility : Names of different methods (Hanging Drop Method )Disinfectants & Antiseptics (Application)Hot Air Oven, Autoclave (Use )Identification of bacteria : Different methods .Staining : (Simple stain, gram stain, AFB stain) Diagnostic significance.Sterilization methods.Laboratory Diagnosis of Filariasis . (Disease, mode of transmission,host and nocturnal habit. Lab diagnosis : Wet smear examination , thick smear examination, concentration techniques.Laboratory diagnosis of Malaria (Disease, Mode of transmission, host, causative agent. Types of Malaria, Thick and thin smear. Other stains used: JSB, Other methods : card method ,QBC.
PART – IV
Sec 2
Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipid, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types, properties and mode of action .Cell division-cell cycle,mitosis &meosisStructure of plant and animal cell, various cell organelles and their function.Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Taxonomic hierarchy, Binomial nomenclature, Tools for study of Taxonomy - Museums, Zoos, Herbaria, Botanical gardensBiological classification -Five kingdoms, virus, viroids and lichenPlant Kingdom - Brief classification of plants with examplesEcosystem: Structure and function, Productivity,energy flow, food chain, food web and ecological pyramids. Biogeochemical cycles, Ecological succession.Environmental issues : Air, water, soil and noise pollution. Solid waste management,radioactive waste management. Green house and global warming ,ozone depletion.Organism and Environment:Environmental factors, Ecological levels-species,population & community, ecological adaptations. Population attributes-growth birth rate and death rate and age distribution. Population interactions.Photosynthesis-photosynthetic pigments, photochemical phase-cyclic and non cyclic photophosphorylation, biochemical phase-photorespiration, C3 and C 4 cycles. Factors affecting photosynthesis.Plant growth and development: Phases of plant growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Growth regulators-auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA, Seed dormancy; Vernalisation and Photoperiodism.Plant nutrition-classification of minerals in plants, their role, deficiency symptoms, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.Respiration-aerobic & anaerobic respiration, steps in cell respiration–Glycolysis,TCA Cycle, Terminal oxidation, energy relation and respiratory quotient.Transport in plants -cell to cell transport, plant water relations, transport of water and minerals, transpiration and its mechanism, guttation and translocation of minerals.Reproduction in flowering plants: Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination - types,agencies and examples.Outbreedings devices; Double fertilisation; Post fertilisation events-Development of endosperm and embryo and seed ,Special modes - apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony.Plant anatomy - Internal structure of plant, tissues, tissue systems, Primary structure of stem, root & leaf. Secondary growth in stem and rootPlant morphology - root, stem and leaf structure & modification, Flower morphology, floral diagram and floral formula of Fabaceae, Solanaceae and LiliaceaeSalient features and classification of animals, non -chordates and chordates up to classes level. Morphology and internal structure of Earthworm, cockroach and frog.Animal nutrition and its type, food components, malnutrition, disorder related to nutrition. Human digestive system and process of digestionCirculation:Blood and its composition. Human heart -structure and working ,double circulation, ECG, circulatory disordersEndocrine system : endocrine glands, hormones and their functions,hormonal imbalance and disorders.Excretion:Structure and function of human kidney, osmoregulation, regulation of urine formation. Other excretory organsLocomotion and Movements : Human skeleton , types of joint, Types of muscle and structure, Mechanim of muscle contraction and disordersNervous co- ordination : Human Nervous system -structure and function of brain and spinal cord ,nerve impulse transmission .Sensory receptors - structure and function of eye, ear and tongue.Reproduction and development:Human male and female reproductive system, menstrual cycle, gametogenesis fertilisation and embryogeny. Placenta and its function.Respiration :Respiratory organs,Respiration in man – mechanism and its regulation, gas exchange, respiratory volume and respiratory disordersAnimal and plant breeding, Tissue culture, Biotechnology principles and its applications in agriculture and medicine. Biopatent, Biopiracy, biofertilizers, sewage treatment, biogas and biomedical technologies.Birth control measures, Assisted reproductive technologies, STD Common problems of adolescence, problem associated with drugs, smoking and alcoholismEvolution : Origin of life ,Theories of evolution, evidence of evolution , Natural selection and example, types of selection, Hardy-Weinberg's principle and human evolutionHeredity and variation : Mendelian inheritance. Non -Mendelian inheritance-incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and polygenic inheritance, Sex determination. Mendelian disorders and chromosomal disorders.Molecular basis of inheritance: Structure of DNA and RNA, Search for DNA as genetic material, Nucleosomes.Functions of DNA - replication, transcription and translation .Central dogma, genetic code. Gene expression and regulation -Lac operon.
PART- III
Sec 3
Allotrops of Carbon - Diamond and Graphite their structure and propertiesChemicals in food, medicines and as cleansing agentsClassification of elements in blocks- Periodic properties and their variation along group and period with reasonColloids and emulsions-type of colloids with examples-colloids around usCompounds of Nitrogen -Ammonia and Nitric acid, compounds of sulphur -sulphuric acidDifferent atom models by J J Thomson, Rutherford, Neils Bohr- Quantum numbers and orbital representation-orbit and orbital- Electronic configuration and Auf-bau principleDifferent methods used for purifying organic compounds – distillation, crystallisation, sublimationDifferent polymers with examplesDifferent types of electrochemical cellsGreen house effect-acid rainHydrocarbons-general formula -structural representationLanthanoids and Actinoids-Interhalogen compoundsMolarity, molarity calculationsMole concept calculationsOres of different metals -methods of extraction of metalsPeriodic classification of elements – Earlier classifications - Modern Periodic law and Periodic Table - various groups in Modern Periodic TableSeven crystal systems with examplesTests for alchohol, aldehydes, ketones, phenolTypes of water-Hardness of water-causes of hardness and its removalVSEPR Theory and shapes of molecules
PART V
Sec 4
Important world, national and regional events related to the political and scientific fields, sports, cinema and literature etc.Demography – Economic and social development – Poverty alleviation – Economy and planning – etc.Geography of India – Physical features – Climate – Soils – Rivers – Famous sites – etc.History of India – Period from 1857 to 1947 – National movementGeographical Facts – Physical features – Climate – Soils – Rivers – Famous sites – Economic and Social deve – Historical importance - etc.Five Year PlansBrahmananda Swami Sivayogi, Chattampi Swami, Sree Narayana Guru, Vagbhatananda, Thycaud Ayya, Ayya Vaikundar, Poikayil Yohannan (Kumara Guru), Ayyankali, Pandit Karuppan, Mannathu Padmanabhan,V. T. Bhattathirippad, Dr. Palpu, Kumaranasan, Vakkom Moulavi, Blessed Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Etc.Important Events/Movements/Leaders
PART II
Sec 5
Alternating current: AC generator, LCR circuit, Reactance, Impedence, Resonance, TransformerCurrent electricity : Electric current, Ohm's law, Resistance and resistivity, Resistance in series and parallel, Carbon resistors, Kirchoff'sDual nature of matter and radiations: Photoelectric effect, Matter waveElectromagnetic induction: Faraday's law, Lenz's law, Eddy current, Self Induction, Mutual inductionElectromagnetic waves : Electromagnetic waves and their properties, Electro magnetic spectrum and their usesElectrostatics: Electric charges and their properties, Coulomb's law, Electric field, Electric potential, Capacitance, Capacitors in series and parallel, capacity of a parallel plate capacitorGravitation : Mass and weight, Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with height and depthHeat: Measurement of temperature,Thermal expansion, Specific heat capacity, Latent Heat, Transfer of heat, Newton's law of cooling.Laws of Motion : Newtons laws of motion, Force, Inertia, Linear momentum and its conservation, FrictionMagnetism : Earth'magnetism, para, dia and ferromagnetic substances, Electromagnets and permanent magnets.Mechanics of solids and liquids : Elastic properties of solids, Stress, Strain, Hooke's law, Modulus of Elasticity, Fluid pressure, Pascal's law, Buoyancy, Surface tension, Viscosity, Capillary rise, Bernoulli's theorem and its applicationsMotion in one, two and three dimensions: Distance and displacement, Speed and velocity, Acceleration, Equations of motion, Projectile motion, Uniform circular motionOptics: Reflection, Refraction, Total internal reflection, Refraction through prism, Refraction through lens, Lenses in contact, Magnification, Power of lens, Dispersion, Scattering, Interference, Diffraction, Polarisation, Microscope, TelescopeRotational motion : Centre of Mass, Angular momentum and its conservation, Torque, Principle of moments, Moment of Inertia, Rotational kinetic EnergySemiconducters: Conducters, insulators and semiconductors, Intrinsic semiconductors, Extrinsic semiconductors, Diode, TransistorUnits and measurement : Units for measurement, CGS Unit , SI unit, Accuracy and errors in measurement, Significant figuresWaves: Longitudinal and transverse waves, Speed of wave motion, Reflection of waves, Echo.Work, Energy and Power : Work, Energy, Different forms of Energy, Kinetic Energy, Potential energy, Conservation of energy, Power
Medical
100 Marks
ASSISTANT INSURANCE MEDICAL OFFICER ||| SENIOR LECTURER ||| LECTURER IN PSYCHIATRY ||| LECTURER IN COMMUNITY MEDICINE ||| LECTURER IN PHARMACOLOGY ||| LECTURER IN RADIODIAGNOSIS ||| LECTURER IN TRANSFUSION MEDICINE ||| LECTURER IN GENERAL SURGERY ||| LECTURER IN NEUROLOGY ||| ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
The Kerala Public Service Commission conducts examinations for various medical posts, including Assistant Insurance Medical Officer, Senior Lecturer, Lecturer in various specialities, and Assistant Professor in Endocrinology.
75m
23s
#kerala-psc#medical#lecturer#officer#specialist
Syllabus Explorer
HUMAN ANATOMY
Sec 1
Abdomen, Pelvis and PerineumBrain and Spinal CordGeneral AnatomyGeneral EmbryologyGeneticsHead and NeckLower LimbThoraxUpper Limb
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 2
Abnormal hysterectomyAbnormal labor:Abnormal menstruation – definition, classification, clinical features and principles of investigations, diagnosis and managementNormal menstrual cycle – physiology of menstruationAbnormal pregnancy:Abnormal presentations and management: Occipito posterior position, Breech presentation, transverse lie, brow/face presentationAbnormal puerperium: cause clinical presentation investigations and managementAbnormal vaginal discharge: causes, clinical examination, diagnosis, investigation and management. Counselling regarding prevention of STD’sAbortions: Types, aetiopathology, investigations and managementAcceleration of labor and drugs used in laborActive management of third stage of laborAcute abdomenAdolescent medicine (Gynaecology)Amenorrhoea: Definition, classification, causes, investigations and managementAnaemia in pregnancyAnalgesiaAntenatal care: objectives of antenatal care routine antenatal check up, Assessment of period of gestation, obstetric examination, general examination, other system examinationAssisted breech delivery, breech extractionBreast feedingCaesarean sectionCaesarean section (indications, complications)Cervical encirclage extra amniotic instillation and manual removal of placentaClinical monitoring of maternal and fetal well being, detect abnormalityColposcopy: Principles instrument, procedureCommon problems in Pregnancy - Oedema, Pruritis, heart burn, piles, varicose veins, clothing and foot ware, exercise, sex, hygiene, nutrition, rest, drug in pregnancyContraception: various methods and devices, selection of patients, counselling of the Couples, follow up, side effects, complications, and failure ratesCorrection of enterocele, diagnosis and operation for vault prolapseCPD, obstructed labourDelivery: stages of labour, management of first of labourDiabetes in pregnancyDrugs: Immunisation, drug prescription relevant blood examination, urine examination and interpretation of the results and physiological changes in pregnancyDummy pelvis, Mannequins resuscitation of newbornDysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding: Definition, causes, investigations and managementEctopic pregnancy: aetiopatholgy, early diagnosis, late diagnosis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and principles of management (conservative, medical and surgical)Elderly primi, grand multipara, Rh negative, Gynaecological disorders complicating pregnancyEndometriosis: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management, contraceptionEndoscopy in gynaecological practiceExternal cephalic version, internal podalic versionFetal distress: definition, diagnosis and management neonatal resuscitation, care of newborn, examination of newborn and identifying congenital abnormalities, jaundice in newbornFetal surveillanceFetomaternal medicine: Screening for congenital abnormalities, blood tests (maternal and fetal) Amniotic fluid analysis, fetal tissue biopsyFetus and newborn:Genital infections: STDs, PID, HIV infection and AIDS, genital TB – aetiopathology, diagnosis and principles of managementGenital injuries including fistulae: Causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and principles of management and preventionGynaecologyHeart disease complicating pregnancyHormonal therapy: when to give, when not to give, type of hormones with dosage, duration of hormonal therapy, complications and contraindications for hormonal therapyHyperemesis gravidarum: definition, aetiopathology, clinical features advice and drug therapyHypertensive disorders of pregnancyHypertonic contractions, hypotonic contractions and incoordinate uterine actionHysteroscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, steps in present gynaecological practices and complications.Indication and steps of the procedure of episiotomyInduction of labor (various methods of induction – merits and demerits)Infertility: Types, definition, causes, counselling, examination of couple and essential investigations, ART: various methods of assisted reproductive techniques, setting up of ART labInstrumental evacuationIntrauterine deathIUGRJaundice in pregnancy Haemorrhage and coagulation disorders in obstetrics and immunology in pregnancyLabour monitoring partogram, Labour analgesiaLaproscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, complication, scope of laproscopy in gynaecological practicesManagement of second stage of labour (vaginal delivery with episiotomy)Management of third stage of labor:Mechanism of labourMedical disorders in pregnancy:Medical termination of pregnancy, evacuation of incomplete Abortion tubal ligation, IUCD insertionMedical termination of pregnancy:MTP Act, Legal and ethical aspects, methods, complications and managementMultiple pregnanciesNeoplasms of genital tract – Benign and malignant, aetiopathology, clinical feature, diagnosis, principles of management and cancer screening and preventive aspectsNormal LabourOperative gynaecology: Indications, complications of D&C, cervical biopsyOperative obstetricsOther complications of third stage of labor and managementOvarian tumoursPhysiology of onset of labor, fetal skull and pelvisPost datismManagement of fever, skin wound complications, complications like burst abdomen, intraperitoneal bleeding and intra peritoneal collections, instruments, specimens etc.Routine management of postoperative patient like IV fluids, drugs, antibiotics, ambulation, nutritionPregnancy - Diagnosis, Clinical features, differential diagnosis, relevant tests and the principles underlying the testsPreterm laborPrevention of PPH, Management of PPHPROM (Premature rupture of membranes)Radical procedure for malignancyRecurrent pregnancy loss: causes, investigations and managementThyroid disorders, immunological disorders like SLE, ACLA, and thrombophilia complicating pregnancyTrophoblastic diseases: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, long term follow up and complicationsUltrasound examinationUltrasound MRI in obstetrics: diagnostic and interventionalUrological problemsUTI, hepatitis, TB, chest disease complicating pregnancyVacuum extraction, forceps deliveryVaginal delivery after caesareanVaginal hysterectomy, sling proceduresVeneral disease, infections, HIV complicating pregnancy
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 3
Acute conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Allergic conjunctivitis, Pingencula, pterygium, Xerosis/ bitot spots, Dry eye, Angular conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, subconj hemorrhager, D/D of conjunctival and limbal noduleAngle closure glaucoma, open angle glaucoma, steroid induced glaucoma, lens induced glaucoma including surgery and managementAwareness of amblyopia, types of squint, paralytic, non-paralyticCataract and management, cong. Conditions, surgery and complications, lens abnormality, secondary glaucomas, congenital glaucomaCauses of blindnessCauses of sudden / partial / painless dimension of visionCentral retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma, Pappilledema, optic neuritis, optic atrophyChemical injuries, open globe injuries, closed globe injuries and first aid treatment including sympathetic injuries.Chronic conjunctivitis, Dry eye, membraneous conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitisChronic side effects of systemic medication, local anaesthetics, viscoelastics, steroid and NSAIDSCommon causes of proptosis, orbital cellulites, cavernous sinus thrombosisCorneal Inflammations: Corneal ulcers-bacterial, fungal, viral, Mooren’s ulcer, Vitamin A deficiency and keratomalacia, exposure keratitis, neuroparlytic keratitis, corneal blindness, eye banking, eye donation, keratoplasty, arcus senilis, corneal oedema, deep / interstitial keratitis, degenerations and dystrophies, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Dacryocystitis – congenital, acute, chronic, epiphoraDefinition and types of blindness.Ectropion entropion, trichiasis, ptosis, Iagophthalmos, symblepharon, blepharitis, Chalazion, refractive error, myopia, hypermetropia, Astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia / pseduophakia, Anisometropia, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Enucleation – Indication, techniqueEye and systemic diseases including AIDSEye campsFundus changes in diabetes, hypertension, anaemias, pregnancy induced hypertension, haematological disorders, myopiaIridocylitis, Panophthalmitis, EndophthalmitisLasers in OphthalmologyNPCB, Vision 2020Ocular malignancy – retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma of choroidPharmacologyPhotocoagulationPromotion of eye donationRetinal vascular diseasesScleritis, episcleritisSiderosis bulbi, Chalcosis, medico legal aspects.Symptomatic disturbances of vision, overview of recent advances in ophthalmologySynchisis syntillans, Asteroid hyalosis.Systemic associations of uveitis, Choroiditis, Coloboma iris, ocular albinism, vitreous hemorrhage – causes
PSYCHIATRY
Sec 4
Aetiological factors in psychiatric disordersBipolar disordersClassification of psychiatric disordersClinical interview and mental state examinationDepressive disordersLegal aspects of psychiatryMajor manifestation of psychiatric illnessNeurotic, stress related and somatoform disordersOrganic brain syndromeSchizophreniaSleep disordersSubstance abuseTreatments used in psychiatric illness
FAMILY WELFARE
Sec 5
Applied anatomy of mechanical methods for prevention of conceptionCommunity Medicine: The need for Family Welfare Planning, organization of Family Planning service, Health Education in relating to Family Planning, Nutrition, Physiological need of the mother, the child and the family Demography and the vital statisticsIn female – Barrier contraception, female condom, IUCD, tubectomy etc.In male – Condom, vasectomy (NSV) etcPediatrics: Problems of child health in relation to large family: organization of pediatric services, nutritional problems of mother and child, childhood diseases due to over crowding.Contraindications for administration of contraceptives. Side effects of contraceptivesMode of action and administration of chemical contraceptives and oral contraceptivePhysiology, endocrine and regulation of reproduction in the female. The safe period-rhythm method of contraception, principle of use of oral contraceptives.
SURGERY AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 6
Arteries - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, trauma, acute ischaemia, chronic ischaemia, Arterial aneurysms and A. V. fistula, amputationsATLS, poly trauma, disaster managementBiliary system – congential disorders, gall stone, cholecystitis, CholangocarcinomaChest – diaphragm, mediastinum, chest injuries: Thoracic outlet compression syndrome, heart and pericardium, pleura and lungs.Critically injured patient including TriageDifferent types of wounds and their managementFluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional supportGastrointestinal tract – oesophagus, anatomy and physiology, congential anomalies, dysphagia, achalasia and other motility disorders, oesophageal perforation, gastrooesophageal reflux diseases, tumours.Genitourinary system – congenital conditions, trauma, infections, stones, hydronephrosis, tumours of kidney, tumours of bladder, retention of urinary bladder, haematuria, torsion, undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, carcinoma penis, phimosis, prostate testicular tumours, benign prostatic hypertrophy, carcinoma prostate, adrenal gland surgery pheochromacytoma and conn syndrome.Head and neck - Head injuries, facio maxillary injuries, salivary glands, mouth and face, cleft lip, cleft palate, oral cancers and premalignant conditions, jaw tumours, ranula, misc-Branchial cysts, arid fistula, carotid body tumours.Immunology and organ transplantation, HIV and surgeon, Hepatitis BLiver – Applied anatomy and physiology, trauma, liver abscess, cysts of the liver, portal hypertension, tumours, principles and management of obstructive jaundice.Lymphatics and lymph nodes - Applied Anatomy and physiology, lymph oedema – primary, secondary, lymph cyst – cystic hygromaInflammations – Lymphangitis, lymphadentis, malignant neoplasms – lymphomasMetabolic response to traumaMiscellaneous – Abdominal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, peritoneum and retroperitoneum, hernia and abdominal wall, mesentery, surgical audit and day care surgeryPancreas – Anatomy, development and physiology, congenital anomalies, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis including calcific pancreatitis, tumours, surgical jaundicePre-operative and post-operative care – emphasis on intensive care and high dependency sterilizationPrinciples of imaging techniquesPrinciples of Surgery, genetics, history of surgery, surgical ethicsRectum and anal canal – ano-rectal anomalies, prolapse, haemorrhoids, ano-rectal sepsis, fissure, fistula, tumourShock: Types, pathogenesis and management, Haemorrhage, Haemostasis, Blood transfusion, BurnsNormal structure – Ulcers, sinus and fistula, cysts and benign tumoursPre-malignant conditions, malignant tumours, skin coverSmall and large intestine – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease including typhoid, tuberculosis, tumours, intestinal obstruction.Spleen – Anatomy and physiology, trauma – splenic conservation, indication for splenectomyStomach and Duodenum – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital, peptic ulcer disease (APD), Upper GI haemorrhage, tumours, pyloric stenosisSurgical sepsis – specific infection, Nosocomial infection, antibiotic policySuture materials and anastomosisThyroid and parathyroid thyroglossal cyst and fistula Breast - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, fibrocystic diseases, inflammation, tumoursTraumaVeins - Applied anatomy and physiology, varicose veins and venous ulcers, DVT and superficial thrombophlebitisVermiform appendix – Anatomy, appendicitis, neoplasmWound healing and complications
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIO-PHYSICS
Sec 7
AuditionCardiovascular SystemEndocrinologyGastrointestinal SystemHematologyNerve - muscle physiologyNervous SystemPhysiology of ReproductionRenal SystemRespiratory SystemSkin and Temperature regulationSpecial Senses
PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 8
Autacoids and related drugsAutonomic nervous systemCardiovascular systemCentral nervous systemChemotherapyDrugs acting on Endocrine systemDrugs affecting blood and blood formationGeneral pharmacology and basic concepts of clinical pharmacologyGITInfective/Parasitic conditionsMedical emergenciesMiscellaneousNational health programmesRespiratory systemToxicology
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Sec 9
Basic epidemiologyBio-statisticsCharacteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multifactorial etiology of disease.Definition of health, holistic concepts of health including the concept of spiritual health, appreciation of health as a relative concept, dimensions and determinants of healthDefinition, concepts and evolution (history) of public healthHealth profile of IndiaIntroduction to various health indicatorsUnderstanding the concept of prevention and control of diseaseUnderstanding the natural history of disease and application of interventions at various levels of preventionsDemography and vital statisticsDevelopment and health interfaceDisabilityDisaster managementAwareness of standards of housing and its effect of housing on health.Concepts of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal.Concepts of water conservation, rainwater harvesting and global warming.Health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation pollution.Identifying the features of vectors and their control measures.Life cycles of vectors and advantages and limitations of various vector control measures.Mode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides.Physical, Chemical and bacteriological standards of drinking water quality and tests of assessing bacteriological quality of waterRadiation prevention and controlBasel conventionKyoto ProtocolStockholm conventionRole of vectors in the causation of diseases.Urban waste management.Water: concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of waterborne diseases, water purification process, water quality standards.Epidemiology of specific diseases: Communicable and noncommunicableHealth care of elderlyHealth care system in IndiaHealth care waste managementHealth planning, management and administrationHealth promotion and education / communication for behavioural change (Information, education, communication)International healthLegislation and public healthMental health and behavioural problemsNutritionOccupational healthReproductive and child healthSchool healthAssessment of barriers to good health and health seeking behaviourAssessment of socio-economic status, effect of health and illness on socio-economic statusAttitude, Behaviour, habitsConcept of sociology and behavioural science, Clinico-socio-cultural and demographic evaluation of the individual, family and communityConflicts – internal, interpersonal and conflict resolutions, defense mechanismsDevelopment and health interface – poverty and health, poverty alleviation programme, health of the marginalized, sustainable and inclusive developmentDoctor-patient relationshipEmotions, frustrations, role of emotions in health and coping with emotionsEthicsGender and health including gender based violence, epidemiology of violence and its prevention and control life skill educationImpact of urbanization on health and diseaseIntelligence – IQ and EQLearning – Types and skillsPersonality – Types, Interpersonal relationshipsPoverty link to health and disease and poverty alleviation programmesRole of family in health and diseaseSocial psychology, community behaviour and community relationship, hospital sociology and psychologySocial security – health insurance: Organized sector, unorganized sector, special groups (Eg: elderly)Socio-cultural factors related to health and disease in the context of urban and rural societiesStress and coping skills – integrated (Psychiatry)Urban health
PAEDIATRIC
Sec 10
Behavioural problems in children - Enuresis, thumb sucking, breath holding, dyslexia, specific learning disorders, child rearing problems like infantile colic, growing pain etcCNS - Cerebral palsy, mental retardation, meningitis and encephalitis, seizure disorders and febrile seizures, microcephaly and hydrocephalus, floppy infant, therapeuticsTreatment of epilepsy, GBS, ADEMCommon chromosomal disorders and genetic counselling - Down’s syndrome, Turner syndrome.Fragile X and Genetic counselling,Innocent problems causing undue parental anxiety breath holding spell, evening colic, growing pain etc.Common poisoning and accidents in children - Kerosene, Dhatura, paracetamol and iron, snake bite, burns etc.Connective tissue disorders - JRA, other vasculitis syndromes including SLE and HSP, Kawasaki diseaseCVS - Congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever and RHD, CCF, hypertension, infective endocarditis.Disorders of kidney - acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, urinary tract infectionEndocrine disorder - diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, short stature and intersex, ambigous genitalia, precocious pubertyDiarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis and hepatic failure, cirrhosis liver and portal hypertension.Helminthic infestations.Haemopoietic system - anaemia in children, bleeding disordersPoliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, childhood tuberculosis, typhoid fever, HIV infection, dengue and chikungunya, viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria. Pertussis, mumps, rubella, influenza, H1N1, seasonal epidemicsMalignancies in children - leukemia, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, solid tumours, CNS tumours, new born respiratory distress in newborn, perinatal diagnosis and treatment, sepsis in newborn, assessment and management of asphyxia, thermoregulation in newborn congenital malformations, disorders of gestation and low birth weight, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, BFHI and feeding, normal variations intrauterine infections, neonatal seizuresNational programmes - IMNCI, RCH3, NRHM, Vitamin A, Iodine deficiency, IDSP, ARI, ADD, AFP & PPINutrition - BFHI, IYCF Nutritional assessment, SAM, specific vitamin deficiency disordersRespiratory system - Childhood asthma, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonias in children suppurative lung disease, smoking and environmental pollution, Croup syndromes
BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 11
Biochemistry of CancerCarbohydratesClinical ChemistryHaemoglobinLipidsMaintenance of HomeostasisMetabolism of Amino acidsMetabolism of LipidsMineral MetabolismNucleic Acids and Molecular BiologyPlasma Proteins and ImmunoglobulinsProteinsVitamins
RADIOLOGY
Sec 12
Biological changesEmergency radiologyGastrointestinal systemGenitourinary systemHepatobiliary systemNeuroimaging modalitiesProduction of X-raysSkeletal radiology chest and Mediastinum
DERMATOLOGY
Sec 13
Bullous skin lesion collagen disorderEczematous dermatitisGastrogenic disordersInfections of skinLeprosy and national leprosy control programmesLesions of skin appendagesMaculopapular,Neoplastic lesionsPigmentary disturbancesSquamous lesion
RADIOTHERAPY
Sec 14
Cancer epidemiology and possible etiological factors, screening for cancerCommon malignancies, diagnosis and treatmentHormone treatment in cancerMethods of radiotherapy and recent advancesPrinciples of cancer chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancerPrinciples of radiation oncology, radioactive sources – Teletherapy, Brachial therapy and nuclear medicine
ANAESTHESIOLOGY
Sec 15
Cardio-pulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, basic cardiac life support (BCLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)Complication in anaesthesia and post-operative periodEquipments in anaesthesia and methods of oxygen therapyGeneral anaesthesia – Basal anaesthesia triads of anaesthesia Inhalational agentsIntravenous anaesthetic agentsIntravenous fluid therapy, intraoperative monitoringIntroduction – scope of AnaesthesiologyMethods of pain reliefPre-anaesthetic check-up premedicationRegional analgesia – subarachnoid and epidural analgesia, other techniques of regional analgesia and agents used.
PATHOLOGY
Sec 16
Cardiovascular pathologyCell injuryCirculatory disturbancesDermato-pathologyEndocrine PathologyGrowth disturbancesHaematopathologyInfectious diseasesLiver and Biliary tract pathologyLymphoreticular system.Miscellaneous disordersNeuropathologyOsteopathologyPathology of gastrointestinal tractRenal and urinary tract pathologyReproductive system.Respiratory pathology
MEDICINE AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 17
AnatomyApproach to a case of vertigoCerebellar disordersCNS tuberculosisDementias, DeliriumDemyelinationEndocrine disease related to gonadsExtrapyramidal disordersFunctionalHemorrhagic strokeMigraine and cluster headacheMotor neuron disease and myastheniaPeripheral NeuropathyPhysiology and InvestigationPituitary dysfunction and tumourSeizures and epilepsy IschemicSpinal cord disordersStrokeCommon adverse reactionsCommon drug interactionsGeneral principles of drug therapyMonitoring drug therapyRational prescription writingAcute LVF + Acute severe asthmaApproach to comaBioterrorism and disaster managementCardiopulmonary resuscitation statusDICEmergency management of acute coronary syndromeEpilepticsManagement of hepatic encephalopathySevere sepsis and shockCardiac failureCardiomyopathiesCongenital heart disordersCoronary artery diseasesCoronary circulationCorpulomonaleDVT + pulmonary embolismECG and X-ray interpretationHypertension and hypertensive heart diseaseInfective endocarditisPericardial diseasePeripheral vascular diseasesRheumatic fever and RHDRhythm disturbancesDisturbance of body temperatureAddison’s diseaseCushings disease + syndromeDiabetes MellitusHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMetabolic bone disease + Osteoporosis + Vitamin deficiencyParathyroid disorders + TetanyThyroiditis and other thyroid disordersAlcohol abuseBites and stings, snake bite, scorpion sting + othersCommon poisonings organophosphate and carbamate sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, TCA, Rat poison + paracetamol, formic acid, methyl alcohol, OdollumHanging, drowning, electrical injuriesRadiation hazardsAcidosisAlkalosisHypokalemia + HyperkalemiaHyponatremia + HypernatremiaHypovolemia and dehydrationClinical GeneticsDrug therapy in elderlyNormal ageing and age-related common problemsAbdominal tuberculosisAcid peptic diseasesApproach to patient with AscitesApproach to patient with JaundiceChronic liver diseaseDisease of colon and rectumDrug / toxin induced hepatitis and NASHHaemochromatosis and Wilson’s diseaseIBSInflammatory bowel diseaseMalabsorption syndrome and tropical spruePhysiology of absorption and investigation proceduresUpper GI bleedAcute LeukemiasAplastic anaemia + AgranulocytosisBleeding disordersChronic LeukemiasCoagulation disordersDeficiency anaemiaHaemolytic anaemias FeHUS and TTPLymphomaMacrocyte and Megaloblastic anaemiaPlasma cell disordersPolycythemiaAnaphylaxis, Urticaria, AngioedemasImmune reactionImmunoglobulinRole of B and T LymphocytesAcute viral hepatitis chronicAmoebiasisApproach to fever and PUOBrucellosisChickenpox,ChickungunyaCommon exanthematous feversCommon fungal infectionsCommon gram negative infectionsCommon gram positive infectionsDengue fever,FilariasisGastroenteritis, Cholera, food poisoningHelminthic infections, Bacillary dysenteryHerpes zosterHIV AIDSInfluenza and other respiratory viral infectionsLeptospirosisLRTI – Bronchitis and community acquired pneumoniaMeningitisRabiesRicketsiaSepsisSkin and soft tissue infections including cellulitisTetanusTuberculosisTyphoid,URI including sinusitisUTIViral hepatitis malariaMedical disorders in pregnancyHypo and Hypervitaminosis A & DNutrition requirementsObesityProtein calorie malnutrition in adultsVitamin deficienciesVitamin excessAssessment and treatment of chronic painPrimary Immune deficiency disordersAcute renal failureChronic renal failureGlomerular diseaseNephrotic syndrome RFTBronchial asthmaBronchogenic carcinomaCOPDILDPleural diseasesRespiratory failureSuppurative lung diseaseApproach to chronic backacheDegenerative joint disordersInflammatory muscle diseaseRheumatoid arthritisSLESpondyloarthopathies
ORTHOPAEDICS
Sec 18
Bone, tumour, osteochondroma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst and enchondroma, giant cell tumour, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone diseases and osteogenesis imperfectaCDHCTEV and flat footIntervertebral disc prolapseNerve injuries – Radial nerve, ulnar nerve, sciatic nerve, amputations and osteoarthrosis hip, knee, cerebral palsyPerthe’s disease and slipped upper femoral epiphysisRheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitisRickets and osteomalaciaScoliosis and spondylothesisTorticollis, congential pseudoarthrosis of tibia and arthrgryphosis multiplex congenita ostemyelitis septic arthritis tuberculosis – spine, hip, knee, elbow, wrist and other sitesAnkle injuries – Pott’s fractureColle’s fracture and fracture scaphoidComplications of fracture – open fractures and pathological fractureDefinition of a fracture and types of fracture and general principles of management of fractureElbow dislocation and forearm fractureExtensor mechanism injuries of kneeFracture clavicle, fracture neck of humerus and shoulder dislocationFracture humems (Shaft) and supracondylar fractureFracture of tarsal bonesFracture pelvis and hip fracture – fracture of femurFracture spine and traumatic paraplegiaHand injuriesHip dislocation and fracture shaft of femurIntercondylar fracture and Olecranon fractureLeg fractureMeniscus tear and fracture patellaMonteggia fracture and Galeazzi’s fracture
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Sec 19
Disability evaluation – principles people with disabilities Act – 1995Introduction to physical medicine and rehabilitation disability process and progression of disabilities concept of Impairment / disability and hard capPain management principlesPrinciples of occupational therapy its application in the rehabilitation of various disabilitiesPrinciples of physical therapy – various modalities and therapeutic exercisesPrinciples of prosthetics and rehabilitation aids their application in the rehabilitation of disabilitiesPrinciples of rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo get exposed to the potentials of socia-vocation rehabilitation of the various describing conditions in the light of the 1995 Act people with disabilities (equal opportunities etc) Act 1995To get oriented to basic principles of community based rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo understand the basic principles of disability conclusion and for certification purposes
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Sec 20
Disease of inner ear: Vertigo – classification, causes, investigations and management (special mention of Meniere’s disease, positional vertigo and acoustic neuroma)Introduction to diseases of ear Topics: Diseases of external ear (with special mention on wax, otomycosis, foreign body, keratosis and malignant otitis externa. Diseases of middle ear: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media – TTD, AAD, complications of middle ear infections. Deafness – classification, causes, investigations, early detection of deafness in children and rehabilitation (special mention to audiometry, otosclerosis, learning and speech rehabilitation.Acute sinusitis (in detail), chronic sinusitis (in detail)Complications of infections of nose and paranasal sinusesFacio-maxillary injuries (in detail), epistaxis, DNS and nasal polyp (special emphasis on FESS)Rhinitis – etiology, classification and management (special mention of allergic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis and allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis.)Tumours of nose and PNS (special mention of inverted papilloma, naso-pharyngeal angiofibroma and malignancy)Dysphagia – causes, investigations and management (special mention of malignancy)Foreign bodies of aero-digestive tract – diagnosis, management and complications, endoscopies in ENTHoarseness – diagnosis and managementMalignant lesions of larynx and laryngo-pharynxNeck space infections – Ludwig’s angina, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscessStridor – diagnosis and managementTonsils and adenoids (special mention of Qunisy, patches in oral cavity and pharynx)
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
Sec 21
Asphyxial deaths: Definition, causes, types, post-mortem appearances and medico legal significance of violent asphyxia deaths like hanging, strangulation, suffocation, smothering, choking, drowning, traumatic asphyxia.Blood – preservation and dispatch of samples, importance of blood groups in disputed paternity, hazards of blood transfusion.Principles of laboratory tests for identification of the above and interpretation of the results.Seminal and salivary stains preservation, dispatch and importance of grouping.Court procedures. Summons, warrant, Conduct money, Oath / affirmation, types of witnesses, recording of evidence, conduct of doctor in witness box, perjury, hostile witness.Courts in India and their powers. Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions Court, Assistant Sessions Court and Magistrate Courts.Death sexDefinition of forensic medicine, forensic pathology and medical jurisprudenceAlgor mortis, Livor mortis, Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening, heat stiffeningCommon post mortem artifacts.Decomposition, modified forms of decomposition, estimation of time since death.Civil and criminal responsibilities of mentally ill persons.Definition and brief overview of common mental illnesses.Indian mental health act with special reference to admission, care and discharge of mentally ill persons.True and feigned mental illnesses.Abortion, MTP, sexual sterilization, artificial insemination and their legal aspects.Legal aspects of the above.Potency, sterility, virginity, pregnancy, delivery.Sexual offences and abnormal sexual practices.Definition.Identification of persons, dead bodies and remains of a person by sex, age, biometry, dental features, scars, moles, tattoos, dactylography, personal belongings, photography, superimposition, DNA.Infant and childhood deaths: Viability and determination of intrauterine age of the foetus, live birth, still birth, dead born. Sudden infant death syndrome, child abuse.Inquest proceduresIntroduction to the subject, historical aspects of forensic medicineClassification of injuries, description of blunt force and sharp force injuries.Definition of wound, injury, hurt, assault, battery.Fire arms – principles, types, examination and interpretation of fire arm wounds. Comparison microscopy.Injuries due to physical agents and their medico legal importance: Heat, cold, electricity and lightning. Explosion injuries.Injuries due to traffic occurrences.Medico legal aspects of injuries: Difference between ante mortem and post-mortem injuries, determination of different types of injuries, defense wounds, hesitation cuts, fabricated injuries, simple and grievous hurt, suicidal, accidental and homicidal injuries, causes of death by mechanical injuries, legal classification of fatal injuries.Regional injuries: Injuries to head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, genitalia, vertebral column and bones.Medical certificates and medico legal reports. Birth, death, wound, drunkenness, potency, offence cases, intimation, notification.Certification of births, deaths, illness, fitness, disability.Consent: Types, age in relation to consent, consent in relation to mental illness and alcohol intoxication, consent in emergency situations.Consumer protection act.Duties and rights and privileges of a registered medical practitioner.Indian medical council and state medical councils, their functions and disciplinary control.Medical negligence: Civil, criminal, contributory negligence, vicarious responsibility, res ipsa loquitur, prevention of medical negligence and defence in medical negligence suits.Professional conduct, etiquette and ethics in medical practice.Professional secrecy and privileged communication.Medico legal aspects of deaths due to starvation-forced feeding.Definition of medico legal and clinical / pathological autopsy.Objectives, procedures and formalities of medico legal autopsy.Preservation of articles and tissues of importance during autopsy.Chloral hydrateConvulsants: Strychnine.Definition and general principles of management of a case of poisoning.Animal poisons: snake and scorpion bites.Asphyxiants: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide and Cyanides.Cardiac Poisons: Cerbera Odollam, Cerbera thevitia, Nerium odorum.Corrosive poisons: strong mineral acids, alkalies and organic acids – (carbolic, formic and oxalic acid).Deliriants: Dhatura, Cannabis and Cocaine.Inebriants: Methyl and Ethyl alcohol.Insecticides: Organophosphorous compounds, carbamates and Organocholoro compounds, Aluminium phosphide and Zinc phosphide.Metallic poisons: Lead, Arsenic and Iron.Drug abuse and dependence.Inorganic non metallic poisons: Phosphorous.Mechanical poisons.Medico legal duties of a doctor in a case of poisoning, preservation dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis. Role of chemical examiner’s laboratory and forensic science laboratory in brief.Organic vegetable irritants: Abrus precatorius, capsicum, calotropis, Semicarpus anacardium, Croton.Paralytic agents: Curare.War gases and industrial gases.
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, CURRENT AFFAIRS & RENAISSANCE IN KERALA
Sec 22
General Knowledge and Current AffairsNovel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcSNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyakoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and othersAmendment Provisions of the Constitution.Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.Emergency Provisions.Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.Services under the Union and the States.Social Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 23
Antibacterial agents and antibiotic sensitivity testBacterial geneticsGrowth, nutrition culture mediaIdentification of bacteriaInfection – Source and spread of infectionIntroduction to microbiologyMorphology of bacteria comparison with other microbial formsResponse to microbial infectionsSterilisation and disinfectionAntigen, antibodiesAutoimmunityComplement in health and diseasesHLA antigens in health and diseasesHypersensitivityImmunodeficiency diseasesImmunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyIntroduction, classification, type and cells involved in immunitySerological test in medical practicesTumour and transplantationIntroduction – classification of fungi and general principles of lab diagnosisOppurtunistic fungiSubcutaneous infections – Mycetoma, RhinosporidiosisSuperficial infectionsSystematic mycosisHelminthus – intestinal nematodes, tissue nematodes, cestodes, trematodes – laboratory diagnosis of helminthic infectionsIntroduction of parasitic diseaseProtozoal infections – Amoebiasis, Plasmodium, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Trichomonas, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis – laboratory diagnosis of protozoal infectionClostridia, Nonsporing anaerobesGram negative Bacillus-Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Enterobacteria / YersiniaGram negative Cocci- NeisseriaGram positive Bacilli-Corynebacterium, Listeria, BacillusGram positive Cocci-Stapohylococci, Streptococci, PneumococciMycobacteria, Nocardia, ActinomycesMycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, ChlamydiaPseudomonas, Pasteurella, AcinetobacterSpirochetesVibrio / CampylobacterArbovirusesBacteriophagesGeneral characteristics of virusesHepatitis, MiscellaneousMyxovirusesOncogenic virusesPapova, RetrovirusPicorna virusPox virus, Herpes, AdenovirusReplication of virusRhabdo virusVirus host interaction
Medical
100 Marks
Senior Lecturer ||| Lecturer ||| Assistant Professor ||| Junior Consultant
The Kerala Public Service Commission (PSC) conducts examinations for the recruitment of Senior Lecturers, Lecturers, Assistant Professors, and Junior Consultants in various subjects within the Medical Education department.
75m
23s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#lecturer#assistant-professor#junior-consultant
Syllabus Explorer
HUMAN ANATOMY
Sec 1
Abdomen, Pelvis and PerineumBrain and Spinal CordGeneral AnatomyGeneral EmbryologyGeneticsHead and NeckLower LimbThoraxUpper Limb
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 2
Caesarean section (indications, complications)CPD, obstructed labourHypertonic contractions, hypotonic contractions and incoordinate uterine actionVaginal delivery after caesareanElderly primi, grand multipara, Rh negative, Gynaecological disorders complicating pregnancyIntrauterine deathIUGRMultiple pregnanciesPost datismPreterm laborPROM (Premature rupture of membranes)Abnormal presentations and management: Occipito posterior position, Breech presentation, transverse lie, brow/face presentationAbnormal puerperium: cause clinical presentation investigations and managementAbortions: Types, aetiopathology, investigations and managementAcute abdomenAdolescent medicine (Gynaecology)AnalgesiaAntenatal care: objectives of antenatal care routine antenatal check up, Assessment of period of gestation, obstetric examination, general examination, other system examinationClinical monitoring of maternal and fetal well being, detect abnormalityCommon problems in Pregnancy - Oedema, Pruritis, heart burn, piles, varicose veins, clothing and foot ware, exercise, sex, hygiene, nutrition, rest, drug in pregnancyContraception: various methods and devices, selection of patients, counselling of the Couples, follow up, side effects, complications, and failure ratesDrugs: Immunisation, drug prescription relevant blood examination, urine examination and interpretation of the results and physiological changes in pregnancyDummy pelvis, Mannequins resuscitation of newbornEctopic pregnancy: aetiopatholgy, early diagnosis, late diagnosis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and principles of management (conservative, medical and surgical)Colposcopy: Principles instrument, procedureHysteroscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, steps in present gynaecological practices and complications.Laproscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, complication, scope of laproscopy in gynaecological practicesFetal surveillanceFetomaternal medicine: Screening for congenital abnormalities, blood tests (maternal and fetal) Amniotic fluid analysis, fetal tissue biopsyBreast feedingFetal distress: definition, diagnosis and management neonatal resuscitation, care of newborn, examination of newborn and identifying congenital abnormalities, jaundice in newbornAbnormal menstruation – definition, classification, clinical features and principles of investigations, diagnosis and managementAbnormal menstruation:Abnormal vaginal discharge: causes, clinical examination, diagnosis, investigation and management. Counselling regarding prevention of STD’sAmenorrhoea: Definition, classification, causes, investigations and managementDysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding: Definition, causes, investigations and managementEndometriosis: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management, contraceptionGenital infections: STDs, PID, HIV infection and AIDS, genital TB – aetiopathology, diagnosis and principles of managementGenital injuries including fistulae: Causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and principles of management and preventionHormonal therapy: when to give, when not to give, type of hormones with dosage, duration of hormonal therapy, complications and contraindications for hormonal therapyInfertility: Types, definition, causes, counselling, examination of couple and essential investigations, ART: various methods of assisted reproductive techniques, setting up of ART labNeoplasms of genital tract – Benign and malignant, aetiopathology, clinical feature, diagnosis, principles of management and cancer screening and preventive aspectsNormal menstrual cycle – physiology of menstruationHyperemesis gravidarum: definition, aetiopathology, clinical features advice and drug therapyAnaemia in pregnancyDiabetes in pregnancyHeart disease complicating pregnancyHypertensive disorders of pregnancyJaundice in pregnancy Haemorrhage and coagulation disorders in obstetrics and immunology in pregnancyThyroid disorders, immunological disorders like SLE, ACLA, and thrombophilia complicating pregnancyUTI, hepatitis, TB, chest disease complicating pregnancyVeneral disease, infections, HIV complicating pregnancyMTP Act, Legal and ethical aspects, methods, complications and managementAcceleration of labor and drugs used in laborActive management of third stage of laborDelivery: stages of labour, management of first of labourInduction of labor (various methods of induction – merits and demerits)Labour monitoring partogram, Labour analgesiaManagement of second stage of labour (vaginal delivery with episiotomy)Management of third stage of labor:Mechanism of labourOther complications of third stage of labor and managementPhysiology of onset of labor, fetal skull and pelvisPrevention of PPH, Management of PPHOperative gynaecology: Abnormal hysterectomyOperative gynaecology: Correction of enterocele, diagnosis and operation for vault prolapseOperative gynaecology: Indications, complications of D&C, cervical biopsyOperative gynaecology: Medical termination of pregnancy, evacuation of incomplete Abortion tubal ligation, IUCD insertionOperative gynaecology: Ovarian tumoursOperative gynaecology: Radical procedure for malignancyOperative gynaecology: Vaginal hysterectomy, sling proceduresAssisted breech delivery, breech extractionCaesarean sectionCervical encirclage extra amniotic instillation and manual removal of placentaExternal cephalic version, internal podalic versionIndication and steps of the procedure of episiotomyInstrumental evacuationVacuum extraction, forceps deliveryManagement of fever, skin wound complications, complications like burst abdomen, intraperitoneal bleeding and intra peritoneal collections, instruments, specimens etc.Routine management of postoperative patient like IV fluids, drugs, antibiotics, ambulation, nutritionPregnancy - Diagnosis, Clinical features, differential diagnosis, relevant tests and the principles underlying the testsRecurrent pregnancy loss: causes, investigations and managementTrophoblastic diseases: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, long term follow up and complicationsUltrasound examinationUltrasound MRI in obstetrics: diagnostic and interventionalUrological problems
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 3
Acute conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Allergic conjunctivitis, Pingencula, pterygium, Xerosis/ bitot spots, Dry eye, Angular conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, subconj hemorrhager, D/D of conjunctival and limbal noduleAngle closure glaucoma, open angle glaucoma, steroid induced glaucoma, lens induced glaucoma including surgery and managementAwareness of amblyopia, types of squint, paralytic, non-paralyticCataract and management, cong. Conditions, surgery and complications, lens abnormality, secondary glaucomas, congenital glaucomaCauses of blindnessCauses of sudden / partial / painless dimension of visionCentral retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma, Pappilledema, optic neuritis, optic atrophyChemical injuries, open globe injuries, closed globe injuries and first aid treatment including sympathetic injuries.Chronic conjunctivitis, Dry eye, membraneous conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitisChronic side effects of systemic medication, local anaesthetics, viscoelastics, steroid and NSAIDSCommon causes of proptosis, orbital cellulites, cavernous sinus thrombosisCorneal Inflammations: Corneal ulcers-bacterial, fungal, viral, Mooren’s ulcer, Vitamin A deficiency and keratomalacia, exposure keratitis, neuroparlytic keratitis, corneal blindness, eye banking, eye donation, keratoplasty, arcus senilis, corneal oedema, deep / interstitial keratitis, degenerations and dystrophies, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Dacryocystitis – congenital, acute, chronic, epiphoraDefinition and types of blindness.Ectropion entropion, trichiasis, ptosis, Iagophthalmos, symblepharon, blepharitis, Chalazion, refractive error, myopia, hypermetropia, Astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia / pseduophakia, Anisometropia, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Enucleation – Indication, techniqueEye and systemic diseases including AIDSEye campsFundus changes in diabetes, hypertension, anaemias, pregnancy induced hypertension, haematological disorders, myopiaIridocylitis, Panophthalmitis, EndophthalmitisLasers in OphthalmologyNPCB, Vision 2020Ocular malignancy – retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma of choroidPharmacologyPhotocoagulationPromotion of eye donationRetinal vascular diseasesScleritis, episcleritisSiderosis bulbi, Chalcosis, medico legal aspects.Symptomatic disturbances of vision, overview of recent advances in ophthalmologySynchisis syntillans, Asteroid hyalosis.Systemic associations of uveitis, Choroiditis, Coloboma iris, ocular albinism, vitreous hemorrhage – causes
PSYCHIATRY
Sec 4
Aetiological factors in psychiatric disordersBipolar disordersClassification of psychiatric disordersClinical interview and mental state examinationDepressive disordersLegal aspects of psychiatryMajor manifestation of psychiatric illnessNeurotic, stress related and somatoform disordersOrganic brain syndromeSchizophreniaSleep disordersSubstance abuseTreatments used in psychiatric illness
FAMILY WELFARE
Sec 5
In female – Barrier contraception, female condom, IUCD, tubectomy etc.In male – Condom, vasectomy (NSV) etcCommunity Medicine: The need for Family Welfare Planning, organization of Family Planning service, Health Education in relating to Family Planning, Nutrition, Physiological need of the mother, the child and the family Demography and the vital statisticsPediatrics: Problems of child health in relation to large family: organization of pediatric services, nutritional problems of mother and child, childhood diseases due to over crowding.Contraindications for administration of contraceptives. Side effects of contraceptivesMode of action and administration of chemical contraceptives and oral contraceptivePhysiology, endocrine and regulation of reproduction in the female. The safe period-rhythm method of contraception, principle of use of oral contraceptives.
SURGERY AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 6
Arteries - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, trauma, acute ischaemia, chronic ischaemia, Arterial aneurysms and A. V. fistula, amputationsATLS, poly trauma, disaster managementBiliary system – congential disorders, gall stone, cholecystitis, CholangocarcinomaChest – diaphragm, mediastinum, chest injuries: Thoracic outlet compression syndrome, heart and pericardium, pleura and lungs.Critically injured patient including TriageDifferent types of wounds and their managementFluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional supportGastrointestinal tract – oesophagus, anatomy and physiology, congential anomalies, dysphagia, achalasia and other motility disorders, oesophageal perforation, gastrooesophageal reflux diseases, tumours.Genitourinary system – congenital conditions, trauma, infections, stones, hydronephrosis, tumours of kidney, tumours of bladder, retention of urinary bladder, haematuria, torsion, undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, carcinoma penis, phimosis, prostate testicular tumours, benign prostatic hypertrophy, carcinoma prostate, adrenal gland surgery pheochromacytoma and conn syndrome.Head and neck - Head injuries, facio maxillary injuries, salivary glands, mouth and face, cleft lip, cleft palate, oral cancers and premalignant conditions, jaw tumours, ranula, misc-Branchial cysts, arid fistula, carotid body tumours.Immunology and organ transplantation, HIV and surgeon, Hepatitis BLiver – Applied anatomy and physiology, trauma, liver abscess, cysts of the liver, portal hypertension, tumours, principles and management of obstructive jaundice.Lymphatics and lymph nodes - Applied Anatomy and physiology, lymph oedema – primary, secondary, lymph cyst – cystic hygromaInflammations – Lymphangitis, lymphadentis, malignant neoplasms – lymphomasMetabolic response to traumaMiscellaneous – Abdominal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, peritoneum and retroperitoneum, hernia and abdominal wall, mesentery, surgical audit and day care surgeryPancreas – Anatomy, development and physiology, congenital anomalies, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis including calcific pancreatitis, tumours, surgical jaundicePre-operative and post-operative care – emphasis on intensive care and high dependency sterilizationPrinciples of imaging techniquesPrinciples of Surgery, genetics, history of surgery, surgical ethicsRectum and anal canal – ano-rectal anomalies, prolapse, haemorrhoids, ano-rectal sepsis, fissure, fistula, tumourShock: Types, pathogenesis and management, Haemorrhage, Haemostasis, Blood transfusion, BurnsNormal structure – Ulcers, sinus and fistula, cysts and benign tumoursPre-malignant conditions, malignant tumours, skin coverSmall and large intestine – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease including typhoid, tuberculosis, tumours, intestinal obstruction.Spleen – Anatomy and physiology, trauma – splenic conservation, indication for splenectomyStomach and Duodenum – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital, peptic ulcer disease (APD), Upper GI haemorrhage, tumours, pyloric stenosisSurgical sepsis – specific infection, Nosocomial infection, antibiotic policySuture materials and anastomosisThyroid and parathyroid thyroglossal cyst and fistula Breast - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, fibrocystic diseases, inflammation, tumoursTraumaVeins - Applied anatomy and physiology, varicose veins and venous ulcers, DVT and superficial thrombophlebitisVermiform appendix – Anatomy, appendicitis, neoplasmWound healing and complications
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIO-PHYSICS
Sec 7
AuditionCardiovascular SystemEndocrinologyGastrointestinal SystemHematologyNerve - muscle physiologyNervous SystemPhysiology of ReproductionRenal SystemRespiratory SystemSkin and Temperature regulationSpecial Senses
PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 8
Autacoids and related drugsAutonomic nervous systemCardiovascular systemCentral nervous systemChemotherapyDrugs acting on Endocrine systemDrugs affecting blood and blood formationGeneral pharmacology and basic concepts of clinical pharmacologyGITInfective/Parasitic conditionsMedical emergenciesMiscellaneousNational health programmesRespiratory systemToxicology
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Sec 9
Basic epidemiologyBio-statisticsCharacteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multifactorial etiology of disease.Definition of health, holistic concepts of health including the concept of spiritual health, appreciation of health as a relative concept, dimensions and determinants of healthDefinition, concepts and evolution (history) of public healthHealth profile of IndiaIntroduction to various health indicatorsUnderstanding the concept of prevention and control of diseaseUnderstanding the natural history of disease and application of interventions at various levels of preventionsDemography and vital statisticsDevelopment and health interfaceDisabilityDisaster management(a)Stockholm convention(b)Basel convention(c)Kyoto ProtocolAwareness of standards of housing and its effect of housing on health.Concepts of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal.Concepts of water conservation, rainwater harvesting and global warming.Health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation pollution.Identifying the features of vectors and their control measures.Life cycles of vectors and advantages and limitations of various vector control measures.Mode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides.Physical, Chemical and bacteriological standards of drinking water quality and tests of assessing bacteriological quality of waterRadiation prevention and controlRecent issue in environmental health.Role of vectors in the causation of diseases.Urban waste management.Water: concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of waterborne diseases, water purification process, water quality standards.Epidemiology of specific diseases: Communicable and noncommunicableHealth care of elderlyHealth care system in IndiaHealth planning, management and administrationHealth promotion and education / communication for behavioural change (Information, education, communication)International healthLegislation and public healthMental health and behavioural problemsNutritionOccupational healthReproductive and child healthSchool healthAssessment of barriers to good health and health seeking behaviourAssessment of socio-economic status, effect of health and illness on socio-economic statusAttitude, Behaviour, habitsConcept of sociology and behavioural science, Clinico-socio-cultural and demographic evaluation of the individual, family and communityConflicts – internal, interpersonal and conflict resolutions, defense mechanismsDevelopment and health interface – poverty and health, poverty alleviation programme, health of the marginalized, sustainable and inclusive developmentDoctor-patient relationshipEmotions, frustrations, role of emotions in health and coping with emotionsEthicsGender and health including gender based violence, epidemiology of violence and its prevention and control life skill educationImpact of urbanization on health and diseaseIntelligence – IQ and EQLearning – Types and skillsPersonality – Types, Interpersonal relationshipsPoverty link to health and disease and poverty alleviation programmesRole of family in health and diseaseSocial psychology, community behaviour and community relationship, hospital sociology and psychologySocial security – health insurance: Organized sector, unorganized sector, special groups (Eg: elderly)Socio-cultural factors related to health and disease in the context of urban and rural societiesStress and coping skills – integrated (Psychiatry)Urban health
PAEDIATRIC
Sec 10
Behavioural problems in children - Enuresis, thumb sucking, breath holding, dyslexia, specific learning disorders, child rearing problems like infantile colic, growing pain etcCNS - Cerebral palsy, mental retardation, meningitis and encephalitis, seizure disorders and febrile seizures, microcephaly and hydrocephalus, floppy infant, therapeuticsCNS - Treatment of epilepsy, GBS, ADEMCommon chromosomal disorders and genetic counselling - Down’s syndrome, Turner syndrome.Common chromosomal disorders and genetic counselling - Fragile X and Genetic counselling,Common poisoning and accidents in children - Kerosene, Dhatura, paracetamol and iron, snake bite, burns etc.Connective tissue disorders - JRA, other vasculitis syndromes including SLE and HSP, Kawasaki diseaseCVS - Congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever and RHD, CCF, hypertension, infective endocarditis.Disorders of kidney - acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, urinary tract infectionEndocrine disorder - diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, short stature and intersex, ambigous genitalia, precocious pubertyDiarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis and hepatic failure, cirrhosis liver and portal hypertension.Helminthic infestations.Haemopoietic system - anaemia in children, bleeding disordersPoliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, childhood tuberculosis, typhoid fever, HIV infection, dengue and chikungunya, viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria. Pertussis, mumps, rubella, influenza, H1N1, seasonal epidemicsInnocent problems causing undue parental anxiety breath holding spell, evening colic, growing pain etc.Malignancies in children - leukemia, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, solid tumours, CNS tumours, new born respiratory distress in newborn, perinatal diagnosis and treatment, sepsis in newborn, assessment and management of asphyxia, thermoregulation in newborn congenital malformations, disorders of gestation and low birth weight, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, BFHI and feeding, normal variations intrauterine infections, neonatal seizuresNational programmes - IMNCI, RCH3, NRHM, Vitamin A, Iodine deficiency, IDSP, ARI, ADD, AFP & PPINutrition - BFHI, IYCF Nutritional assessment, SAM, specific vitamin deficiency disordersRespiratory system - Childhood asthma, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonias in children suppurative lung disease, smoking and environmental pollution, Croup syndromes
BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 11
Biochemistry of CancerCarbohydratesClinical ChemistryHaemoglobinLipidsMaintenance of HomeostasisMetabolism of Amino acidsMetabolism of LipidsMineral MetabolismNucleic Acids and Molecular BiologyPlasma Proteins and ImmunoglobulinsProteinsVitamins
RADIOLOGY
Sec 12
Biological changesEmergency radiologyGastrointestinal systemGenitourinary systemHepatobiliary systemNeuroimaging modalitiesProduction of X-raysSkeletal radiology chest and Mediastinum
DERMATOLOGY
Sec 13
Bullous skin lesion collagen disorderEczematous dermatitisGastrogenic disordersInfections of skinLeprosy and national leprosy control programmesLesions of skin appendagesMaculopapular,Neoplastic lesionsPigmentary disturbancesSquamous lesion
RADIOTHERAPY
Sec 14
Cancer epidemiology and possible etiological factors, screening for cancerCommon malignancies, diagnosis and treatmentHormone treatment in cancerMethods of radiotherapy and recent advancesPrinciples of cancer chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancerPrinciples of radiation oncology, radioactive sources – Teletherapy, Brachial therapy and nuclear medicine
ANAESTHESIOLOGY
Sec 15
Cardio-pulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, basic cardiac life support (BCLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)Complication in anaesthesia and post-operative periodEquipments in anaesthesia and methods of oxygen therapyGeneral anaesthesia – Basal anaesthesia triads of anaesthesia Inhalational agentsIntravenous anaesthetic agentsIntravenous fluid therapy, intraoperative monitoringIntroduction – scope of AnaesthesiologyMethods of pain reliefPre-anaesthetic check-up premedicationRegional analgesia – subarachnoid and epidural analgesia, other techniques of regional analgesia and agents used.
PATHOLOGY
Sec 16
Cardiovascular pathologyCell injuryCirculatory disturbancesDermato-pathologyEndocrine PathologyGrowth disturbancesHaematopathologyInfectious diseasesLiver and Biliary tract pathologyLymphoreticular system.Miscellaneous disordersNeuropathologyOsteopathologyPathology of gastrointestinal tractRenal and urinary tract pathologyReproductive system.Respiratory pathology
ORTHOPAEDICS
Sec 17
Bone, tumour, osteochondroma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst and enchondroma, giant cell tumour, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone diseases and osteogenesis imperfectaCDHCTEV and flat footIntervertebral disc prolapseNerve injuries – Radial nerve, ulnar nerve, sciatic nerve, amputations and osteoarthrosis hip, knee, cerebral palsyPerthe’s disease and slipped upper femoral epiphysisRheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitisRickets and osteomalaciaScoliosis and spondylothesisTorticollis, congential pseudoarthrosis of tibia and arthrgryphosis multiplex congenita ostemyelitis septic arthritis tuberculosis – spine, hip, knee, elbow, wrist and other sitesAnkle injuries – Pott’s fractureColle’s fracture and fracture scaphoidComplications of fracture – open fractures and pathological fractureDefinition of a fracture and types of fracture and general principles of management of fractureElbow dislocation and forearm fractureExtensor mechanism injuries of kneeFracture clavicle, fracture neck of humerus and shoulder dislocationFracture humems (Shaft) and supracondylar fractureFracture of tarsal bonesFracture pelvis and hip fracture – fracture of femurFracture spine and traumatic paraplegiaHand injuriesHip dislocation and fracture shaft of femurIntercondylar fracture and Olecranon fractureLeg fractureMeniscus tear and fracture patellaMonteggia fracture and Galeazzi’s fracture
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Sec 18
Disability evaluation – principles people with disabilities Act – 1995Introduction to physical medicine and rehabilitation disability process and progression of disabilities concept of Impairment / disability and hard capPain management principlesPrinciples of occupational therapy its application in the rehabilitation of various disabilitiesPrinciples of physical therapy – various modalities and therapeutic exercisesPrinciples of prosthetics and rehabilitation aids their application in the rehabilitation of disabilitiesPrinciples of rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo get exposed to the potentials of socia-vocation rehabilitation of the various describing conditions in the light of the 1995 Act people with disabilities (equal opportunities etc) Act 1995To get oriented to basic principles of community based rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo understand the basic principles of disability conclusion and for certification purposes
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Sec 19
Disease of inner ear: Vertigo – classification, causes, investigations and management (special mention of Meniere’s disease, positional vertigo and acoustic neuroma)Introduction to diseases of ear Topics: Diseases of external ear (with special mention on wax, otomycosis, foreign body, keratosis and malignant otitis externa. Diseases of middle ear: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media – TTD, AAD, complications of middle ear infections. Deafness – classification, causes, investigations, early detection of deafness in children and rehabilitation (special mention to audiometry, otosclerosis, learning and speech rehabilitation.Acute sinusitis (in detail), chronic sinusitis (in detail)Complications of infections of nose and paranasal sinusesFacio-maxillary injuries (in detail), epistaxis, DNS and nasal polyp (special emphasis on FESS)Rhinitis – etiology, classification and management (special mention of allergic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis and allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis.)Tumours of nose and PNS (special mention of inverted papilloma, naso-pharyngeal angiofibroma and malignancy)Dysphagia – causes, investigations and management (special mention of malignancy)Foreign bodies of aero-digestive tract – diagnosis, management and complications, endoscopies in ENTHoarseness – diagnosis and managementMalignant lesions of larynx and laryngo-pharynxNeck space infections – Ludwig’s angina, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscessStridor – diagnosis and managementTonsils and adenoids (special mention of Qunisy, patches in oral cavity and pharynx)
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
Sec 20
(a)Algor mortis, Livor mortis, Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening, heat stiffening(a)Blood – preservation and dispatch of samples, importance of blood groups in disputed paternity, hazards of blood transfusion.(a)Definition and brief overview of common mental illnesses.(a)Definition of medico legal and clinical / pathological autopsy.(a)Definition of wound, injury, hurt, assault, battery.(a)Definition.(a)Indian medical council and state medical councils, their functions and disciplinary control.(a)Potency, sterility, virginity, pregnancy, delivery.(b)Abortion, MTP, sexual sterilization, artificial insemination and their legal aspects.(b)Classification of injuries, description of blunt force and sharp force injuries.(b)Decomposition, modified forms of decomposition, estimation of time since death.(b)Duties and rights and privileges of a registered medical practitioner.(b)Identification of persons, dead bodies and remains of a person by sex, age, biometry, dental features, scars, moles, tattoos, dactylography, personal belongings, photography, superimposition, DNA.(b)Objectives, procedures and formalities of medico legal autopsy.(b)Seminal and salivary stains preservation, dispatch and importance of grouping.(b)True and feigned mental illnesses.(c)Civil and criminal responsibilities of mentally ill persons.(c)Common post mortem artifacts.(c)Fire arms – principles, types, examination and interpretation of fire arm wounds. Comparison microscopy.(c)Preservation of articles and tissues of importance during autopsy.(c)Principles of laboratory tests for identification of the above and interpretation of the results.(c)Professional conduct, etiquette and ethics in medical practice.(c)Sexual offences and abnormal sexual practices.(d)Indian mental health act with special reference to admission, care and discharge of mentally ill persons.(d)Legal aspects of the above.(d)Medico legal aspects of injuries: Difference between ante mortem and post-mortem injuries, determination of different types of injuries, defense wounds, hesitation cuts, fabricated injuries, simple and grievous hurt, suicidal, accidental and homicidal injuries, causes of death by mechanical injuries, legal classification of fatal injuries.(d)Professional secrecy and privileged communication.(e)Medical negligence: Civil, criminal, contributory negligence, vicarious responsibility, res ipsa loquitur, prevention of medical negligence and defence in medical negligence suits.(e)Regional injuries: Injuries to head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, genitalia, vertebral column and bones.(f)Consent: Types, age in relation to consent, consent in relation to mental illness and alcohol intoxication, consent in emergency situations.(f)Injuries due to traffic occurrences.(g)Consumer protection act.(g)Injuries due to physical agents and their medico legal importance: Heat, cold, electricity and lightning. Explosion injuries.(h)Certification of births, deaths, illness, fitness, disability.Asphyxial deaths: Definition, causes, types, post-mortem appearances and medico legal significance of violent asphyxia deaths like hanging, strangulation, suffocation, smothering, choking, drowning, traumatic asphyxia.Biological fluids:Court procedures. Summons, warrant, Conduct money, Oath / affirmation, types of witnesses, recording of evidence, conduct of doctor in witness box, perjury, hostile witness.Courts in India and their powers. Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions Court, Assistant Sessions Court and Magistrate Courts.Death sexDefinition of forensic medicine, forensic pathology and medical jurisprudenceDefinition, diagnosis and certification (as per MCCD rules), somatic, molecular and brain death. Sudden natural deaths, suspended animation. Changes after death.Forensic psychiatry:Human sexual functions:IdentificationInfant and childhood deaths: Viability and determination of intrauterine age of the foetus, live birth, still birth, dead born. Sudden infant death syndrome, child abuse.Inquest proceduresIntroduction to the subject, historical aspects of forensic medicineMechanical injuries or woundsMedical certificates and medico legal reports. Birth, death, wound, drunkenness, potency, offence cases, intimation, notification.Medical jurisprudence:Medico legal aspects of deaths due to starvation-forced feeding.Medico legal autopsy and exhumationChloral hydrateConvulsants: Strychnine.Definition and general principles of management of a case of poisoning.Diagnosis and principles of therapy and medico legal aspects of the following poisons, giving special emphasis to those of regional importance.Drug abuse and dependence.i)Corrosive poisons: strong mineral acids, alkalies and organic acids – (carbolic, formic and oxalic acid).ii)Metallic poisons: Lead, Arsenic and Iron.iii)Animal poisons: snake and scorpion bites.Inorganic non metallic poisons: Phosphorous.iv)Deliriants: Dhatura, Cannabis and Cocaine.Mechanical poisons.Medico legal duties of a doctor in a case of poisoning, preservation dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis. Role of chemical examiner’s laboratory and forensic science laboratory in brief.Organic vegetable irritants: Abrus precatorius, capsicum, calotropis, Semicarpus anacardium, Croton.Paralytic agents: Curare.v)Inebriants: Methyl and Ethyl alcohol.vi)Asphyxiants: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide and Cyanides.vii)Cardiac Poisons: Cerbera Odollam, Cerbera thevitia, Nerium odorum.viii)Insecticides: Organophosphorous compounds, carbamates and Organocholoro compounds, Aluminium phosphide and Zinc phosphide.War gases and industrial gases.
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, CURRENT AFFAIRS & RENAISSANCE IN KERALA
Sec 21
General Knowledge and Current AffairsNovel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcEfforts To Reform The SocietySNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, T K Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyakoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and othersAmendment Provisions of the Constitution.Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.Emergency Provisions.Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.Services under the Union and the States.Social Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 22
Antibacterial agents and antibiotic sensitivity testBacterial geneticsGrowth, nutrition culture mediaIdentification of bacteriaInfection – Source and spread of infectionIntroduction to microbiologyMorphology of bacteria comparison with other microbial formsResponse to microbial infectionsSterilisation and disinfectionClostridia, Nonsporing anaerobesGram negative Bacillus-Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Enterobacteria / YersiniaGram negative Cocci- NeisseriaGram positive Bacilli-Corynebacterium, Listeria, BacillusGram positive Cocci-Stapohylococci, Streptococci, PneumococciMycobacteria, Nocardia, ActinomycesMycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, ChlamydiaPseudomonas, Pasteurella, AcinetobacterSpirochetesVibrio / CampylobacterArbovirusesBacteriophagesGeneral characteristics of virusesHepatitis, MiscellaneousMyxovirusesOncogenic virusesPapova, RetrovirusPicorna virusPox virus, Herpes, AdenovirusReplication of virusRhabdo virusVirus host interactionAntigen, antibodiesAutoimmunityComplement in health and diseasesHLA antigens in health and diseasesHypersensitivityImmunodeficiency diseasesImmunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyIntroduction, classification, type and cells involved in immunitySerological test in medical practicesTumour and transplantationHelminthus – intestinal nematodes, tissue nematodes, cestodes, trematodes – laboratory diagnosis of helminthic infectionsIntroduction of parasitic diseaseProtozoal infections – Amoebiasis, Plasmodium, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Trichomonas, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis – laboratory diagnosis of protozoal infectionIntroduction – classification of fungi and general principles of lab diagnosisOppurtunistic fungiSubcutaneous infections – Mycetoma, RhinosporidiosisSuperficial infectionsSystematic mycosis
MEDICINE AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 23
(a)Nutrition requirements(b)Protein calorie malnutrition in adults(c)Obesity(d)Vitamin deficiencies(e)Vitamin excess(f)Hypo and Hypervitaminosis A & D(a)Hypovolemia and dehydration(b)Acidosis(c)Alkalosis(d)Hyponatremia + Hypernatremia(e)Hypokalemia + HyperkalemiaIII.Disturbance of body temperatureAcute viral hepatitis chronicAmoebiasisApproach to fever and PUOBrucellosisChickenpox,ChickungunyaCommon exanthematous feversCommon fungal infectionsCommon gram negative infectionsCommon gram positive infectionsDengue fever,FilariasisGastroenteritis, Cholera, food poisoningHelminthic infections, Bacillary dysenteryHerpes zosterHIV AIDSInfluenza and other respiratory viral infectionsLeptospirosisLRTI – Bronchitis and community acquired pneumoniaMeningitisRabiesRicketsiaSepsisSkin and soft tissue infections including cellulitisTetanusTuberculosisTyphoid,URI including sinusitisUTIViral hepatitis malariaAnaphylaxis, Urticaria, AngioedemasImmune reactionImmunoglobulinRole of B and T LymphocytesCardiac failureCardiomyopathiesCongenital heart disordersCoronary artery diseasesCoronary circulationCorpulomonaleDVT + pulmonary embolismECG and X-ray interpretationHypertension and hypertensive heart diseaseInfective endocarditisPericardial diseasePeripheral vascular diseasesRheumatic fever and RHDRhythm disturbancesV.Primary Immune deficiency disordersClinical Genetics(a)Common poisonings organophosphate and carbamate sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, TCA, Rat poison + paracetamol, formic acid, methyl alcohol, Odollum(b)Bites and stings, snake bite, scorpion sting + others(c)Alcohol abuse(d)Radiation hazards(e)Hanging, drowning, electrical injuriesVIII.Medical disorders in pregnancyAbdominal tuberculosisAcid peptic diseasesApproach to patient with AscitesApproach to patient with JaundiceChronic liver diseaseDisease of colon and rectumDrug / toxin induced hepatitis and NASHHaemochromatosis and Wilson’s diseaseIBSInflammatory bowel diseaseMalabsorption syndrome and tropical spruePhysiology of absorption and investigation proceduresUpper GI bleedBronchial asthmaBronchogenic carcinomaCOPDILDPleural diseasesRespiratory failureSuppurative lung diseaseAcute LeukemiasAplastic anaemia + AgranulocytosisBleeding disordersChronic LeukemiasCoagulation disordersDeficiency anaemiaHaemolytic anaemias FeHUS and TTPLymphomaMacrocyte and Megaloblastic anaemiaPlasma cell disordersPolycythemiaAcute renal failureChronic renal failureGlomerular diseaseNephrotic syndrome RFTAnatomyApproach to a case of vertigoCerebellar disordersCNS tuberculosisDementias, DeliriumDemyelinationEndocrine disease related to gonadsExtrapyramidal disordersFunctionalHemorrhagic strokeMigraine and cluster headacheMotor neuron disease and myastheniaPeripheral NeuropathyPhysiology and InvestigationPituitary dysfunction and tumourSeizures and epilepsy IschemicSpinal cord disordersStrokeAssessment and treatment of chronic painDrug therapy in elderlyNormal ageing and age-related common problemsAcute LVF + Acute severe asthmaApproach to comaBioterrorism and disaster managementCardiopulmonary resuscitation statusDICEmergency management of acute coronary syndromeEpilepticsManagement of hepatic encephalopathySevere sepsis and shockApproach to chronic backacheDegenerative joint disordersInflammatory muscle diseaseRheumatoid arthritisSLESpondyloarthopathiesAddison’s diseaseCushings disease + syndromeDiabetes MellitusHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMetabolic bone disease + Osteoporosis + Vitamin deficiencyParathyroid disorders + TetanyThyroiditis and other thyroid disordersCommon adverse reactionsCommon drug interactionsGeneral principles of drug therapyMonitoring drug therapyRational prescription writing
Medical
100 Marks
Senior Lecturer ||| Lecturer ||| Assistant Surgeon ||| Casualty Medical Officer
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts recruitment for posts such as Assistant Surgeon/Casualty Medical Officer in the Health Services Department. Candidates applying for the exam must have an MBBS Degree or equivalent in Modern Medicine and a valid registration with the Travancore-Cochin Medical Council.
90m
23s
#kerala-psc#medical#assistant-surgeon#lecturer#mbbs
Syllabus Explorer
HUMAN ANATOMY
Sec 1
Abdomen, Pelvis and PerineumBrain and Spinal CordGeneral AnatomyGeneral EmbryologyGeneticsHead and NeckLower LimbThoraxUpper Limb
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 2
Abnormal presentations and management: Occipito posterior position, Breech presentation, transverse lie, brow/face presentationCaesarean section (indications, complications)CPD, obstructed labourHypertonic contractions, hypotonic contractions and incoordinate uterine actionVaginal delivery after caesareanAbnormal labor:Elderly primi, grand multipara, Rh negative, Gynaecological disorders complicating pregnancyIntrauterine deathIUGRMultiple pregnanciesPost datismPreterm laborPROM (Premature rupture of membranes)Abnormal pregnancy:Abnormal puerperium: cause clinical presentation investigations and managementAbortions: Types, aetiopathology, investigations and managementAntenatal care: objectives of antenatal care routine antenatal check up, Assessment of period of gestation, obstetric examination, general examination, other system examinationClinical monitoring of maternal and fetal well being, detect abnormalityBreast feedingCommon problems in Pregnancy - Oedema, Pruritis, heart burn, piles, varicose veins, clothing and foot ware, exercise, sex, hygiene, nutrition, rest, drug in pregnancyDrugs: Immunisation, drug prescription relevant blood examination, urine examination and interpretation of the results and physiological changes in pregnancyContraception: various methods and devices, selection of patients, counselling of the Couples, follow up, side effects, complications, and failure ratesDummy pelvis, Mannequins resuscitation of newbornEctopic pregnancy: aetiopatholgy, early diagnosis, late diagnosis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and principles of management (conservative, medical and surgical)Fetal surveillanceFetomaternal medicine: Screening for congenital abnormalities, blood tests (maternal and fetal) Amniotic fluid analysis, fetal tissue biopsyFetal distress: definition, diagnosis and management neonatal resuscitation, care of newborn, examination of newborn and identifying congenital abnormalities, jaundice in newbornFetus and newborn:GynaecologyAbnormal menstruation – definition, classification, clinical features and principles of investigations, diagnosis and managementAmenorrhoea: Definition, classification, causes, investigations and managementDysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding: Definition, causes, investigations and managementHormonal therapy: when to give, when not to give, type of hormones with dosage, duration of hormonal therapy, complications and contraindications for hormonal therapyNormal menstrual cycle – physiology of menstruationAbnormal menstruation:Abnormal vaginal discharge: causes, clinical examination, diagnosis, investigation and management. Counselling regarding prevention of STD’sAcute abdomenAdolescent medicine (Gynaecology)AnalgesiaEndocrinologyEndometriosis: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management, contraceptionEndoscopy in gynaecological practiceColposcopy: Principles instrument, procedureHysteroscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, steps in present gynaecological practices and complications.Laproscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, complication, scope of laproscopy in gynaecological practicesGenital infections: STDs, PID, HIV infection and AIDS, genital TB – aetiopathology, diagnosis and principles of managementGenital injuries including fistulae: Causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and principles of management and preventionInfertility: Types, definition, causes, counselling, examination of couple and essential investigations, ART: various methods of assisted reproductive techniques, setting up of ART labNeoplasms of genital tract – Benign and malignant, aetiopathology, clinical feature, diagnosis, principles of management and cancer screening and preventive aspectsAbnormal hysterectomyCorrection of enterocele, diagnosis and operation for vault prolapseMedical termination of pregnancy, evacuation of incomplete Abortion tubal ligation, IUCD insertionOvarian tumoursRadical procedure for malignancyVaginal hysterectomy, sling proceduresOperative gynaecology: Indications, complications of D&C, cervical biopsyManagement of fever, skin wound complications, complications like burst abdomen, intraperitoneal bleeding and intra peritoneal collections, instruments, specimens etc.Routine management of postoperative patient like IV fluids, drugs, antibiotics, ambulation, nutritionPost operative management:Urological problemsHyperemesis gravidarum: definition, aetiopathology, clinical features advice and drug therapyAnaemia in pregnancyDiabetes in pregnancyHeart disease complicating pregnancyHypertensive disorders of pregnancyJaundice in pregnancy Haemorrhage and coagulation disorders in obstetrics and immunology in pregnancyThyroid disorders, immunological disorders like SLE, ACLA, and thrombophilia complicating pregnancyUTI, hepatitis, TB, chest disease complicating pregnancyVeneral disease, infections, HIV complicating pregnancyMedical disorders in pregnancy:MTP Act, Legal and ethical aspects, methods, complications and managementMedical termination of pregnancy:Normal LabourAcceleration of labor and drugs used in laborDelivery: stages of labour, management of first of labourInduction of labor (various methods of induction – merits and demerits)Labour monitoring partogram, Labour analgesiaManagement of second stage of labour (vaginal delivery with episiotomy)Active management of third stage of laborOther complications of third stage of labor and managementPrevention of PPH, Management of PPHManagement of third stage of labor:Mechanism of labourPhysiology of onset of labor, fetal skull and pelvisOperative obstetricsAssisted breech delivery, breech extractionCaesarean sectionCervical encirclage extra amniotic instillation and manual removal of placentaExternal cephalic version, internal podalic versionIndication and steps of the procedure of episiotomyInstrumental evacuationVacuum extraction, forceps deliveryPregnancy - Diagnosis, Clinical features, differential diagnosis, relevant tests and the principles underlying the testsRecurrent pregnancy loss: causes, investigations and managementTrophoblastic diseases: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, long term follow up and complicationsUltrasound examinationUltrasound MRI in obstetrics: diagnostic and interventional
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 3
Acute conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Allergic conjunctivitis, Pingencula, pterygium, Xerosis/ bitot spots, Dry eye, Angular conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, subconj hemorrhager, D/D of conjunctival and limbal noduleAngle closure glaucoma, open angle glaucoma, steroid induced glaucoma, lens induced glaucoma including surgery and managementAwareness of amblyopia, types of squint, paralytic, non-paralyticCataract and management, cong. Conditions, surgery and complications, lens abnormality, secondary glaucomas, congenital glaucomaCauses of blindnessCauses of sudden / partial / painless dimension of visionCentral retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma, Pappilledema, optic neuritis, optic atrophyChemical injuries, open globe injuries, closed globe injuries and first aid treatment including sympathetic injuries.Chronic conjunctivitis, Dry eye, membraneous conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitisChronic side effects of systemic medication, local anaesthetics, viscoelastics, steroid and NSAIDSCommon causes of proptosis, orbital cellulites, cavernous sinus thrombosisCorneal Inflammations: Corneal ulcers-bacterial, fungal, viral, Mooren’s ulcer, Vitamin A deficiency and keratomalacia, exposure keratitis, neuroparlytic keratitis, corneal blindness, eye banking, eye donation, keratoplasty, arcus senilis, corneal oedema, deep / interstitial keratitis, degenerations and dystrophies, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Dacryocystitis – congenital, acute, chronic, epiphoraDefinition and types of blindness.Ectropion entropion, trichiasis, ptosis, Iagophthalmos, symblepharon, blepharitis, Chalazion, refractive error, myopia, hypermetropia, Astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia / pseduophakia, Anisometropia, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Enucleation – Indication, techniqueEye and systemic diseases including AIDSEye campsFundus changes in diabetes, hypertension, anaemias, pregnancy induced hypertension, haematological disorders, myopiaIridocylitis, Panophthalmitis, EndophthalmitisLasers in OphthalmologyNPCB, Vision 2020Ocular malignancy – retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma of choroidPharmacologyPhotocoagulationPromotion of eye donationRetinal vascular diseasesScleritis, episcleritisSiderosis bulbi, Chalcosis, medico legal aspects.Symptomatic disturbances of vision, overview of recent advances in ophthalmologySynchisis syntillans, Asteroid hyalosis.Systemic associations of uveitis, Choroiditis, Coloboma iris, ocular albinism, vitreous hemorrhage – causes
PSYCHIATRY
Sec 4
Aetiological factors in psychiatric disordersBipolar disordersClassification of psychiatric disordersClinical interview and mental state examinationDepressive disordersLegal aspects of psychiatryMajor manifestation of psychiatric illnessNeurotic, stress related and somatoform disordersOrganic brain syndromeSchizophreniaSleep disordersSubstance abuseTreatments used in psychiatric illness
FAMILY WELFARE
Sec 5
Applied anatomy of mechanical methods for prevention of conceptionIn female – Barrier contraception, female condom, IUCD, tubectomy etc.In male – Condom, vasectomy (NSV) etcCommunity Medicine: The need for Family Welfare Planning, organization of Family Planning service, Health Education in relating to Family Planning, Nutrition, Physiological need of the mother, the child and the family Demography and the vital statisticsPediatrics: Problems of child health in relation to large family: organization of pediatric services, nutritional problems of mother and child, childhood diseases due to over crowding.Contraindications for administration of contraceptives. Side effects of contraceptivesMode of action and administration of chemical contraceptives and oral contraceptivePharmacology:Physiology, endocrine and regulation of reproduction in the female. The safe period-rhythm method of contraception, principle of use of oral contraceptives.
SURGERY AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 6
Arteries - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, trauma, acute ischaemia, chronic ischaemia, Arterial aneurysms and A. V. fistula, amputationsATLS, poly trauma, disaster managementBiliary system – congential disorders, gall stone, cholecystitis, CholangocarcinomaChest – diaphragm, mediastinum, chest injuries: Thoracic outlet compression syndrome, heart and pericardium, pleura and lungs.Critically injured patient including TriageDifferent types of wounds and their managementFluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional supportGastrointestinal tract – oesophagus, anatomy and physiology, congential anomalies, dysphagia, achalasia and other motility disorders, oesophageal perforation, gastrooesophageal reflux diseases, tumours.Genitourinary system – congenital conditions, trauma, infections, stones, hydronephrosis, tumours of kidney, tumours of bladder, retention of urinary bladder, haematuria, torsion, undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, carcinoma penis, phimosis, prostate testicular tumours, benign prostatic hypertrophy, carcinoma prostate, adrenal gland surgery pheochromacytoma and conn syndrome.Head and neck - Head injuries, facio maxillary injuries, salivary glands, mouth and face, cleft lip, cleft palate, oral cancers and premalignant conditions, jaw tumours, ranula, misc-Branchial cysts, arid fistula, carotid body tumours.Immunology and organ transplantation, HIV and surgeon, Hepatitis BInflammations – Lymphangitis, lymphadentis, malignant neoplasms – lymphomasLiver – Applied anatomy and physiology, trauma, liver abscess, cysts of the liver, portal hypertension, tumours, principles and management of obstructive jaundice.Lymphatics and lymph nodes - Applied Anatomy and physiology, lymph oedema – primary, secondary, lymph cyst – cystic hygromaMetabolic response to traumaMiscellaneous – Abdominal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, peritoneum and retroperitoneum, hernia and abdominal wall, mesentery, surgical audit and day care surgeryPancreas – Anatomy, development and physiology, congenital anomalies, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis including calcific pancreatitis, tumours, surgical jaundicePre-operative and post-operative care – emphasis on intensive care and high dependency sterilizationPrinciples of imaging techniquesPrinciples of Surgery, genetics, history of surgery, surgical ethicsRectum and anal canal – ano-rectal anomalies, prolapse, haemorrhoids, ano-rectal sepsis, fissure, fistula, tumourShock: Types, pathogenesis and management, Haemorrhage, Haemostasis, Blood transfusion, BurnsSkin and soft tissuesNormal structure – Ulcers, sinus and fistula, cysts and benign tumoursPre-malignant conditions, malignant tumours, skin coverSmall and large intestine – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease including typhoid, tuberculosis, tumours, intestinal obstruction.Spleen – Anatomy and physiology, trauma – splenic conservation, indication for splenectomyStomach and Duodenum – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital, peptic ulcer disease (APD), Upper GI haemorrhage, tumours, pyloric stenosisSurgical sepsis – specific infection, Nosocomial infection, antibiotic policySuture materials and anastomosisThyroid and parathyroid thyroglossal cyst and fistula Breast - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, fibrocystic diseases, inflammation, tumoursTraumaVeins - Applied anatomy and physiology, varicose veins and venous ulcers, DVT and superficial thrombophlebitisVermiform appendix – Anatomy, appendicitis, neoplasmWound healing and complications
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIO-PHYSICS
Sec 7
AuditionCardiovascular SystemEndocrinologyGastrointestinal SystemHematologyNerve - muscle physiologyNervous SystemPhysiology of ReproductionRenal SystemRespiratory SystemSkin and Temperature regulationSpecial Senses
PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 8
Autacoids and related drugsAutonomic nervous systemCardiovascular systemCentral nervous systemChemotherapyDrugs acting on Endocrine systemDrugs affecting blood and blood formationGeneral pharmacology and basic concepts of clinical pharmacologyGITInfective/Parasitic conditionsMedical emergenciesMiscellaneousNational health programmesRespiratory systemToxicology
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Sec 9
Basic epidemiologyBio-statisticsConcept of health and diseaseCharacteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multifactorial etiology of disease.Definition of health, holistic concepts of health including the concept of spiritual health, appreciation of health as a relative concept, dimensions and determinants of healthDefinition, concepts and evolution (history) of public healthHealth profile of IndiaIntroduction to various health indicatorsUnderstanding the concept of prevention and control of diseaseUnderstanding the natural history of disease and application of interventions at various levels of preventionsDemography and vital statisticsDevelopment and health interfaceDisabilityDisaster managementEnvironment and HealthAwareness of standards of housing and its effect of housing on health.Concepts of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal.Concepts of water conservation, rainwater harvesting and global warming.Health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation pollution.Identifying the features of vectors and their control measures.Life cycles of vectors and advantages and limitations of various vector control measures.Mode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides.Physical, Chemical and bacteriological standards of drinking water quality and tests of assessing bacteriological quality of waterRadiation prevention and controlBasel conventionKyoto ProtocolStockholm conventionRecent issue in environmental health.Role of vectors in the causation of diseases.Urban waste management.Water: concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of waterborne diseases, water purification process, water quality standards.Epidemiology of specific diseases: Communicable and noncommunicableHealth care of elderlyHealth care system in IndiaHealth planning, management and administrationHealth promotion and education / communication for behavioural change (Information, education, communication)International healthLegislation and public healthMental health and behavioural problemsNutritionOccupational healthReproductive and child healthSchool healthSocial and behavioural sciencesAssessment of barriers to good health and health seeking behaviourAssessment of socio-economic status, effect of health and illness on socio-economic statusAttitude, Behaviour, habitsConcept of sociology and behavioural science, Clinico-socio-cultural and demographic evaluation of the individual, family and communityConflicts – internal, interpersonal and conflict resolutions, defense mechanismsDevelopment and health interface – poverty and health, poverty alleviation programme, health of the marginalized, sustainable and inclusive developmentDoctor-patient relationshipEmotions, frustrations, role of emotions in health and coping with emotionsEthicsGender and health including gender based violence, epidemiology of violence and its prevention and control life skill educationImpact of urbanization on health and diseaseIntelligence – IQ and EQLearning – Types and skillsPersonality – Types, Interpersonal relationshipsPoverty link to health and disease and poverty alleviation programmesRole of family in health and diseaseSocial psychology, community behaviour and community relationship, hospital sociology and psychologySocial security – health insurance: Organized sector, unorganized sector, special groups (Eg: elderly)Socio-cultural factors related to health and disease in the context of urban and rural societiesStress and coping skills – integrated (Psychiatry)Urban health
PAEDIATRIC
Sec 10
Behavioural problems in children - Enuresis, thumb sucking, breath holding, dyslexia, specific learning disorders, child rearing problems like infantile colic, growing pain etcCNS - Cerebral palsy, mental retardation, meningitis and encephalitis, seizure disorders and febrile seizures, microcephaly and hydrocephalus, floppy infant, therapeuticsTreatment of epilepsy, GBS, ADEMCommon chromosomal disorders and genetic counselling - Down’s syndrome, Turner syndrome.Fragile X and Genetic counselling,Common poisoning and accidents in children - Kerosene, Dhatura, paracetamol and iron, snake bite, burns etc.Connective tissue disorders - JRA, other vasculitis syndromes including SLE and HSP, Kawasaki diseaseCVS - Congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever and RHD, CCF, hypertension, infective endocarditis.Disorders of kidney - acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, urinary tract infectionEndocrine disorder - diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, short stature and intersex, ambigous genitalia, precocious pubertyGastrointestinal tract and liver disorderDiarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis and hepatic failure, cirrhosis liver and portal hypertension.Helminthic infestations.Haemopoietic system - anaemia in children, bleeding disordersPoliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, childhood tuberculosis, typhoid fever, HIV infection, dengue and chikungunya, viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria. Pertussis, mumps, rubella, influenza, H1N1, seasonal epidemicsInnocent problems causing undue parental anxiety breath holding spell, evening colic, growing pain etc.Malignancies in children - leukemia, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, solid tumours, CNS tumours, new born respiratory distress in newborn, perinatal diagnosis and treatment, sepsis in newborn, assessment and management of asphyxia, thermoregulation in newborn congenital malformations, disorders of gestation and low birth weight, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, BFHI and feeding, normal variations intrauterine infections, neonatal seizuresNational programmes - IMNCI, RCH3, NRHM, Vitamin A, Iodine deficiency, IDSP, ARI, ADD, AFP & PPINutrition - BFHI, IYCF Nutritional assessment, SAM, specific vitamin deficiency disordersRespiratory system - Childhood asthma, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonias in children suppurative lung disease, smoking and environmental pollution, Croup syndromes
BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 11
Biochemistry of CancerCarbohydratesClinical ChemistryHaemoglobinLipidsMaintenance of HomeostasisMetabolism of Amino acidsMetabolism of LipidsMineral MetabolismNucleic Acids and Molecular BiologyPlasma Proteins and ImmunoglobulinsProteinsVitamins
RADIOLOGY
Sec 12
Biological changesEmergency radiologyGastrointestinal systemGenitourinary systemHepatobiliary systemNeuroimaging modalitiesProduction of X-raysSkeletal radiology chest and Mediastinum
DERMATOLOGY
Sec 13
Bullous skin lesion collagen disorderEczematous dermatitisGastrogenic disordersInfections of skinLeprosy and national leprosy control programmesLesions of skin appendagesMaculopapular,Neoplastic lesionsPigmentary disturbancesSquamous lesion
RADIOTHERAPY
Sec 14
Cancer epidemiology and possible etiological factors, screening for cancerCommon malignancies, diagnosis and treatmentHormone treatment in cancerMethods of radiotherapy and recent advancesPrinciples of cancer chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancerPrinciples of radiation oncology, radioactive sources – Teletherapy, Brachial therapy and nuclear medicine
ANAESTHESIOLOGY
Sec 15
Cardio-pulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, basic cardiac life support (BCLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)Complication in anaesthesia and post-operative periodEquipments in anaesthesia and methods of oxygen therapyGeneral anaesthesia – Basal anaesthesia triads of anaesthesia Inhalational agentsIntravenous anaesthetic agentsIntravenous fluid therapy, intraoperative monitoringIntroduction – scope of AnaesthesiologyMethods of pain reliefPre-anaesthetic check-up premedicationRegional analgesia – subarachnoid and epidural analgesia, other techniques of regional analgesia and agents used.
PATHOLOGY
Sec 16
Cardiovascular pathologyCell injuryCirculatory disturbancesDermato-pathologyEndocrine PathologyGrowth disturbancesHaematopathologyInfectious diseasesLiver and Biliary tract pathologyLymphoreticular system.Miscellaneous disordersNeuropathologyOsteopathologyPathology of gastrointestinal tractRenal and urinary tract pathologyReproductive system.Respiratory pathology
ORTHOPAEDICS
Sec 17
Cold orthopaedicsBone, tumour, osteochondroma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst and endochondroma, giant cell tumour, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone diseases and osteogenesis imperfectaCDHCTEV and flat footIntervertebral disc prolapseNerve injuries – Radial nerve, ulnar nerve, sciatic nerve, amputations and osteoarthrosis hip, knee, cerebral palsyPerthe’s disease and slipped upper femoral epiphysisRheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitisRickets and osteomalaciaScoliosis and spondylothesisTorticollis, congential pseudoarthrosis of tibia and arthrgryphosis multiplex congenita ostemyelitis septic arthritis tuberculosis – spine, hip, knee, elbow, wrist and other sitesTraumatologyAnkle injuries – Pott’s fractureColle’s fracture and fracture scaphoidComplications of fracture – open fractures and pathological fractureDefinition of a fracture and types of fracture and general principles of management of fractureElbow dislocation and forearm fractureExtensor mechanism injuries of kneeFracture clavicle, fracture neck of humerus and shoulder dislocationFracture humems (Shaft) and supracondylar fractureFracture of tarsal bonesFracture pelvis and hip fracture – fracture of femurFracture spine and traumatic paraplegiaHand injuriesHip dislocation and fracture shaft of femurIntercondylar fracture and Olecranon fractureLeg fractureMeniscus tear and fracture patellaMonteggia fracture and Galeazzi’s fracture
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Sec 18
Disability evaluation – principles people with disabilities Act – 1995Introduction to physical medicine and rehabilitation disability process and progression of disabilities concept of Impairment / disability and hard capPain management principlesPrinciples of occupational therapy its application in the rehabilitation of various disabilitiesPrinciples of physical therapy – various modalities and therapeutic exercisesPrinciples of prosthetics and rehabilitation aids their application in the rehabilitation of disabilitiesPrinciples of rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo get exposed to the potentials of socia-vocation rehabilitation of the various describing conditions in the light of the 1995 Act people with disabilities (equal opportunities etc) Act 1995To get oriented to basic principles of community based rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo understand the basic principles of disability conclusion and for certification purposes
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Sec 19
EarDisease of inner ear: Vertigo – classification, causes, investigations and management (special mention of Meniere’s disease, positional vertigo and acoustic neuroma)Introduction to diseases of ear Topics: Diseases of external ear (with special mention on wax, otomycosis, foreign body, keratosis and malignant otitis externa. Diseases of middle ear: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media – TTD, AAD, complications of middle ear infections. Deafness – classification, causes, investigations, early detection of deafness in children and rehabilitation (special mention to audiometry, otosclerosis, learning and speech rehabilitation.Nose and paranasal sinusesAcute sinusitis (in detail), chronic sinusitis (in detail)Complications of infections of nose and paranasal sinusesFacio-maxillary injuries (in detail), epistaxis, DNS and nasal polyp (special emphasis on FESS)Rhinitis – etiology, classification and management (special mention of allergic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis and allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis.)Tumours of nose and PNS (special mention of inverted papilloma, naso-pharyngeal angiofibroma and malignancy)ThroatDysphagia – causes, investigations and management (special mention of malignancy)Foreign bodies of aero-digestive tract – diagnosis, management and complications, endoscopies in ENTHoarseness – diagnosis and managementMalignant lesions of larynx and laryngo-pharynxNeck space infections – Ludwig’s angina, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscessStridor – diagnosis and managementTonsils and adenoids (special mention of Qunisy, patches in oral cavity and pharynx)
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
Sec 20
Forensic MedicineAsphyxial deaths: Definition, causes, types, post-mortem appearances and medico legal significance of violent asphyxia deaths like hanging, strangulation, suffocation, smothering, choking, drowning, traumatic asphyxia.Blood – preservation and dispatch of samples, importance of blood groups in disputed paternity, hazards of blood transfusion.Principles of laboratory tests for identification of the above and interpretation of the results.Seminal and salivary stains preservation, dispatch and importance of grouping.Biological fluids:Algor mortis, Livor mortis, Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening, heat stiffeningCommon post mortem artifacts.Decomposition, modified forms of decomposition, estimation of time since death.Court procedures. Summons, warrant, Conduct money, Oath / affirmation, types of witnesses, recording of evidence, conduct of doctor in witness box, perjury, hostile witness.Courts in India and their powers. Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions Court, Assistant Sessions Court and Magistrate Courts.Death sexDefinition of forensic medicine, forensic pathology and medical jurisprudenceDefinition, diagnosis and certification (as per MCCD rules), somatic, molecular and brain death. Sudden natural deaths, suspended animation. Changes after death.Civil and criminal responsibilities of mentally ill persons.Definition and brief overview of common mental illnesses.Indian mental health act with special reference to admission, care and discharge of mentally ill persons.True and feigned mental illnesses.Forensic psychiatry:Abortion, MTP, sexual sterilization, artificial insemination and their legal aspects.Legal aspects of the above.Potency, sterility, virginity, pregnancy, delivery.Sexual offences and abnormal sexual practices.Human sexual functions:IdentificationDefinition.Identification of persons, dead bodies and remains of a person by sex, age, biometry, dental features, scars, moles, tattoos, dactylography, personal belongings, photography, superimposition, DNA.Infant and childhood deaths: Viability and determination of intrauterine age of the foetus, live birth, still birth, dead born. Sudden infant death syndrome, child abuse.Inquest proceduresIntroduction to the subject, historical aspects of forensic medicineMechanical injuries or woundsClassification of injuries, description of blunt force and sharp force injuries.Definition of wound, injury, hurt, assault, battery.Fire arms – principles, types, examination and interpretation of fire arm wounds. Comparison microscopy.Injuries due to physical agents and their medico legal importance: Heat, cold, electricity and lightning. Explosion injuries.Injuries due to traffic occurrences.Medico legal aspects of injuries: Difference between ante mortem and post-mortem injuries, determination of different types of injuries, defense wounds, hesitation cuts, fabricated injuries, simple and grievous hurt, suicidal, accidental and homicidal injuries, causes of death by mechanical injuries, legal classification of fatal injuries.Regional injuries: Injuries to head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, genitalia, vertebral column and bones.Medical certificates and medico legal reports. Birth, death, wound, drunkenness, potency, offence cases, intimation, notification.Certification of births, deaths, illness, fitness, disability.Consent: Types, age in relation to consent, consent in relation to mental illness and alcohol intoxication, consent in emergency situations.Consumer protection act.Duties and rights and privileges of a registered medical practitioner.Indian medical council and state medical councils, their functions and disciplinary control.Medical negligence: Civil, criminal, contributory negligence, vicarious responsibility, res ipsa loquitur, prevention of medical negligence and defence in medical negligence suits.Professional conduct, etiquette and ethics in medical practice.Professional secrecy and privileged communication.Medical jurisprudence:Medico legal aspects of deaths due to starvation-forced feeding.Medico legal autopsy and exhumationDefinition of medico legal and clinical / pathological autopsy.Objectives, procedures and formalities of medico legal autopsy.Preservation of articles and tissues of importance during autopsy.Forensic ToxicologyChloral hydrateConvulsants: Strychnine.Definition and general principles of management of a case of poisoning.Animal poisons: snake and scorpion bites.Asphyxiants: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide and Cyanides.Cardiac Poisons: Cerbera Odollam, Cerbera thevitia, Nerium odorum.Corrosive poisons: strong mineral acids, alkalies and organic acids – (carbolic, formic and oxalic acid).Deliriants: Dhatura, Cannabis and Cocaine.Inebriants: Methyl and Ethyl alcohol.Insecticides: Organophosphorous compounds, carbamates and Organocholoro compounds, Aluminium phosphide and Zinc phosphide.Metallic poisons: Lead, Arsenic and Iron.Diagnosis and principles of therapy and medico legal aspects of the following poisons, giving special emphasis to those of regional importance.Drug abuse and dependence.Inorganic non metallic poisons: Phosphorous.Mechanical poisons.Medico legal duties of a doctor in a case of poisoning, preservation dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis. Role of chemical examiner’s laboratory and forensic science laboratory in brief.Organic vegetable irritants: Abrus precatorius, capsicum, calotropis, Semicarpus anacardium, Croton.Paralytic agents: Curare.War gases and industrial gases.
PART II - GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, CURRENT AFFAIRS & RENAISSANCE IN KERALA
Sec 21
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND CURRENT AFFAIRSGeneral Knowledge and Current AffairsRENAISSANCE IN KERALAAwakening Through LiteratureNovel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcEfforts To Reform The SocietySocio-Religious reform MovementsSNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Struggles and Social RevoltsMalabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Leaders Of RenaissanceThycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, T K Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersLiterary FiguresKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyakoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersRole Of Press In RenaissanceMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcTowards A New SocietyIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Women And Social ChangeParvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and othersSalient Features of Indian ConstitutionAmendment Provisions of the Constitution.Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.Emergency Provisions.Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.Services under the Union and the States.Social Welfare Legislations and ProgrammesSocial Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 22
I.General microbiologyAntibacterial agents and antibiotic sensitivity testBacterial geneticsGrowth, nutrition culture mediaIdentification of bacteriaInfection – Source and spread of infectionIntroduction to microbiologyMorphology of bacteria comparison with other microbial formsResponse to microbial infectionsSterilisation and disinfectionII.Systematic bacteriologyClostridia, Nonsporing anaerobesGram negative Bacillus-Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Enterobacteria / YersiniaGram negative Cocci- NeisseriaGram positive Bacilli-Corynebacterium, Listeria, BacillusGram positive Cocci-Stapohylococci, Streptococci, PneumococciMycobacteria, Nocardia, ActinomycesMycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, ChlamydiaPseudomonas, Pasteurella, AcinetobacterSpirochetesVibrio / CampylobacterIII.VirologyArbovirusesBacteriophagesGeneral characteristics of virusesHepatitis, MiscellaneousMyxovirusesOncogenic virusesPapova, RetrovirusPicorna virusPox virus, Herpes, AdenovirusReplication of virusRhabdo virusVirus host interactionIV.ImmunologyAntigen, antibodiesAutoimmunityComplement in health and diseasesHLA antigens in health and diseasesHypersensitivityImmunodeficiency diseasesImmunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyIntroduction, classification, type and cells involved in immunitySerological test in medical practicesTumour and transplantationV.ParasitologyHelminthus – intestinal nematodes, tissue nematodes, cestodes, trematodes – laboratory diagnosis of helminthic infectionsIntroduction of parasitic diseaseProtozoal infections – Amoebiasis, Plasmodium, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Trichomonas, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis – laboratory diagnosis of protozoal infectionVI.MycologyIntroduction – classification of fungi and general principles of lab diagnosisOppurtunistic fungiSubcutaneous infections – Mycetoma, RhinosporidiosisSuperficial infectionsSystematic mycosis
MEDICINE AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 23
I.Nutrition and nutritional disordersHypo and Hypervitaminosis A & DNutrition requirementsObesityProtein calorie malnutrition in adultsVitamin deficienciesVitamin excessII.Fluid and electrolyte balanceAcidosisAlkalosisHypokalemia + HyperkalemiaHyponatremia + HypernatremiaHypovolemia and dehydrationIII.Disturbance of body temperatureInfectionsAcute viral hepatitis chronicAmoebiasisApproach to fever and PUOBrucellosisChickenpox,ChickungunyaCommon exanthematous feversCommon fungal infectionsCommon gram negative infectionsCommon gram positive infectionsDengue fever,FilariasisGastroenteritis, Cholera, food poisoningHelminthic infections, Bacillary dysenteryHerpes zosterHIV AIDSInfluenza and other respiratory viral infectionsLeptospirosisLRTI – Bronchitis and community acquired pneumoniaMeningitisRabiesRicketsiaSepsisSkin and soft tissue infections including cellulitisTetanusTuberculosisTyphoid,URI including sinusitisUTIViral hepatitis malariaAnaphylaxis, Urticaria, AngioedemasImmune reactionImmunoglobulinRole of B and T LymphocytesIX.CVSCardiac failureCardiomyopathiesCongenital heart disordersCoronary artery diseasesCoronary circulationCorpulomonaleDVT + pulmonary embolismECG and X-ray interpretationHypertension and hypertensive heart diseaseInfective endocarditisPericardial diseasePeripheral vascular diseasesRheumatic fever and RHDRhythm disturbancesV.Primary Immune deficiency disordersVI.GeneticsClinical GeneticsVII.Environmental and occupational problemsAlcohol abuseBites and stings, snake bite, scorpion sting + othersCommon poisonings organophosphate and carbamate sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, TCA, Rat poison + paracetamol, formic acid, methyl alcohol, OdollumHanging, drowning, electrical injuriesRadiation hazardsVIII.Medical disorders in pregnancyX.GI systemAbdominal tuberculosisAcid peptic diseasesApproach to patient with AscitesApproach to patient with JaundiceChronic liver diseaseDisease of colon and rectumDrug / toxin induced hepatitis and NASHHaemochromatosis and Wilson’s diseaseIBSInflammatory bowel diseaseMalabsorption syndrome and tropical spruePhysiology of absorption and investigation proceduresUpper GI bleedXI.Respiratory systemBronchial asthmaBronchogenic carcinomaCOPDILDPleural diseasesRespiratory failureSuppurative lung diseaseXII.HaematologyAcute LeukemiasAplastic anaemia + AgranulocytosisBleeding disordersChronic LeukemiasCoagulation disordersDeficiency anaemiaHaemolytic anaemias FeHUS and TTPLymphomaMacrocyte and Megaloblastic anaemiaPlasma cell disordersPolycythemiaXIII.Renal medicineAcute renal failureChronic renal failureGlomerular diseaseNephrotic syndrome RFTXIV.Central nervous systemAnatomyApproach to a case of vertigoCerebellar disordersCNS tuberculosisDementias, DeliriumDemyelinationEndocrine disease related to gonadsExtrapyramidal disordersFunctionalHemorrhagic strokeMigraine and cluster headacheMotor neuron disease and myastheniaPeripheral NeuropathyPhysiology and InvestigationPituitary dysfunction and tumourSeizures and epilepsy IschemicSpinal cord disordersStrokeXIX.Pain and principles of palliative careAssessment and treatment of chronic painXV.GeriatricsDrug therapy in elderlyNormal ageing and age-related common problemsXVI.Critical careAcute LVF + Acute severe asthmaApproach to comaBioterrorism and disaster managementCardiopulmonary resuscitation statusDICEmergency management of acute coronary syndromeEpilepticsManagement of hepatic encephalopathySevere sepsis and shockXVII.RheumatologyApproach to chronic backacheDegenerative joint disordersInflammatory muscle diseaseRheumatoid arthritisSLESpondyloarthopathiesXVIII.Endocrine diseaseAddison’s diseaseCushings disease + syndromeDiabetes MellitusHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMetabolic bone disease + Osteoporosis + Vitamin deficiencyParathyroid disorders + TetanyThyroiditis and other thyroid disordersXX.Clinical pharmacy and therapeuticsCommon adverse reactionsCommon drug interactionsGeneral principles of drug therapyMonitoring drug therapyRational prescription writing
Medical
100 Marks
Dental Hygienist Grade II
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts recruitment for the post of Dental Hygienist Grade II in the Medical Education and Health Services Department. Candidates are typically required to have passed SSLC or its equivalent and a Dental Hygienist course.
90m
2s
#kerala-psc#dental-hygienist#medical#health-services#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
QUESTIONS BASED ON DENTAL HYGIENIST COURSE
Sec 1
Conservative Dentistry & EndodonticsOral & Maxillofacial surgeryOral Medicine & RadiologyOral PathologyOrthodonticsPedodonticsPeriodonticsProsthodontics
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, CURRENT AFFAIRS & RENAISSANCE IN KERALA
Sec 2
General Knowledge and Current AffairsNovel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcSNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyakoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and othersAmendment Provisions of the ConstitutionCentre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and FinancialEmergency ProvisionsExecutive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional AuthoritiesFundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental DutiesSalient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the ConstitutionServices under the Union and the StatesSocial Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
Medical
100 Marks
Treatment Organizer Grade II
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts the Treatment Organizer Grade II Exam for recruitment in the Health Services Department.
90m
1s
#kerala-psc#health-services#medical#omr-exam
Syllabus Explorer
General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala
Sec 1
Important world, national and regional events related to the political and scientific fields, sports, cinema and literature etcDemographyEconomic and social developmentEconomy and planningGeography of India – ClimateGeography of India – Famous sitesGeography of India – Physical featuresGeography of India – RiversGeography of India – SoilsHistory of India – National movementHistory of India – Period from 1857 to 1947Poverty alleviationGeographical Facts – ClimateGeographical Facts – Famous sitesGeographical Facts – Physical featuresGeographical Facts – RiversGeographical Facts – SoilsAyya VaikundarAyyankaliBhattathirippadBlessed Kuriakose Elias ChavaraBrahmananda Swami SivayogiChattampi SwamiDr. PalpuKumaranasanMannathu PadmanabhanPandit KaruppanPoikayil Yohannan (Kumara Guru)Sree Narayana GuruThycaud AyyaVagbhatanandaVakkom Moulavi
Medical
100 Marks
MD RADIO DIAGNOSIS
MD in Radiodiagnosis is a postgraduate medical degree program designed to train skilled and competent radiologists. The curriculum focuses on equipping students to conduct and interpret various diagnostic and interventional imaging studies, while also covering research activities and medical ethics.
180m
3s
#medical#radiology#diagnosis#imaging#postgraduate
Syllabus Explorer
RADIO DIAGNOSIS
Sec 1
CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEMCENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SKULLEMERGENCY RADIOLOGYENDOCRINE SYSTEMENT, EYE AND DENTAL IMAGINGGASTRO INTESTINAL TRACTGENITO-URINARY SYSTEMINTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGYOBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGYRESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND CHESTSKELETAL SYSTEMSOFT TISSUES AND SMALL PARTSSPECIAL TECHNIQUES
BASIC SCIENCES
Sec 2
PathologyPharmacologyPhysiologyRadiological Anatomy and Applied Embryology
RADIATION PHYSICS
Sec 3
Physics of Diagnostic RadiologyRadiation Protection
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Radiotherapy
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for the post of Assistant Professor in Radiotherapy in the Medical Education Department, focusing on the diagnosis and comprehensive management of cancer patients. [2, 11]
120m
1s
#kerala-psc#radiotherapy#medical-education#postgraduate-level#oncology
Syllabus Explorer
Structure of Matter
Sec 1
Atomic and mass energy unitsAtomic and mass numbersAtomic energy levelsConstituents of atomsElectromagneticElectron shellsNuclear energy levelsNuclear forces
Medical
100 Marks
MD TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND IMMUNO HAEMATOLOGY
MD Transfusion Medicine is a specialized postgraduate medical course focusing on blood banking, transfusion therapy, and immunohematology. It prepares doctors to oversee blood donation processes, manage blood banks, and contribute to transfusion-related research. This three-year full-time postgraduate course is offered by institutions under the Kerala University of Health Sciences.
120m
1s
#kerala-psc#medical#postgraduate#transfusion-medicine#immunohematology
Syllabus Explorer
TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND IMMUNO HAEMATOLOGY
Sec 1
Adverse effects of blood transfusionAutoimmunityBlood SubstitutesHistory of Transfusion MedicineManagement of blood donation and preparation of blood componentsMedico-legal considerationOrganisation and function of regional blood service and hospital transfusion servicePretransfusion testingScientific Basis of TransfusionTherapeutic apheresis and phlebotomyTransfusionTransfusion of blood components
Medical
100 Marks
MS Obstetrics and Gynecology
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for specialized medical posts in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
120m
1s
#kerala-psc#obstetrics-gynaecology#medical#postgraduate#medical-specialization
Syllabus Explorer
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sec 1
Basics of laparoscopy – Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecologyDiagnostic evaluation, amniocentesis and genetic councellingManagement of the immediate postpartum period – post partum tubal ligation
Medical
100 Marks
MS OPHTHALMOLOGY
This syllabus outlines the topics for MS Ophthalmology, a medical postgraduate degree, which is often a required qualification for various medical posts under the Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC).
120m
0s
#kerala-psc#ophthalmology#medical#post-graduate-level#doctor
Syllabus Explorer
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Oto Rhino Laryngology Head and Neck (ENT)
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for the post of Assistant Professor in Oto Rhino Laryngology Head and Neck (ENT) in the Medical Education Department.
120m
1s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#otorhinolaryngology#assistant-professor#postgraduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
Recent advances
Sec 1
anaesthesiafaciomaxillary surgeryhead and neck surgerymedicineneurologyotorhinolaryngologyplastic surgeryradiotherapysurgical oncologythoracic surgery
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Oral Medicine and Radiology
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for Assistant Professor in Oral Medicine and Radiology in Kerala Medical Education Service.
75m
2s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#oral-medicine#radiology#medical-education
Syllabus Explorer
Part II
Sec 1
BiochemistryCommunity DentistryGeneral Human AnatomyGeneral Human PhysiologyGeneral PathologyGeneral PharmacologyMicrobiologyOral Anatomy and Histology,Conservative DentistryOral Medicine&RadiologyOral Pathology and MicrobiologyOral Surgery and AnaesthesiaOrthodonticsPedodonticsPeriodonticsProsthodontics
Part I - General Knowledge and Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala
Sec 2
Novel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etcSNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and othersKodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyako y i Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and othersMalayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etcIntroduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories.printing press etc.Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and othersAmendment Provisions of the Constitution.Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.Emergency Provisions.Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.Services under the Union and the States.Social Service Legislations like Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
Medical
100 Marks
MEDICAL OFFICER (NETRA)
Recruitment by Kerala Public Service Commission for the post of Medical Officer (Netra) in the Indian Systems of Medicine Department.
150m
10s
#kerala-psc#medical#ayurveda#ophthalmology#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
MODULE VIII
Sec 1
A BASIC FUNDAMENTAL OF SHALAKYA ,SHALYA CHIKITSA EG PURVA –PRADHANA-PASCHAT KARMA –AMA- PACHYAMANA PAKWA VRANA SHODHA VRANITOPASANA PRANASHTASHALYA AND VRANABANDHANA.METHODS AND CONCEPTS OF STERILISATION ASEPSIS AND ANTISEPSIS AS PER ANCIENT AND MODERN VIEW POINTB KNOWLEDGE OF EIGHT SURGICAL PROCEDURES IE LEKHANA,CHEDANA,BHEDANA,VYADHANA ETC SHALYA KARMA
MODULE IX
Sec 2
A PARASURGICAL PROCEDURE –AGNI,KSHARA AND RAKTHAMOKSHA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NETRA CHIKITSAB ESSENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODERN PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS REQUIRED IN SHALAKHYA CHIKITSA
MODULE V SARVAKSHIROGAS
Sec 3
ABHISHYANDA AS A CAUSE OF ALL EYE DISEASESL CLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF ABHISHYANDAS AND ADHIMANTHASAETIOLOGY PATHOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GLAUCOMAAKSHIPAKATHYAYA, SASOPHAM, ALPASOPHAMAMLOSHITHAM,SIROTPATAM, SIRAHARSHACONJUNCTIVITISDRY EYE SYNDROME, PANOPHTHALMITISR AUPASARGIKA NETRAROGA-ETIOLOGY,SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS,DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION OF SARVAKSHIROGASVATAPARYAYA, ANYATOVATA,SUSHKAKSHIPAKA
MODULE II SANDHIGATAROGAS
Sec 4
ACUTE AND CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS - AETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, AETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS AND MANAGEMENT.CLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF PARVANI,ALAJICLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF SRAAVAROGASCLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF UPANAHA, KRIMIGRANDHIEPIPHORA, BLEPHARITIS, LACRIMAL CYST - AETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS AND MANAGEMENTETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION AND PROGNOSISKNOWLEDGE ABOUT DACRYOCYSTECTOMY AND DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMYTEAR FILM ,TEAR BREAK UPTIME ,SCHIRMER TEST
MODULE X
Sec 5
ADVANCED IVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES AS CONTRAST SENSITIVITYPREVENTIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY PADYAPADHYARETINOSCOPY ,SLIT LAMP BIMICROSCOPY,OPHTHALMOSCOPY ,FFA ,ERG, OCT, VEP .CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY ,OPTICAL SCANSROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN EYE
MODULE IV SUKLAGATAROGAS
Sec 6
AJAKAJATHA AND STAPHYLOMAARJUNA,SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HAEMORRHAGECLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF ARMA AND PTERYGIUMCLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF AVRANASUKLA AND AVRANASUKLAETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF KRISHNAGATAROGASETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF SUKLAGATAROGASKRISHNAGATAROGASKSHATASUKLANETRAPAREEKSHAPAKATHYAYASUKLA AND HYPOPYON ULCER AND UVEITISSANKHASUKLA, CORNEAL OPACITYSCLERITIS AND EPISCLERITISSIRASUKLASIROTPATAM,SIRAJALA,SIRAHARSHA,SIRAPIDAKAULCERATIVE AND NON ULCERATIVE KERATITIS - AETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, SYMPTOMS AND MANAGEMENT.UVEITISVALASAGRADHITA AND SUKTHIKAXEROSIS
MODULE VI
Sec 7
CATARACTCLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF : TIMIRA, KACHA AND LINGANASADOSHANDHA, NAKULANDHA, PITTAVIDAGDHADRISHTI, KAPHAVIDAGDHADRISHTI, USHNAVIDAGDHA, AMLAVIDAGDHAETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION OF DRISHTIROGASHRASWA, GAMBHEERA,DHOOMARAINTRODUCTION TO EYE BANK, EYE DONATION, CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATIONPREVENTIVE OPHTHALMOLOGYREFRACTIVE ERRORS, STRABISMUSRETINAL DISEASESSANIMITTAJA, ANIMITTAJA LINGANASATIMIRAABHASA, PILLA, PATHYA, APATHYA ETCXEROPHTHALMIA AND OTHER NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISEASES NAYANABHIGHATA ( OCULAR TRAUMA ) AYURVEDIC AND MODERN VIEW
MODULE I
Sec 8
CLASSIFICATION OF NETRAROGA AS PER AYURVEDIC AND MODERN VIEW POINT AND ITS IMPORTANCEINTRODUCTION SHALAKYATANTRA NIRUKTHI, PARICHAYAM, ITHIHASAMNETRA & CHAKSHU KRIYA SHAREERA ANCIENT AND MODERN VIEWNETRA RACHANA SHAREERAM (MANDALA, PATALA, SANDHI, DRUSHTI VICHARA)NETRAPAREEKSHANOPAYOGI YANTRA SHASTRADI JNANAMNETRAROGANAM – SAMANYA HETHU (NIJA AND AGANTUJA), POORVAROOPA, SAMPRAPTI, ROOPA AND CHIKITSA
MODULE III
Sec 9
CLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF ALL TYPES OF VARTMA ARSASCLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF KUMBHEEKAVARTMA, SIKATAVARTMA AND VARTMASARKARACLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF NIMESHA ,KRICHRONMEELA AND BLEPHAROSPASMCLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF POTHAKI AND TRACHOMACLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF VARTMARBUDAM, ALAJI AND LID GROWTHSCLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF VATAHATA, LAGOPHTHALMOS AND PTOSISCLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OFUTSANGINI, ANJANANAAMIKA, LAGANA ,ULKLISHTAHORDEOLUM EXTERNUM, CHALAZIONLEKHANA AND BHEDANASANKHYA, ETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF VARTMAROGAS
MODULE VII NETRA SAMANYA VISHESHA CHIKITSA-KRIYAKALPAM
Sec 10
SEKA ,ASHCHYODANA,PINDI,VIDALAKA,TARPANA,PUTAPAKA,ANJANA AND IMPORTANCE OF PANCHAKARMA IN SALAKYA CHIKITSA
Medical
100 Marks
Nurse Grade II (Homoeo) ||| Staff Nurse Grade II ||| Staff Nurse (Allopathy)
The Kerala Public Service Commission conducts a competitive exam for various nursing posts including Nurse Grade II (Homoeo), Staff Nurse Grade II, and Staff Nurse (Allopathy).
90m
24s
#kerala-psc#nursing#medical#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
Practical Experience
Sec 1
Admission discharge procedure,assessment of patient,vital signs,preparation of patient unit, hygienic care,comfort devices, feeding,assist in elimination irrigation catheterisation,bladder irrigation nursing process , enema,bowel wash,body alignment oxygen administration, suctioning, chest PT,IVTherapy, blood transfusion , specimen collection,Care of dying patientCommunity organisations promoting environmental health communication skills-importance,barriers,establishing successful communication and listening skillsEnvironmental hygiene-factors contributing to health and illnesshealth education-principles,approaches,methods counselling-purpose,principle,process,qualities of a good counsellor,role of nursing counselling media of health education-types of AV aids,selection,preparation,advantages functions of health education agencies-international,national,state,district and local nutrition-classification of food, composition,normal dietary requirements,food preparation ,preservation and storage,therapeutic diet in relation to medical and surgical conditions and special diet,nutritional problems in india,national and international food agencies health systems in india-cental,state,district levels ,healthcare service(public,rural,urban),health planning,specialised community health services and nurse’s role,national health problems andprogrammes, demography and family welfare , health information systems, national and international agenciesNursing assessment,altered immune response, fluid and electrolyte balance,operation theatre techniquePhilosophy,objectives,Home Visit,principles of epidemiology, immunization,family health care, bag technique,levels of health care,record & reports.
FIRST AID
Sec 2
Aims,Rules,first aid kit, dressings & bandaging CPR.First Aid in-asphyxia,drowning, bleeding, shock, fracture,sprain,hanging, burns&scalds, poisoning , foreign bodyin eye,ear,nose,throat Community emergencies,disaster management
Management of patient with neurological disorders
Sec 3
altered level of consciousness, seizures, CVA, meningitis,brain abscess,encephalitis,multiple sclerosis,GB syndrome,parkinsonism,Alzheimer disorder,bell’s palsy
ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGY& MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 4
Anatomical terms,Cell & TissuesBlood-composition&functionsCirculatory system-Heart & Blood vessels structure,functionDigestive system- structure & function,process of digestionDisinfection & sterilization,asepsis,biomedicalwaste managementEndocrine system-- structure & function of pituitory, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal,pancreas,ovary & testisExcretory system- structure & function of kidney,ureter,bladder,& urethraImmunity,Types,Immunization ScheduleInfection & its transmissions ,Sources, types.Lymphatic system-structure & functionMicro organisms-classification,common diseases,study of microbesMuscular system-types, structure & functionNervous system-brain & nerves,spinal cord,autonomic nervous systemReproductive system- - structure & function of male& female reproductive organsRespiratory system- structure & function,physiology of respirationSense organs-skin,ear,nose,eye & tongue,physiology of vision,hearing, smell, touch,tasteSkeletal system-bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilages
Child health nursing
Sec 5
Child welfare services and agencies ,laws pertaining to pediatrics.CNS,skeletal,cleft lip and palate,GIT defects,defects of genitourinary tracts,CVS defects,chromosomal abnormalitiesinfant ,toddler, preschooler,schooler,adolescent Pediatric procedure-calculation and administration of medicine,preparation for diagnostic tests,oxygen administration,steam inhalation, nebulisation, procedures related to feeding and elimination, pediatric resuscitation Health problems in-infancy, childhood, adolescentNursing management of children with defects of – renal system,respiratory system, GIT,CBS, haematological,neurological,endocrine and developmental problemsPreventive pediatrics
Oncology nursing
Sec 6
common malignancies,oral larynx, lungs, stomach, colon,liver,leukemia,lymphoma,breasts,cervix,ovary,uterus,brain,renal and prostate- modalities of treatment-immuno therapy,radio therapy,bone marrow transplantation,psycho social aspects ,palliative care
Mental health nursing
Sec 7
preventive psychiatry,community mental health serviceslegal aspects-admission discharge procedure,legal responsibilities of nurseetiological factors,classification,disorders of thought,motor activity,perception,mood,speech,memory,concentration,judgement, personality types and disorders,organic mental disorders-delirium,dementia,Psychotic disorders-schizophrenia,mood disorders,BPAD,Neurotic disorders,phobia,anxiety disorders,OCD,psychosomatic disorders,substance abuse and deaddiction,sleep disorders,eating disorders,sexual disordershistory taking and MSE Therapeutic nurse-patient relationship components and phases,communication skillsPsychiatric emergencies and crisis interventionanti psychotic, antidepressant, antimanic, antianxiety, antiparkinsons,role of nursePsycho-social therapy,somatic therapy-ECT
Management of patient with disorders of ear ,nose and throat
Sec 8
deafness,disorders of external,middle,internal ear , foreign body,epitaxies
Management of patient with cardiovascular,circulatory and haematological disorders
Sec 9
diagnostic test,coronary artery disease,mitral stenosis,rheumatic fever,cardiac arrest,pericardial effusion,cardiogenic shock,TAO, aneurysm,DVT,hypertension,cellulitis,varicose vein,CCF,lymphangitis,lymphadenitis,anaemia,thalassemia,polycythemia,bleeding disorders
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Sec 10
oxytocin,uterotonics,tocolytics,antihypertensives,teratogensEmbryology and fetal development ,placenta and membrane,fetal skullmanagement,artificial reproductive techniquesfistula,uterine prolapsed,polyps,tumors,breast disordershyperbilirubinemia,hypothermia,Rh incompatibility,LBW,RDS,new born of HIV positive mother,diabetic mother,NICU carebleeding in pregnancy(early and late),hyperemesis gravidarum,gestational DM,PIH,pre eclampsia and eclampsia,poly and oligo hydramios,PID,IUGR,IUD,management of high risk pregnancypyrexia,sepsis,psychosisobstetric emergencies,contracted pelvis,cervical dystocia,PPH,atonic uterus,inversion of uterus,rupture of uterusassessment ,apgar scoring,breast feeding,minor disorders,newborn carephysiological changes , lactation and feeding,postnatal exercises,minor disorders,family planningphysiological changes,hormone replacement therapy,health education and counsellingstages,signs of onset of labour,true and false labour,management of first ,second,third, and fourth stages of labourgenetic counselling,physiological changes , diagnosis of pregnancy , antenatal care,minor disordersinduction of labour,manual removal of placenta,forceps/vacuum delivery,LSCS sterilisation,D&CPelvic infections and STD
Management of patient with metabolic and endocrinal disorders
Sec 11
hepatic ,biliary,pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas,cushing syndrome
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
Sec 12
Hygiene-Personal Hygiene-skin ,hair ,teeth .eyes ,ear, mental health & hygiene Assessment of patient— Physical assessment, Psychological assessment.Infection Control-asepsis, PPE, Isolation precautions,Biomedical waste management.Therapeutic nursing care-care of patient- IV Fluid with respiratory problems, suctioning, ,fever ,-IV Fluid ,hot& cold applications,care of unconscious patient, bedridden patient, pain,elimination problemsIntroduction to Clinical pharmacology—medicine administration-oral & parenteral, routes , nurses responsibilityMeeting Basic Needs of Patient –Physical needs(comfort, rest, sleep, exercises ,body mechanics, comfort devices,bed making , safety devices) . Hygienic needs-(personal & environmental hygiene ,mouth,skin, hair,eyes,pressure sores). Nutritional needs- feeding helpless patient . .Elimination needs-managing constipation &diarrhoea giving laxatives ,enema , suppository& bowel washMeeting psychological & spiritual needs Care of terminally ill & dying-medicolegal issues,care of dead bodyNursing care of patients-therapeutic environment, meeting needs of patient, Admission ,Discharge & Transfer procedures, Communication ,Nursing process & Care planNursing—Concept ,Profession, Ethics, etiquette, Health care agencies ,Approaches ,Holistic Nursing ,Health ,Basic human needs
Ophthalmic nursing
Sec 13
infections and inflammations of eye,eye banking in india
Management of patient with musculo skeletal disorders
Sec 14
infections and inflammations,TB spine and bones, tumors,deformities,skin and skeletal traction,fractures
INTERNSHIP SUBJECTS
Sec 15
need and importance, characteristics, research approaches,methods,datab collection process , analysis of data,evidence based practicephilosophy, principles,management process-planning, organisation, staffing, directing, co-ordination and control,budgeting,administration of hospital/ ward,safety measures,leadership styles,problem solving, records and reports,material management,cost and financing of health care.scope and purposes,basic principles of teaching,lesson plan,methods of teaching-case method,bedside clinic,nursing rounds,nursing conferencenursing as a profession, professional ethics and etiquettes,personal and professional development,continuing education, inservice education,career in nursing,nursing in future,legislations in nursing,common legal hazards in nursing,professional organisations-INC, ICN, TNAI,SNA,WHO,red cross
Disaster nursing
Sec 16
natural calamities-flood,earthquake,volcano,manmade disaster-explosion,war,fire,accident
Management of patient with communicable disease
Sec 17
prevention and control of infection, viral and bacterial disorders
Emergency management
Sec 18
principles, triage, CPR, poisoning,shock,chemical burns,hanging
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
Sec 19
Personality-& Intelligence-(Nature,Assessment,Development of)Scope of learning psychology for nurses, Structure of mind ,Body Mind relationship, Learning, Thinking, Reasoning, Observation, Perception, Attention(Nature & Factors affecting)Scope in Nursing , Uses, Influence of environment in individual development,Rights & Responsibilities of individual in democratic society Family-Characteristics, Types, Family cycle, Functions ,Types of Marriage Society—Social groups , Social change ,Social control , Social stratification, Social agencies, & Social problems Culture & characteristics, Community ,types –rural & urban
Management of renal and urinary disorders
Sec 20
retention and incontinence,UTI,glomerulo nephritis,pyelonephritis,urolythiasis,renal calculi,strictures,nephritic syndrome,uremia,hemodialysis and eritoneal dialysis,renal transplant,disorders of male genitourinary tract
Management of patient with connective tissue and collagen disorders
Sec 21
rheumatoid arthritis,SLE, gout
Disorders of integumentary systems
Sec 22
skin and its appendages,burns
Management of patient with gastro intestinal disorders
Sec 23
upper gastro intestinal disorders,gastrointestinal intubation,lower gastrointestinal disorders
Management of patient with impaired respiratory function
Sec 24
ventillator care,care of upper repiratory disorders,disorders of chest and lower respiratory tract
Medical
100 Marks
Blood Bank Technician
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for the post of Blood Bank Technician in the Health Services Department. This position requires a diploma in Blood Bank Technology.
90m
8s
#kerala-psc#blood-bank#technician#health-services#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
Blood Group Systems
Sec 1
A and B antigensAntibodies of the ABO blood group systemBiochemistry and inheritance of ABH antigensBombay phenotypeDangerous OSubgroups of A, AB and BApplications to Routine Blood BankingCommon other Blood group systemsDetection And Identification Of AntibodiesBasic genetics of the Rh systemProblems in Rh grouping and resolvingRh antibodies, cause of Rh antibody productionRh antigensWeaker variants of D antigen
Basic Hematology and Immunohematology
Sec 2
Application of antiglobulin testDirect AHGFactors affecting the sensitivity of AHGIndirect AHGPrincipleSources of error in antiglobulin testAnatomy and physiology of red blood cellsBlood coagulationErythropoesisFormed elements of bloodPlatelets and its functionRed cell metabolismStructure and function of different types of leucocytesAntigen antibody reactionsComplement, activation of classical pathway and activation of alternate pathwayFactors affecting antigen-antibody reactionsImmune response to antigen exposureImmunoglobulins- different classes, structure and functionPrimary and secondary response to antigens
Advanced Transfusion Practices and Technologies
Sec 3
ApheresisAutologous transfusionAutomationGel Technology
Microbiology (Transfusion Transmitted Infections)
Sec 4
Bacterial contamination of blood and blood componentsClinical course of HIV infectionCytomegalovirus (CMV) infectionDetection of malariaHepatitis B carriersHepatitis B virusSerology of HCVHIV, structure of virusImmunopathogenesis of HIV infectionSerological and biochemical markers of HBV infectionSerological profile of HIV infectionTransfusion transmissible syphilisTransmission of HBVTransmission of HIV
Blood Collection, Preservation and Component Preparation
Sec 5
Adverse donor reactionsDonor selectionPhlebotomy and collection of bloodPost donation care and adviceCryoprecipitate and indications for useFresh frozen plasma, preparation, storage and indication for use.Indication for packed RBCIndications for platelet transfusionIrradiated blood componentsLeuco-depleted blood productsPlatelet rich plasma and platelet concentratePreparation of packed red blood cellsQuality control of platelet productsRefractoriness to platelet transfusionWashed red blood cellsAnticoagulantsBlood BagsAnticoagulant preservative solutionsPhysical and chemical changes in stored bloodStorage temperature for blood
Compatibility Testing and Transfusion Reactions
Sec 6
Anaphylactic and urticarial reactionsCirculatory overloadFebrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactionsGraft vs. Host diseaseHemolytic transfusion reactionsIron overloadLab investigations in HTRTransfusion related acute lung injuryABO and Rh groupingAntibody screening and identificationChecking the patient's previous recordsCompatibility testing in emergencyCross-matching,Different causes of incompatibilityIdentification of recipient blood sampleSelection of blood
Quality Control, Documentation and Record Keeping in Blood Banking
Sec 7
Documentation and record keepingQuality assurance of laboratory testing, reagents and equipmentsQuality control in blood bankingQuality control of blood componentsQuality control of test kits used for TTI testingStandard operating procedure manual
Hemolytic Disease of Newborn and Clinical Transfusion Practice
Sec 8
Antenatal assessment of Rh HDNFactors influencing the production of Rh antibodiesInvestigation in ABO HDNInvestigation on newbornPathophysiology of HDNSelection of blood for exchange transfusionCoagulation disordersMassive transfusionTransfusion practice in surgery and hemorrhageTransfusion therapy in new born
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Anaesthesia
The Assistant Professor in Anaesthesia post is for the Medical Education Service in Kerala, recruited by the Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC). The selection process typically involves a written examination followed by an interview and document verification.
75m
8s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#anaesthesia#assistant-professor#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
Equipments used in Anaesthesia
Sec 1
Accidents, Complications and Sequelae of AnaesthesiaMedical Gas plant and Pipeline SystemMonitored Anaesthesia CareOxygen and Respiratory TherapyPatient SimulatorsPostoperative Care UnitSafety of Operation TheatreSterilisation and Care of Operation Theatre and Equipments
Critical Care and Pain Management
Sec 2
Acute and Chronic PainAnaesthesia and Prehospital Emergency and Trauma CareCPR – Basic and Advanced life supportExtracorporial Support TherapiesNeurocritical CareNutrition and MetabolomicsPalliative CareRespiratory CareRole of Anaesthesia Provider in Natural and Human induced Disasters
Regional Anaesthesia
Sec 3
Airway ManagementLabor AnalgesiaPeripheral Nerve BlocksRegional Anaesthesia in ChildrenSpinal Epidural and Caudal AnaesthesiaUltrasound Guidance for Regional Anaesthesia
CLINICAL ANAESTHESIA
Sec 4
Ambulatory AnaesthesiaAnaesthetic Implication of Concurrent Diseases and MedicationsCognitive Dysfunction and the Long term Complication of Surgery and AnaesthesiaGeneral AnaesthesiaMalignant Hyperthermia and Muscle Related DisordersNon Operating Room AnaesthesiaPatient Positioning and Associated RisksPreoperative EvaluationRisk of Anaesthesia
ANAESTHESIA FOR MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS AND CONDITIONS
Sec 5
Anaesthesia and Endocrine DisordersAnaesthesia for Cardiovascular and Thoracic SurgeryAnaesthesia for Neurological SurgeriesAnaesthesia for Ophthalmic and Ear, Nose and Throat SurgeryAnaesthesia for Organ Procurement and Organ TransplantationAnaesthesia for Renal, Genitourinary System and Hepatobiliary SurgeryBrain Death
ANAESTHESIA FOR SPECIALIZED PROCEDURES AND PATIENTS
Sec 6
Anaesthesia for Bariatric SurgeryAnaesthesia for Fetal Surgeries and other Fetal TherapiesAnaesthesia for Laparoscopic ProceduresAnaesthesia for Laser SurgeryAnaesthesia for Orthopaedic ProceduresAnaesthesia for Robotically Conducted SurgeryGeriatric AnaesthesiaObstetric AnaesthesiaPaediatric Anaesthesia
BASIC SCIENCES
Sec 7
Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology and Genetics related to AnaesthesiaBiostatics and Research MethodologyHistory of AnaesthesiaPhysics related to AnaesthesiaUptake and Distribution of Anaesthetic Agents
Fundamental Principles of Monitoring Instrumentation
Sec 8
Cardiovascular, Neurological, Respiratory, Renal and Neuromuscular MonitoringPatient Blood Management: Transfusion TherapyPerioperative Acid Base BalancePerioperative Fluid and Electrolyte TherapyTemperature Regulation and Monitoring
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Community Dentistry
The Kerala PSC Assistant Professor exam is conducted by Kerala Public Service Commission to recruit eligible candidates for the post of Assistant Professor in Community Dentistry in Kerala Medical Education Service.
75m
8s
#kerala-psc#dentistry#medical-education#assistant-professor#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
SURVEY METHODS IN HEALTH RESEARCH
Sec 1
Analysis, Interpretation And PresentationBasic Ideas of SamplingMethods of Data collectionProcessing Of the DataQuestionnairesResponse ErrorsScaling MethodsThe Coverage of SurveysThe Planning of SurveysTypes of Sample Design
NUTRITION AND ORAL HEALTH
Sec 2
Effective Communication in Dental PracticePrinciples of Diet Screening, Risk Assessment, and GuidanceNutrition for Children and AdolescentsNutrition for Pregnancy, Lactation, Infancy, and ToddlersNutritional Concerns for the Dentally Compromised PatientOral and Nutritional Concerns for Individuals with Special Medical and Health Care NeedsThe Adult and Older Dental PatientDiet, Nutrition, and TeethNutrition and the PeriodontiumNutrition in the Growth and Development of Oral structuresEnergy Balance and Weight ControlUnderstanding Nutrition as the Foundation for General and Oral Health in the 21st CenturyWhat is an Adequate Diet?CarbohydratesDietary SupplementsFluids and ElectrolytesLipids in Health and DiseaseProtein for Systemic and Oral Health: Meeting Needs in a Multicultural WorldThe Minerals and MineralizationVitamins Today
DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH
Sec 3
Behavioural SciencesDental AuxiliariesDental Council of India DCI and Indian Consumer Protection ActDental Needs and ResourcesDental Practice ManagementEpidemiology of Dental CariesEpidemiology of Periodontal DiseasesFinancing Dental CareForensic OdontologyHospital AdministrationIndices used in DentistryOral Health EducationPlanning and Evaluation in Oral HealthSchool Dental Health Programmes
PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY
Sec 4
Caries detection and diagnosisDental sealantsDiagnosis of Periodontal diseasesEvidence-based dentistryFluoride therapyHigh risk patients: the frail older adult living in long-term care homesMechanical Plaque controlOral CancerOral health promotion in infants and preschool age childrenOzone in prevention of Dental diseasesProbiotics and Dental Caries riskProtection of the DentitionStrategies for remineralisationThe aetiology, diagnosis, and management of dentin hypersensitivityThe effective Preventive Dental teamThe role of Diet in the prevention of Dental diseasesThe role of Sugar alcohols, Xylitol, and chewing gums in preventing dental diseasesTooth erosion
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Sec 5
Case-Control StudiesClinical Decision-MakingClinical TrialsCohort StudiesDiagnostic TestingDisease OutbreaksEpidemiologic MeasuresInterpretation of Epidemiologic LiteratureIntroduction to EpidemiologyMedical SurveillancePatterns of OccurrenceVariability & Bias
BIOSTATISTICS IN ORAL HEALTHCARE
Sec 6
Categorical Data AnalysisConfidence Interval and Sample SizeHypothesis Testing : One and Two sample caseMeasures of Central Tendency, Dispersion and SkewnessNon-Parametric StatisticsOne-way and Two-way analysis of VarianceProbability and Probability distributionRegression analysis and CorrelationSampling DistributionsSummarizing Data and Clinical TrialsSurvival Analysis
SOCIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
Sec 7
Collective BehaviourCommunityCultureFamilySocial ChangeSocial ControlSocial GroupsSocial StratificationSocializationSocietySociology and Its Relevance to Medical Sciences
PUBLIC HEALTH
Sec 8
Concepts in Health CareDemography, Family Planning and Maternal and Child HealthEpidemiology of Non-communicable DiseasesHealth Care Systems and National Health Programmes in IndiaNutritionOccupational HealthSchool Health Service and Principles of Health Education
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Surgeon ||| Casualty Medical Officer
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts recruitment for the post of Assistant Surgeon/Casualty Medical Officer in the Health Services Department. This role is open to MBBS graduates.
105m
22s
#kerala-psc#medical#mbbs#health-services#doctor
Syllabus Explorer
HUMAN ANATOMY
Sec 1
Abdomen, Pelvis and PerineumBrain and Spinal CordGeneral AnatomyGeneral EmbryologyGeneticsHead and NeckLower LimbThoraxUpper Limb
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 2
Caesarean section (indications, complications)CPD, obstructed labourHypertonic contractions, hypotonic contractions and incoordinate uterine actionVaginal delivery after caesareanElderly primi, grand multipara, Rh negative, Gynaecological disorders complicating pregnancyIntrauterine deathIUGRMultiple pregnanciesPost datismPreterm laborPROM (Premature rupture of membranes)Abnormal presentations and management: Occipito posterior position, Breech presentation, transverse lie, brow/face presentationAbnormal puerperium: cause clinical presentation investigations and managementAbortions: Types, aetiopathology, investigations and managementActive management of third stage of laborAcute abdomenAdolescent medicine (Gynaecology)AnalgesiaAntenatal care: objectives of antenatal care routine antenatal check up, Assessment of period of gestation, obstetric examination, general examination, other system examinationClinical monitoring of maternal and fetal well being, detect abnormalityCommon problems in Pregnancy - Oedema, Pruritis, heart burn, piles, varicose veins, clothing and foot ware, exercise, sex, hygiene, nutrition, rest, drug in pregnancyContraception: various methods and devices, selection of patients, counselling of the Couples, follow up, side effects, complications, and failure ratesDelivery: stages of labour, management of first of labourDrugs: Immunisation, drug prescription relevant blood examination, urine examination and interpretation of the results and physiological changes in pregnancyDummy pelvis, Mannequins resuscitation of newbornEctopic pregnancy: aetiopatholgy, early diagnosis, late diagnosis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and principles of management (conservative, medical and surgical)Colposcopy: Principles instrument, procedureHysteroscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, steps in present gynaecological practices and complications.Laproscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, complication, scope of laproscopy in gynaecological practicesFetal surveillanceFetomaternal medicine: Screening for congenital abnormalities, blood tests (maternal and fetal) Amniotic fluid analysis, fetal tissue biopsyBreast feedingFetal distress: definition, diagnosis and management neonatal resuscitation, care of newborn, examination of newborn and identifying congenital abnormalities, jaundice in newbornAbnormal menstruation – definition, classification, clinical features and principles of investigations, diagnosis and managementNormal menstrual cycle – physiology of menstruationAbnormal vaginal discharge: causes, clinical examination, diagnosis, investigation and management. Counselling regarding prevention of STD’sAmenorrhoea: Definition, classification, causes, investigations and managementDysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding: Definition, causes, investigations and managementEndometriosis: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management, contraceptionGenital infections: STDs, PID, HIV infection and AIDS, genital TB – aetiopathology, diagnosis and principles of managementGenital injuries including fistulae: Causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and principles of management and preventionHormonal therapy: when to give, when not to give, type of hormones with dosage, duration of hormonal therapy, complications and contraindications for hormonal therapyInfertility: Types, definition, causes, counselling, examination of couple and essential investigations, ART: various methods of assisted reproductive techniques, setting up of ART labNeoplasms of genital tract – Benign and malignant, aetiopathology, clinical feature, diagnosis, principles of management and cancer screening and preventive aspectsHyperemesis gravidarum: definition, aetiopathology, clinical features advice and drug therapyManagement of second stage of labour (vaginal delivery with episiotomy)Management of third stage of labor:Anaemia in pregnancyDiabetes in pregnancyHeart disease complicating pregnancyHypertensive disorders of pregnancyJaundice in pregnancy Haemorrhage and coagulation disorders in obstetrics and immunology in pregnancyThyroid disorders, immunological disorders like SLE, ACLA, and thrombophilia complicating pregnancyUTI, hepatitis, TB, chest disease complicating pregnancyVeneral disease, infections, HIV complicating pregnancyMTP Act, Legal and ethical aspects, methods, complications and managementAcceleration of labor and drugs used in laborInduction of labor (various methods of induction – merits and demerits)Labour monitoring partogram, Labour analgesiaMechanism of labourPhysiology of onset of labor, fetal skull and pelvisAbnormal hysterectomyCorrection of enterocele, diagnosis and operation for vault prolapseIndications, complications of D&C, cervical biopsyMedical termination of pregnancy, evacuation of incomplete Abortion tubal ligation, IUCD insertionOvarian tumoursRadical procedure for malignancyVaginal hysterectomy, sling proceduresAssisted breech delivery, breech extractionCaesarean sectionCervical encirclage extra amniotic instillation and manual removal of placentaExternal cephalic version, internal podalic versionIndication and steps of the procedure of episiotomyInstrumental evacuationVacuum extraction, forceps deliveryOther complications of third stage of labor and managementManagement of fever, skin wound complications, complications like burst abdomen, intraperitoneal bleeding and intra peritoneal collections, instruments, specimens etc.Routine management of postoperative patient like IV fluids, drugs, antibiotics, ambulation, nutritionPregnancy - Diagnosis, Clinical features, differential diagnosis, relevant tests and the principles underlying the testsPrevention of PPH, Management of PPHRecurrent pregnancy loss: causes, investigations and managementTrophoblastic diseases: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, long term follow up and complicationsUltrasound examinationUltrasound MRI in obstetrics: diagnostic and interventionalUrological problems
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 3
Acute conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Allergic conjunctivitis, Pingencula, pterygium, Xerosis/ bitot spots, Dry eye, Angular conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, subconj hemorrhager, D/D of conjunctival and limbal noduleAngle closure glaucoma, open angle glaucoma, steroid induced glaucoma, lens induced glaucoma including surgery and managementAwareness of amblyopia, types of squint, paralytic, non-paralyticCataract and management, cong. Conditions, surgery and complications, lens abnormality, secondary glaucomas, congenital glaucomaCauses of blindnessCauses of sudden / partial / painless dimension of visionCentral retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma, Pappilledema, optic neuritis, optic atrophyChemical injuries, open globe injuries, closed globe injuries and first aid treatment including sympathetic injuries.Chronic conjunctivitis, Dry eye, membraneous conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitisChronic side effects of systemic medication, local anaesthetics, viscoelastics, steroid and NSAIDSCommon causes of proptosis, orbital cellulites, cavernous sinus thrombosisCorneal Inflammations: Corneal ulcers-bacterial, fungal, viral, Mooren’s ulcer, Vitamin A deficiency and keratomalacia, exposure keratitis, neuroparlytic keratitis, corneal blindness, eye banking, eye donation, keratoplasty, arcus senilis, corneal oedema, deep / interstitial keratitis, degenerations and dystrophies, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Dacryocystitis – congenital, acute, chronic, epiphoraDefinition and types of blindness.Ectropion entropion, trichiasis, ptosis, Iagophthalmos, symblepharon, blepharitis, Chalazion, refractive error, myopia, hypermetropia, Astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia / pseduophakia, Anisometropia, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Enucleation – Indication, techniqueEye and systemic diseases including AIDSEye campsFundus changes in diabetes, hypertension, anaemias, pregnancy induced hypertension, haematological disorders, myopiaIridocylitis, Panophthalmitis, EndophthalmitisLasers in OphthalmologyNPCB, Vision 2020Ocular malignancy – retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma of choroidPharmacologyPhotocoagulationPromotion of eye donationRetinal vascular diseasesScleritis, episcleritisSiderosis bulbi, Chalcosis, medico legal aspects.Symptomatic disturbances of vision, overview of recent advances in ophthalmologySynchisis syntillans, Asteroid hyalosis.Systemic associations of uveitis, Choroiditis, Coloboma iris, ocular albinism, vitreous hemorrhage – causes
PSYCHIATRY
Sec 4
Aetiological factors in psychiatric disordersBipolar disordersClassification of psychiatric disordersClinical interview and mental state examinationDepressive disordersLegal aspects of psychiatryMajor manifestation of psychiatric illnessNeurotic, stress related and somatoform disordersOrganic brain syndromeSchizophreniaSleep disordersSubstance abuseTreatments used in psychiatric illness
FAMILY WELFARE
Sec 5
In female – Barrier contraception, female condom, IUCD, tubectomy etc.In male – Condom, vasectomy (NSV) etcCommunity Medicine: The need for Family Welfare Planning, organization of Family Planning service, Health Education in relating to Family Planning, Nutrition, Physiological need of the mother, the child and the family Demography and the vital statisticsPediatrics: Problems of child health in relation to large family: organization of pediatric services, nutritional problems of mother and child, childhood diseases due to over crowding.Contraindications for administration of contraceptives. Side effects of contraceptivesMode of action and administration of chemical contraceptives and oral contraceptivePhysiology, endocrine and regulation of reproduction in the female. The safe period-rhythm method of contraception, principle of use of oral contraceptives.
SURGERY AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 6
Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, trauma, acute ischaemia, chronic ischaemia, Arterial aneurysms and A. V. fistula, amputationsATLS, poly trauma, disaster managementcongential disorders, gall stone, cholecystitis, Cholangocarcinomadiaphragm, mediastinum, chest injuries: Thoracic outlet compression syndrome, heart and pericardium, pleura and lungs.Critically injured patient including TriageDifferent types of wounds and their managementFluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional supportanatomy and physiology, congential anomalies, dysphagia, achalasia and other motility disorders, oesophageal perforation, gastrooesophageal reflux diseases, tumours.congenital conditions, trauma, infections, stones, hydronephrosis, tumours of kidney, tumours of bladder, retention of urinary bladder, haematuria, torsion, undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, carcinoma penis, phimosis, prostate testicular tumours, benign prostatic hypertrophy, carcinoma prostate, adrenal gland surgery pheochromacytoma and conn syndrome.Head injuries, facio maxillary injuries, salivary glands, mouth and face, cleft lip, cleft palate, oral cancers and premalignant conditions, jaw tumours, ranula, misc-Branchial cysts, arid fistula, carotid body tumours.Immunology and organ transplantation, HIV and surgeon, Hepatitis BApplied anatomy and physiology, trauma, liver abscess, cysts of the liver, portal hypertension, tumours, principles and management of obstructive jaundice.Applied Anatomy and physiology, lymph oedema – primary, secondary, lymph cyst – cystic hygromaInflammations – Lymphangitis, lymphadentis, malignant neoplasms – lymphomasMetabolic response to traumaMiscellaneous – Abdominal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, peritoneum and retroperitoneum, hernia and abdominal wall, mesentery, surgical audit and day care surgeryAnatomy, development and physiology, congenital anomalies, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis including calcific pancreatitis, tumours, surgical jaundicePre-operative and post-operative care – emphasis on intensive care and high dependency sterilizationPrinciples of imaging techniquesPrinciples of Surgery, genetics, history of surgery, surgical ethicsano-rectal anomalies, prolapse, haemorrhoids, ano-rectal sepsis, fissure, fistula, tumourShock: Types, pathogenesis and management, Haemorrhage, Haemostasis, Blood transfusion, BurnsNormal structure – Ulcers, sinus and fistula, cysts and benign tumoursPre-malignant conditions, malignant tumours, skin coverAnatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease including typhoid, tuberculosis, tumours, intestinal obstruction.Anatomy and physiology, trauma – splenic conservation, indication for splenectomyAnatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital, peptic ulcer disease (APD), Upper GI haemorrhage, tumours, pyloric stenosisSurgical sepsis – specific infection, Nosocomial infection, antibiotic policySuture materials and anastomosisApplied anatomy and physiology, investigation, fibrocystic diseases, inflammation, tumoursTraumaApplied anatomy and physiology, varicose veins and venous ulcers, DVT and superficial thrombophlebitisAnatomy, appendicitis, neoplasmWound healing and complications
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIO-PHYSICS
Sec 7
AuditionCardiovascular SystemEndocrinologyGastrointestinal SystemHematologyNerve - muscle physiologyNervous SystemPhysiology of ReproductionRenal SystemRespiratory SystemSkin and Temperature regulationSpecial Senses
PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 8
Autacoids and related drugsAutonomic nervous systemCardiovascular systemCentral nervous systemChemotherapyDrugs acting on Endocrine systemDrugs affecting blood and blood formationGeneral pharmacology and basic concepts of clinical pharmacologyGITInfective/Parasitic conditionsMedical emergenciesMiscellaneousNational health programmesRespiratory systemToxicology
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Sec 9
Basic epidemiologyBio-statisticsCharacteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multifactorial etiology of disease.Definition of health, holistic concepts of health including the concept of spiritual health, appreciation of health as a relative concept, dimensions and determinants of healthDefinition, concepts and evolution (history) of public healthHealth profile of IndiaIntroduction to various health indicatorsUnderstanding the concept of prevention and control of diseaseUnderstanding the natural history of disease and application of interventions at various levels of preventionsDemography and vital statisticsDevelopment and health interfaceDisabilityDisaster managementAwareness of standards of housing and its effect of housing on health.Concepts of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal.Concepts of water conservation, rainwater harvesting and global warming.Health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation pollution.Identifying the features of vectors and their control measures.Life cycles of vectors and advantages and limitations of various vector control measures.Mode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides.Physical, Chemical and bacteriological standards of drinking water quality and tests of assessing bacteriological quality of waterRadiation prevention and controlBasel conventionKyoto ProtocolStockholm conventionRole of vectors in the causation of diseases.Urban waste management.Water: concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of waterborne diseases, water purification process, water quality standards.Epidemiology of specific diseases: Communicable and noncommunicableHealth care of elderlyHealth care system in IndiaHealth care waste managementHealth planning, management and administrationHealth promotion and education / communication for behavioural change (Information, education, communication)International healthLegislation and public healthMental health and behavioural problemsNutritionOccupational healthReproductive and child healthSchool healthAssessment of barriers to good health and health seeking behaviourAssessment of socio-economic status, effect of health and illness on socio-economic statusAttitude, Behaviour, habitsConcept of sociology and behavioural science, Clinico-socio-cultural and demographic evaluation of the individual, family and communityConflicts – internal, interpersonal and conflict resolutions, defense mechanismsDevelopment and health interface – poverty and health, poverty alleviation programme, health of the marginalized, sustainable and inclusive developmentDoctor-patient relationshipEmotions, frustrations, role of emotions in health and coping with emotionsEthicsGender and health including gender based violence, epidemiology of violence and its prevention and control life skill educationImpact of urbanization on health and diseaseIntelligence – IQ and EQLearning – Types and skillsPersonality – Types, Interpersonal relationshipsPoverty link to health and disease and poverty alleviation programmesRole of family in health and diseaseSocial psychology, community behaviour and community relationship, hospital sociology and psychologySocial security – health insurance: Organized sector, unorganized sector, special groups (Eg: elderly)Socio-cultural factors related to health and disease in the context of urban and rural societiesStress and coping skills – integrated (Psychiatry)Urban health
PAEDIATRIC
Sec 10
Behavioural problems in children - Enuresis, thumb sucking, breath holding, dyslexia, specific learning disorders, child rearing problems like infantile colic, growing pain etcCNS - Cerebral palsy, mental retardation, meningitis and encephalitis, seizure disorders and febrile seizures, microcephaly and hydrocephalus, floppy infant, therapeuticsCommon chromosomal disorders and genetic counselling - Down’s syndrome, Turner syndrome. Fragile X and Genetic counselling,Common poisoning and accidents in children - Kerosene, Dhatura, paracetamol and iron, snake bite, burns etc.Connective tissue disorders - JRA, other vasculitis syndromes including SLE and HSP, Kawasaki diseaseCVS - Congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever and RHD, CCF, hypertension, infective endocarditis.Disorders of kidney - acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, urinary tract infectionEndocrine disorder - diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, short stature and intersex, ambigous genitalia, precocious pubertyDiarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis and hepatic failure, cirrhosis liver and portal hypertension. Helminthic infestations.Haemopoietic system - anaemia in children, bleeding disordersPoliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, childhood tuberculosis, typhoid fever, HIV infection, dengue and chikungunya, viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria. Pertussis, mumps, rubella, influenza, H1N1, seasonal epidemicsInnocent problems causing undue parental anxiety breath holding spell, evening colic, growing pain etc.Malignancies in children - leukemia, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, solid tumours, CNS tumours, new born respiratory distress in newborn, perinatal diagnosis and treatment, sepsis in newborn, assessment and management of asphyxia, thermoregulation in newborn congenital malformations, disorders of gestation and low birth weight, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, BFHI and feeding, normal variations intrauterine infections, neonatal seizuresNational programmes - IMNCI, RCH3, NRHM, Vitamin A, Iodine deficiency, IDSP, ARI, ADD, AFP & PPINutrition - BFHI, IYCF Nutritional assessment, SAM, specific vitamin deficiency disordersRespiratory system - Childhood asthma, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonias in children suppurative lung disease, smoking and environmental pollution, Croup syndromesTreatment of epilepsy, GBS, ADEM
BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 11
Biochemistry of CancerCarbohydratesClinical ChemistryHaemoglobinLipidsMaintenance of HomeostasisMetabolism of Amino acidsMetabolism of LipidsMineral MetabolismNucleic Acids and Molecular BiologyPlasma Proteins and ImmunoglobulinsProteinsVitamins
RADIOLOGY
Sec 12
Biological changesEmergency radiologyGastrointestinal systemGenitourinary systemHepatobiliary systemNeuroimaging modalitiesProduction of X-raysSkeletal radiology chest and Mediastinum
DERMATOLOGY
Sec 13
Bullous skin lesion collagen disorderEczematous dermatitisGastrogenic disordersInfections of skinLeprosy and national leprosy control programmesLesions of skin appendagesMaculopapular,Neoplastic lesionsPigmentary disturbancesSquamous lesion
RADIOTHERAPY
Sec 14
Cancer epidemiology and possible etiological factors, screening for cancerCommon malignancies, diagnosis and treatmentHormone treatment in cancerMethods of radiotherapy and recent advancesPrinciples of cancer chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancerPrinciples of radiation oncology, radioactive sources – Teletherapy, Brachial therapy and nuclear medicine
ANAESTHESIOLOGY
Sec 15
Cardio-pulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, basic cardiac life support (BCLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)Complication in anaesthesia and post-operative periodEquipments in anaesthesia and methods of oxygen therapyGeneral anaesthesia – Basal anaesthesia triads of anaesthesia Inhalational agentsIntravenous anaesthetic agentsIntravenous fluid therapy, intraoperative monitoringIntroduction – scope of AnaesthesiologyMethods of pain reliefPre-anaesthetic check-up premedicationRegional analgesia – subarachnoid and epidural analgesia, other techniques of regional analgesia and agents used.
PATHOLOGY
Sec 16
Cardiovascular pathologyCell injuryCirculatory disturbancesDermato-pathologyEndocrine PathologyGrowth disturbancesHaematopathologyInfectious diseasesLiver and Biliary tract pathologyLymphoreticular system.Miscellaneous disordersNeuropathologyOsteopathologyPathology of gastrointestinal tractRenal and urinary tract pathologyReproductive system.Respiratory pathology
ORTHOPAEDICS
Sec 17
Bone, tumour, osteochondroma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst and enchondroma, giant cell tumour, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone diseases and osteogenesis imperfectaCDHCTEV and flat footIntervertebral disc prolapseNerve injuries – Radial nerve, ulnar nerve, sciatic nerve, amputations and osteoarthrosis hip, knee, cerebral palsyPerthe’s disease and slipped upper femoral epiphysisRheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitisRickets and osteomalaciaScoliosis and spondylothesisTorticollis, congential pseudoarthrosis of tibia and arthrgryphosis multiplex congenita ostemyelitis septic arthritis tuberculosis – spine, hip, knee, elbow, wrist and other sitesAnkle injuries – Pott’s fractureColle’s fracture and fracture scaphoidComplications of fracture – open fractures and pathological fractureDefinition of a fracture and types of fracture and general principles of management of fractureElbow dislocation and forearm fractureExtensor mechanism injuries of kneeFracture clavicle, fracture neck of humerus and shoulder dislocationFracture humems (Shaft) and supracondylar fractureFracture of tarsal bonesFracture pelvis and hip fracture – fracture of femurFracture spine and traumatic paraplegiaHand injuriesHip dislocation and fracture shaft of femurIntercondylar fracture and Olecranon fractureLeg fractureMeniscus tear and fracture patellaMonteggia fracture and Galeazzi’s fracture
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Sec 18
Disability evaluation – principles people with disabilities Act – 1995Introduction to physical medicine and rehabilitation disability process and progression of disabilities concept of Impairment / disability and hard capPain management principlesPrinciples of occupational therapy its application in the rehabilitation of various disabilitiesPrinciples of physical therapy – various modalities and therapeutic exercisesPrinciples of prosthetics and rehabilitation aids their application in the rehabilitation of disabilitiesPrinciples of rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo get exposed to the potentials of socia-vocation rehabilitation of the various describing conditions in the light of the 1995 Act people with disabilities (equal opportunities etc) Act 1995To get oriented to basic principles of community based rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo understand the basic principles of disability conclusion and for certification purposes
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Sec 19
Disease of inner ear: Vertigo – classification, causes, investigations and management (special mention of Meniere’s disease, positional vertigo and acoustic neuroma)Introduction to diseases of ear Topics: Diseases of external ear (with special mention on wax, otomycosis, foreign body, keratosis and malignant otitis externa. Diseases of middle ear: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media – TTD, AAD, complications of middle ear infections. Deafness – classification, causes, investigations, early detection of deafness in children and rehabilitation (special mention to audiometry, otosclerosis, learning and speech rehabilitation.Acute sinusitis (in detail), chronic sinusitis (in detail)Complications of infections of nose and paranasal sinusesFacio-maxillary injuries (in detail), epistaxis, DNS and nasal polyp (special emphasis on FESS)Rhinitis – etiology, classification and management (special mention of allergic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis and allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis.)Tumours of nose and PNS (special mention of inverted papilloma, naso-pharyngeal angiofibroma and malignancy)Dysphagia – causes, investigations and management (special mention of malignancy)Foreign bodies of aero-digestive tract – diagnosis, management and complications, endoscopies in ENTHoarseness – diagnosis and managementMalignant lesions of larynx and laryngo-pharynxNeck space infections – Ludwig’s angina, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscessStridor – diagnosis and managementTonsils and adenoids (special mention of Qunisy, patches in oral cavity and pharynx)
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
Sec 20
Asphyxial deaths: Definition, causes, types, post-mortem appearances and medico legal significance of violent asphyxia deaths like hanging, strangulation, suffocation, smothering, choking, drowning, traumatic asphyxia.Blood – preservation and dispatch of samples, importance of blood groups in disputed paternity, hazards of blood transfusion.Principles of laboratory tests for identification of the above and interpretation of the results.Seminal and salivary stains preservation, dispatch and importance of grouping.Court procedures. Summons, warrant, Conduct money, Oath / affirmation, types of witnesses, recording of evidence, conduct of doctor in witness box, perjury, hostile witness.Courts in India and their powers. Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions Court, Assistant Sessions Court and Magistrate Courts.Death sexDefinition of forensic medicine, forensic pathology and medical jurisprudenceAlgor mortis, Livor mortis, Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening, heat stiffeningCommon post mortem artifacts.Decomposition, modified forms of decomposition, estimation of time since death.Civil and criminal responsibilities of mentally ill persons.Definition and brief overview of common mental illnesses.Indian mental health act with special reference to admission, care and discharge of mentally ill persons.True and feigned mental illnesses.Chloral hydrateConvulsants: Strychnine.Definition and general principles of management of a case of poisoning.Animal poisons: snake and scorpion bites.Asphyxiants: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide and Cyanides.Cardiac Poisons: Cerbera Odollam, Cerbera thevitia, Nerium odorum.Corrosive poisons: strong mineral acids, alkalies and organic acids – (carbolic, formic and oxalic acid).Deliriants: Dhatura, Cannabis and Cocaine.Inebriants: Methyl and Ethyl alcohol.Insecticides: Organophosphorous compounds, carbamates and Organocholoro compounds, Aluminium phosphide and Zinc phosphide.Metallic poisons: Lead, Arsenic and Iron.Drug abuse and dependence.Inorganic non metallic poisons: Phosphorous.Mechanical poisons.Medico legal duties of a doctor in a case of poisoning, preservation dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis. Role of chemical examiner’s laboratory and forensic science laboratory in brief.Organic vegetable irritants: Abrus precatorius, capsicum, calotropis, Semicarpus anacardium, Croton.Paralytic agents: Curare.War gases and industrial gases.Abortion, MTP, sexual sterilization, artificial insemination and their legal aspects.Legal aspects of the above.Potency, sterility, virginity, pregnancy, delivery.Sexual offences and abnormal sexual practices.Definition.Identification of persons, dead bodies and remains of a person by sex, age, biometry, dental features, scars, moles, tattoos, dactylography, personal belongings, photography, superimposition, DNA.Infant and childhood deaths: Viability and determination of intrauterine age of the foetus, live birth, still birth, dead born. Sudden infant death syndrome, child abuse.Inquest proceduresIntroduction to the subject, historical aspects of forensic medicineClassification of injuries, description of blunt force and sharp force injuries.Definition of wound, injury, hurt, assault, battery.Fire arms – principles, types, examination and interpretation of fire arm wounds. Comparison microscopy.Injuries due to physical agents and their medico legal importance: Heat, cold, electricity and lightning. Explosion injuries.Injuries due to traffic occurrences.Medico legal aspects of injuries: Difference between ante mortem and post-mortem injuries, determination of different types of injuries, defense wounds, hesitation cuts, fabricated injuries, simple and grievous hurt, suicidal, accidental and homicidal injuries, causes of death by mechanical injuries, legal classification of fatal injuries.Regional injuries: Injuries to head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, genitalia, vertebral column and bones.Medical certificates and medico legal reports. Birth, death, wound, drunkenness, potency, offence cases, intimation, notification.Certification of births, deaths, illness, fitness, disability.Consent: Types, age in relation to consent, consent in relation to mental illness and alcohol intoxication, consent in emergency situations.Consumer protection act.Duties and rights and privileges of a registered medical practitioner.Indian medical council and state medical councils, their functions and disciplinary control.Medical negligence: Civil, criminal, contributory negligence, vicarious responsibility, res ipsa loquitur, prevention of medical negligence and defence in medical negligence suits.Professional conduct, etiquette and ethics in medical practice.Professional secrecy and privileged communication.Medico legal aspects of deaths due to starvation-forced feeding.Definition of medico legal and clinical / pathological autopsy.Objectives, procedures and formalities of medico legal autopsy.Preservation of articles and tissues of importance during autopsy.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 21
Antibacterial agents and antibiotic sensitivity testBacterial geneticsGrowth, nutrition culture mediaIdentification of bacteriaInfection – Source and spread of infectionIntroduction to microbiologyMorphology of bacteria comparison with other microbial formsResponse to microbial infectionsSterilisation and disinfectionClostridia, Nonsporing anaerobesGram negative Bacillus-Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Enterobacteria / YersiniaGram negative Cocci- NeisseriaGram positive Bacilli-Corynebacterium, Listeria, BacillusGram positive Cocci-Stapohylococci, Streptococci, PneumococciMycobacteria, Nocardia, ActinomycesMycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, ChlamydiaPseudomonas, Pasteurella, AcinetobacterSpirochetesVibrio / CampylobacterArbovirusesBacteriophagesGeneral characteristics of virusesHepatitis, MiscellaneousMyxovirusesOncogenic virusesPapova, RetrovirusPicorna virusPox virus, Herpes, AdenovirusReplication of virusRhabdo virusVirus host interactionAntigen, antibodiesAutoimmunityComplement in health and diseasesHLA antigens in health and diseasesHypersensitivityImmunodeficiency diseasesImmunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyIntroduction, classification, type and cells involved in immunitySerological test in medical practicesTumour and transplantationHelminthus – intestinal nematodes, tissue nematodes, cestodes, trematodes – laboratory diagnosis of helminthic infectionsIntroduction of parasitic diseaseProtozoal infections – Amoebiasis, Plasmodium, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Trichomonas, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis – laboratory diagnosis of protozoal infectionIntroduction – classification of fungi and general principles of lab diagnosisOppurtunistic fungiSubcutaneous infections – Mycetoma, RhinosporidiosisSuperficial infectionsSystematic mycosis
MEDICINE AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 22
Hypo and Hypervitaminosis A & DNutrition requirementsObesityProtein calorie malnutrition in adultsVitamin deficienciesVitamin excessAcidosisAlkalosisHypokalemia + HyperkalemiaHyponatremia + HypernatremiaHypovolemia and dehydrationIII.Disturbance of body temperatureAcute viral hepatitis chronicAmoebiasisApproach to fever and PUOBrucellosisChickenpox,ChickungunyaCommon exanthematous feversCommon fungal infectionsCommon gram negative infectionsCommon gram positive infectionsDengue fever,FilariasisGastroenteritis, Cholera, food poisoningHelminthic infections, Bacillary dysenteryHerpes zosterHIV AIDSInfluenza and other respiratory viral infectionsLeptospirosisLRTI – Bronchitis and community acquired pneumoniaMeningitisRabiesRicketsiaSepsisSkin and soft tissue infections including cellulitisTetanusTuberculosisTyphoid,URI including sinusitisUTIViral hepatitis malariaAnaphylaxis, Urticaria, AngioedemasImmune reactionImmunoglobulinRole of B and T LymphocytesCardiac failureCardiomyopathiesCongenital heart disordersCoronary artery diseasesCoronary circulationCorpulomonaleDVT + pulmonary embolismECG and X-ray interpretationHypertension and hypertensive heart diseaseInfective endocarditisPericardial diseasePeripheral vascular diseasesRheumatic fever and RHDRhythm disturbancesV.Primary Immune deficiency disordersClinical GeneticsAlcohol abuseBites and stings, snake bite, scorpion sting + othersCommon poisonings organophosphate and carbamate sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, TCA, Rat poison + paracetamol, formic acid, methyl alcohol, OdollumHanging, drowning, electrical injuriesRadiation hazardsVIII.Medical disorders in pregnancyAbdominal tuberculosisAcid peptic diseasesApproach to patient with AscitesApproach to patient with JaundiceChronic liver diseaseDisease of colon and rectumDrug / toxin induced hepatitis and NASHHaemochromatosis and Wilson’s diseaseIBSInflammatory bowel diseaseMalabsorption syndrome and tropical spruePhysiology of absorption and investigation proceduresUpper GI bleedBronchial asthmaBronchogenic carcinomaCOPDILDPleural diseasesRespiratory failureSuppurative lung diseaseAcute LeukemiasAplastic anaemia + AgranulocytosisBleeding disordersChronic LeukemiasCoagulation disordersDeficiency anaemiaHaemolytic anaemias FeHUS and TTPLymphomaMacrocyte and Megaloblastic anaemiaPlasma cell disordersPolycythemiaAcute renal failureChronic renal failureGlomerular diseaseNephrotic syndrome RFTAnatomyApproach to a case of vertigoCerebellar disordersCNS tuberculosisDementias, DeliriumDemyelinationEndocrine disease related to gonadsExtrapyramidal disordersFunctionalHemorrhagic strokeMigraine and cluster headacheMotor neuron disease and myastheniaPeripheral NeuropathyPhysiology and InvestigationPituitary dysfunction and tumourSeizures and epilepsy IschemicSpinal cord disordersStrokeAssessment and treatment of chronic painDrug therapy in elderlyNormal ageing and age-related common problemsAcute LVF + Acute severe asthmaApproach to comaBioterrorism and disaster management'Cardiopulmonary resuscitation statusDICEmergency management of acute coronary syndromeEpilepticsManagement of hepatic encephalopathySevere sepsis and shockApproach to chronic backacheDegenerative joint disordersInflammatory muscle diseaseRheumatoid arthritisSLESpondyloarthopathiesAddison’s diseaseCushings disease + syndromeDiabetes MellitusHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMetabolic bone disease + Osteoporosis + Vitamin deficiencyParathyroid disorders + TetanyThyroiditis and other thyroid disordersCommon adverse reactionsCommon drug interactionsGeneral principles of drug therapyMonitoring drug therapyRational prescription writing
Medical
100 Marks
Optometrist Grade II
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts recruitment for the post of Optometrist Grade II in the Health Services Department. This role involves primary vision care, including performing eye check-ups, writing prescriptions for contact lenses and glasses, detecting eye abnormalities, and treating specific eye diseases.
75m
16s
#kerala-psc#optometry#medical#health-services#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
OPHTHALMIC EQUIPMENTS & INSTRUMENTS
Sec 1
A scan , Humphrey field charting , TonometerFundus cameraKeratometer , Placido’s disc , RAF ruleMaddox rod , Synoptophore , Hess screenTrial set , Retinoscope , Jackson’s cross cylinder, Autorefractometer
OPTICAL SYSTEM OF NORMAL & ABNORMAL EYE
Sec 2
Accommodation & ConvergenceAnomalies of accommodation and convergenceContact lensOptics of normal eye, Refractive errors & its optics (Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism, Presbyopia & Aphakia)
BASICS OF SQUINT
Sec 3
AmblyopiaBinocular Single Vision , Phorias , Tropias , refraction in squintMeasurement of squint
ANATOMY OF THE EYEBALL
Sec 4
Anatomy of conjunctiva, sclera & corneaAnatomy of eyelidsAnatomy of lacrimal apparatusAnatomy of uveal tract. lens, retinaCoats of the eye & section of the eyeballNames of cranial nerves with more stress to II,III,IV,V,VI&VII cranial nerves and their specific role in vision, ocular and lid movementOcular muscles and orbital walls
OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 5
Antiglaucoma drugs , Cycloplegic drugs , Lubricating drugsCommon antibiotics, antifungals & antivirals used in OphthalmologyNSAIDs & Steroids
PHYSIOLOGY OF VISION
Sec 6
Aqueous humour formation and circulationIntraocular pressure maintenancePhysiology of accommodation & convergencePhysiology of binocular single visionPhysiology of ocular movementsVisual acuity and color vision
REFRACTION & RETINOSCOPY
Sec 7
AutorefractometerCycloplegic refraction & Post mydriatic testDifficulties in retinoscopyPractical retinoscopy and calculationPrescription writingRetinoscopy principles and opticsStreak retinoscopy
SPECTACLES AND INTRAOCULAR LENSES
Sec 8
Bifocals, multifocals and progressive glassesHigh index aphakic glassesIntraocular lens ,Intraocular power calculationIPD measurement , Fitting / adjustment of spectacles ,Transposition
OPERATION THEATRE STERILISATION
Sec 9
Care of surgical instrumentsMaking eye pads ,eye swabs .Eye dressing/banding in Operation theatre
OCULAR TRAUMA
Sec 10
Chemical injuries to the eye and its managementDifferent types of ocular traumaMechanical injuries to the eyeRadiation injuries to the eye
VISION TESTING
Sec 11
Colour vision testingNear vision testingPrinciples of vision testing using Snellen’s chartVision testing in adults, illiterates, infants and children
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 12
Common microbiological investigations ( culture, smears & staining )Various organisms responsible for ocular diseases - bacteria , viruses fungi & parasites.
COMMON DISEASES OF
Sec 13
ConjunctivaCorneaEyelidLacrimal apparatusLensOptic nerveOrbitRetinaUveal tract
GLAUCOMA
Sec 14
Early detectionIntraocular pressure measurementTreatment of glaucomaTypes of glaucomaVisual field charting
COMMUNITY OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 15
Early detection of refractive errors and squint in school childrenOrganization of camps in rural areas
PHYSICS OF OPTICS
Sec 16
Law of reflection & refractionPrismsSpherical and cylindrical lenses
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Insurance Medical Officer ||| Assistant Surgeon ||| Casualty Medical Officer ||| Medical Officer
The Kerala Public Service Commission conducts recruitment for Assistant Insurance Medical Officer, Assistant Surgeon, Casualty Medical Officer, and Medical Officer posts in Insurance Medical Services and Health Services departments.
105m
22s
#kerala-psc#medical#doctor#health-services#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
HUMAN ANATOMY
Sec 1
Abdomen, Pelvis and PerineumBrain and Spinal CordGeneral AnatomyGeneral EmbryologyGeneticsHead and NeckLower LimbThoraxUpper Limb
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 2
Caesarean section (indications, complications)CPD, obstructed labourHypertonic contractions, hypotonic contractions and incoordinate uterine actionVaginal delivery after caesareanElderly primi, grand multipara, Rh negative, Gynaecological disorders complicating pregnancyIntrauterine deathIUGRMultiple pregnanciesPost datismPreterm laborPROM (Premature rupture of membranes)Abnormal presentations and management: Occipito posterior position, Breech presentation, transverse lie, brow/face presentationAbnormal puerperium: cause clinical presentation investigations and managementAbortions: Types, aetiopathology, investigations and managementAcceleration of labor and drugs used in laborActive management of third stage of laborAcute abdomenAdolescent medicine (Gynaecology)AnalgesiaAntenatal care: objectives of antenatal care routine antenatal check up, Assessment of period of gestation, obstetric examination, general examination, other system examinationBreast feedingClinical monitoring of maternal and fetal well being, detect abnormalityCommon problems in Pregnancy - Oedema, Pruritis, heart burn, piles, varicose veins, clothing and foot ware, exercise, sex, hygiene, nutrition, rest, drug in pregnancyContraception: various methods and devices, selection of patients, counselling of the Couples, follow up, side effects, complications, and failure ratesDelivery: stages of labour, management of first of labourDrugs: Immunisation, drug prescription relevant blood examination, urine examination and interpretation of the results and physiological changes in pregnancyDummy pelvis, Mannequins resuscitation of newbornEctopic pregnancy: aetiopatholgy, early diagnosis, late diagnosis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and principles of management (conservative, medical and surgical)Fetal surveillanceFetomaternal medicine: Screening for congenital abnormalities, blood tests (maternal and fetal) Amniotic fluid analysis, fetal tissue biopsyFetal distress: definition, diagnosis and management neonatal resuscitation, care of newborn, examination of newborn and identifying congenital abnormalities, jaundice in newbornAbnormal hysterectomyAbnormal menstruation – definition, classification, clinical features and principles of investigations, diagnosis and managementNormal menstrual cycle – physiology of menstruationAbnormal menstruation:Abnormal vaginal discharge: causes, clinical examination, diagnosis, investigation and management. Counselling regarding prevention of STD’sAmenorrhoea: Definition, classification, causes, investigations and managementColposcopy: Principles instrument, procedureCorrection of enterocele, diagnosis and operation for vault prolapseDysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding: Definition, causes, investigations and managementEndometriosis: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management, contraceptionEndoscopy in gynaecological practiceGenital infections: STDs, PID, HIV infection and AIDS, genital TB – aetiopathology, diagnosis and principles of managementGenital injuries including fistulae: Causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and principles of management and preventionHormonal therapy: when to give, when not to give, type of hormones with dosage, duration of hormonal therapy, complications and contraindications for hormonal therapyHysteroscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, steps in present gynaecological practices and complications.Infertility: Types, definition, causes, counselling, examination of couple and essential investigations, ART: various methods of assisted reproductive techniques, setting up of ART labLaproscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, complication, scope of laproscopy in gynaecological practicesMedical termination of pregnancy, evacuation of incomplete Abortion tubal ligation, IUCD insertionNeoplasms of genital tract – Benign and malignant, aetiopathology, clinical feature, diagnosis, principles of management and cancer screening and preventive aspectsOperative gynaecology: Indications, complications of D&C, cervical biopsyOvarian tumoursRadical procedure for malignancyVaginal hysterectomy, sling proceduresHyperemesis gravidarum: definition, aetiopathology, clinical features advice and drug therapyInduction of labor (various methods of induction – merits and demerits)Labour monitoring partogram, Labour analgesiaManagement of second stage of labour (vaginal delivery with episiotomy)Management of third stage of labor:Mechanism of labourAnaemia in pregnancyDiabetes in pregnancyHeart disease complicating pregnancyHypertensive disorders of pregnancyJaundice in pregnancy Haemorrhage and coagulation disorders in obstetrics and immunology in pregnancyThyroid disorders, immunological disorders like SLE, ACLA, and thrombophilia complicating pregnancyUTI, hepatitis, TB, chest disease complicating pregnancyVeneral disease, infections, HIV complicating pregnancyMTP Act, Legal and ethical aspects, methods, complications and managementNormal LabourAssisted breech delivery, breech extractionCaesarean sectionCervical encirclage extra amniotic instillation and manual removal of placentaExternal cephalic version, internal podalic versionIndication and steps of the procedure of episiotomyInstrumental evacuationVacuum extraction, forceps deliveryOther complications of third stage of labor and managementPhysiology of onset of labor, fetal skull and pelvisManagement of fever, skin wound complications, complications like burst abdomen, intraperitoneal bleeding and intra peritoneal collections, instruments, specimens etc.Routine management of postoperative patient like IV fluids, drugs, antibiotics, ambulation, nutritionPregnancy - Diagnosis, Clinical features, differential diagnosis, relevant tests and the principles underlying the testsPrevention of PPH, Management of PPHRecurrent pregnancy loss: causes, investigations and managementTrophoblastic diseases: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, long term follow up and complicationsUltrasound examinationUltrasound MRI in obstetrics: diagnostic and interventionalUrological problems
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 3
Acute conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Allergic conjunctivitis, Pingencula, pterygium, Xerosis/ bitot spots, Dry eye, Angular conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, subconj hemorrhager, D/D of conjunctival and limbal noduleAngle closure glaucoma, open angle glaucoma, steroid induced glaucoma, lens induced glaucoma including surgery and managementAwareness of amblyopia, types of squint, paralytic, non-paralyticCataract and management, cong. Conditions, surgery and complications, lens abnormality, secondary glaucomas, congenital glaucomaCauses of blindnessCauses of sudden / partial / painless dimension of visionCentral retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma, Pappilledema, optic neuritis, optic atrophyChemical injuries, open globe injuries, closed globe injuries and first aid treatment including sympathetic injuries.Chronic conjunctivitis, Dry eye, membraneous conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitisChronic side effects of systemic medication, local anaesthetics, viscoelastics, steroid and NSAIDSCommon causes of proptosis, orbital cellulites, cavernous sinus thrombosisCorneal Inflammations: Corneal ulcers-bacterial, fungal, viral, Mooren’s ulcer, Vitamin A deficiency and keratomalacia, exposure keratitis, neuroparlytic keratitis, corneal blindness, eye banking, eye donation, keratoplasty, arcus senilis, corneal oedema, deep / interstitial keratitis, degenerations and dystrophies, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Dacryocystitis – congenital, acute, chronic, epiphoraDefinition and types of blindness.Ectropion entropion, trichiasis, ptosis, Iagophthalmos, symblepharon, blepharitis, Chalazion, refractive error, myopia, hypermetropia, Astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia / pseduophakia, Anisometropia, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Enucleation – Indication, techniqueEye and systemic diseases including AIDSEye campsFundus changes in diabetes, hypertension, anaemias, pregnancy induced hypertension, haematological disorders, myopiaIridocylitis, Panophthalmitis, EndophthalmitisLasers in OphthalmologyNPCB, Vision 2020Ocular malignancy – retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma of choroidPharmacologyPhotocoagulationPromotion of eye donationRetinal vascular diseasesScleritis, episcleritisSiderosis bulbi, Chalcosis, medico legal aspects.Symptomatic disturbances of vision, overview of recent advances in ophthalmologySynchisis syntillans, Asteroid hyalosis.Systemic associations of uveitis, Choroiditis, Coloboma iris, ocular albinism, vitreous hemorrhage – causes
PSYCHIATRY
Sec 4
Aetiological factors in psychiatric disordersBipolar disordersClassification of psychiatric disordersClinical interview and mental state examinationDepressive disordersLegal aspects of psychiatryMajor manifestation of psychiatric illnessNeurotic, stress related and somatoform disordersOrganic brain syndromeSchizophreniaSleep disordersSubstance abuseTreatments used in psychiatric illness
FAMILY WELFARE
Sec 5
Applied anatomy of mechanical methods for prevention of conceptionIn female – Barrier contraception, female condom, IUCD, tubectomy etc.In male – Condom, vasectomy (NSV) etcCommunity Medicine: The need for Family Welfare Planning, organization of Family Planning service, Health Education in relating to Family Planning, Nutrition, Physiological need of the mother, the child and the family Demography and the vital statisticsPediatrics: Problems of child health in relation to large family: organization of pediatric services, nutritional problems of mother and child, childhood diseases due to over crowding.Contraindications for administration of contraceptives. Side effects of contraceptivesMode of action and administration of chemical contraceptives and oral contraceptivePhysiology, endocrine and regulation of reproduction in the female. The safe period-rhythm method of contraception, principle of use of oral contraceptives.
SURGERY AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 6
Arteries - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, trauma, acute ischaemia, chronic ischaemia, Arterial aneurysms and A. V. fistula, amputationsATLS, poly trauma, disaster managementBiliary system – congential disorders, gall stone, cholecystitis, CholangocarcinomaChest – diaphragm, mediastinum, chest injuries: Thoracic outlet compression syndrome, heart and pericardium, pleura and lungs.Critically injured patient including TriageDifferent types of wounds and their managementFluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional supportGastrointestinal tract – oesophagus, anatomy and physiology, congential anomalies, dysphagia, achalasia and other motility disorders, oesophageal perforation, gastrooesophageal reflux diseases, tumours.Genitourinary system – congenital conditions, trauma, infections, stones, hydronephrosis, tumours of kidney, tumours of bladder, retention of urinary bladder, haematuria, torsion, undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, carcinoma penis, phimosis, prostate testicular tumours, benign prostatic hypertrophy, carcinoma prostate, adrenal gland surgery pheochromacytoma and conn syndrome.Head and neck - Head injuries, facio maxillary injuries, salivary glands, mouth and face, cleft lip, cleft palate, oral cancers and premalignant conditions, jaw tumours, ranula, misc-Branchial cysts, arid fistula, carotid body tumours.Immunology and organ transplantation, HIV and surgeon, Hepatitis BInflammations – Lymphangitis, lymphadentis, malignant neoplasms – lymphomasLiver – Applied anatomy and physiology, trauma, liver abscess, cysts of the liver, portal hypertension, tumours, principles and management of obstructive jaundice.Lymphatics and lymph nodes - Applied Anatomy and physiology, lymph oedema – primary, secondary, lymph cyst – cystic hygromaMetabolic response to traumaMiscellaneous – Abdominal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, peritoneum and retroperitoneum, hernia and abdominal wall, mesentery, surgical audit and day care surgeryPancreas – Anatomy, development and physiology, congenital anomalies, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis including calcific pancreatitis, tumours, surgical jaundicePre-operative and post-operative care – emphasis on intensive care and high dependency sterilizationPrinciples of imaging techniquesPrinciples of Surgery, genetics, history of surgery, surgical ethicsRectum and anal canal – ano-rectal anomalies, prolapse, haemorrhoids, ano-rectal sepsis, fissure, fistula, tumourShock: Types, pathogenesis and management, Haemorrhage, Haemostasis, Blood transfusion, BurnsNormal structure – Ulcers, sinus and fistula, cysts and benign tumoursPre-malignant conditions, malignant tumours, skin coverSmall and large intestine – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease including typhoid, tuberculosis, tumours, intestinal obstruction.Spleen – Anatomy and physiology, trauma – splenic conservation, indication for splenectomyStomach and Duodenum – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital, peptic ulcer disease (APD), Upper GI haemorrhage, tumours, pyloric stenosisSurgical sepsis – specific infection, Nosocomial infection, antibiotic policySuture materials and anastomosisThyroid and parathyroid thyroglossal cyst and fistula Breast - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, fibrocystic diseases, inflammation, tumoursTraumaVeins - Applied anatomy and physiology, varicose veins and venous ulcers, DVT and superficial thrombophlebitisVermiform appendix – Anatomy, appendicitis, neoplasmWound healing and complications
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIO-PHYSICS
Sec 7
AuditionCardiovascular SystemEndocrinologyGastrointestinal SystemHematologyNerve - muscle physiologyNervous SystemPhysiology of ReproductionRenal SystemRespiratory SystemSkin and Temperature regulationSpecial Senses
PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 8
Autacoids and related drugsAutonomic nervous systemCardiovascular systemCentral nervous systemChemotherapyDrugs acting on Endocrine systemDrugs affecting blood and blood formationGeneral pharmacology and basic concepts of clinical pharmacologyGITInfective/Parasitic conditionsMedical emergenciesMiscellaneousNational health programmesRespiratory systemToxicology
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Sec 9
Basic epidemiologyBio-statisticsCharacteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multifactorial etiology of disease.Definition of health, holistic concepts of health including the concept of spiritual health, appreciation of health as a relative concept, dimensions and determinants of healthDefinition, concepts and evolution (history) of public healthHealth profile of IndiaIntroduction to various health indicatorsUnderstanding the concept of prevention and control of diseaseUnderstanding the natural history of disease and application of interventions at various levels of preventionsDemography and vital statisticsDevelopment and health interfaceDisabilityDisaster managementAwareness of standards of housing and its effect of housing on health.Concepts of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal.Concepts of water conservation, rainwater harvesting and global warming.Health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation pollution.Identifying the features of vectors and their control measures.Life cycles of vectors and advantages and limitations of various vector control measures.Mode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides.Physical, Chemical and bacteriological standards of drinking water quality and tests of assessing bacteriological quality of waterRadiation prevention and controlBasel conventionKyoto ProtocolStockholm conventionRecent issue in environmental health.Role of vectors in the causation of diseases.Urban waste management.Water: concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of waterborne diseases, water purification process, water quality standards.Epidemiology of specific diseases: Communicable and noncommunicableHealth care of elderlyHealth care system in IndiaHealth care waste managementHealth planning, management and administrationHealth promotion and education / communication for behavioural change (Information, education, communication)International healthLegislation and public healthMental health and behavioural problemsNutritionOccupational healthReproductive and child healthSchool healthAssessment of barriers to good health and health seeking behaviourAssessment of socio-economic status, effect of health and illness on socio-economic statusAttitude, Behaviour, habitsConcept of sociology and behavioural science, Clinico-socio-cultural and demographic evaluation of the individual, family and communityConflicts – internal, interpersonal and conflict resolutions, defense mechanismsDevelopment and health interface – poverty and health, poverty alleviation programme, health of the marginalized, sustainable and inclusive developmentDoctor-patient relationshipEmotions, frustrations, role of emotions in health and coping with emotionsEthicsGender and health including gender based violence, epidemiology of violence and its prevention and control life skill educationImpact of urbanization on health and diseaseIntelligence – IQ and EQLearning – Types and skillsPersonality – Types, Interpersonal relationshipsPoverty link to health and disease and poverty alleviation programmesRole of family in health and diseaseSocial psychology, community behaviour and community relationship, hospital sociology and psychologySocial security – health insurance: Organized sector, unorganized sector, special groups (Eg: elderly)Socio-cultural factors related to health and disease in the context of urban and rural societiesStress and coping skills – integrated (Psychiatry)Urban health
PAEDIATRIC
Sec 10
Behavioural problems in children - Enuresis, thumb sucking, breath holding, dyslexia, specific learning disorders, child rearing problems like infantile colic, growing pain etcCNS - Cerebral palsy, mental retardation, meningitis and encephalitis, seizure disorders and febrile seizures, microcephaly and hydrocephalus, floppy infant, therapeuticsCommon chromosomal disorders and genetic counselling - Down’s syndrome, Turner syndrome.Common poisoning and accidents in children - Kerosene, Dhatura, paracetamol and iron, snake bite, burns etc.Connective tissue disorders - JRA, other vasculitis syndromes including SLE and HSP, Kawasaki diseaseCVS - Congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever and RHD, CCF, hypertension, infective endocarditis.Disorders of kidney - acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, urinary tract infectionEndocrine disorder - diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, short stature and intersex, ambigous genitalia, precocious pubertyFragile X and Genetic counselling,Diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis and hepatic failure, cirrhosis liver and portal hypertension.Helminthic infestations.Haemopoietic system - anaemia in children, bleeding disordersPoliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, childhood tuberculosis, typhoid fever, HIV infection, dengue and chikungunya, viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria. Pertussis, mumps, rubella, influenza, H1N1, seasonal epidemicsInnocent problems causing undue parental anxiety breath holding spell, evening colic, growing pain etc.Malignancies in children - leukemia, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, solid tumours, CNS tumours, new born respiratory distress in newborn, perinatal diagnosis and treatment, sepsis in newborn, assessment and management of asphyxia, thermoregulation in newborn congenital malformations, disorders of gestation and low birth weight, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, BFHI and feeding, normal variations intrauterine infections, neonatal seizuresNational programmes - IMNCI, RCH3, NRHM, Vitamin A, Iodine deficiency, IDSP, ARI, ADD, AFP & PPINutrition - BFHI, IYCF Nutritional assessment, SAM, specific vitamin deficiency disordersRespiratory system - Childhood asthma, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonias in children suppurative lung disease, smoking and environmental pollution, Croup syndromesTreatment of epilepsy, GBS, ADEM
BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 11
Biochemistry of CancerCarbohydratesClinical ChemistryHaemoglobinLipidsMaintenance of HomeostasisMetabolism of Amino acidsMetabolism of LipidsMineral MetabolismNucleic Acids and Molecular BiologyPlasma Proteins and ImmunoglobulinsProteinsVitamins
RADIOLOGY
Sec 12
Biological changesEmergency radiologyGastrointestinal systemGenitourinary systemHepatobiliary systemNeuroimaging modalitiesProduction of X-raysSkeletal radiology chest and Mediastinum
DERMATOLOGY
Sec 13
Bullous skin lesion collagen disorderEczematous dermatitisGastrogenic disordersInfections of skinLeprosy and national leprosy control programmesLesions of skin appendagesMaculopapular,Neoplastic lesionsPigmentary disturbancesSquamous lesion
RADIOTHERAPY
Sec 14
Cancer epidemiology and possible etiological factors, screening for cancerCommon malignancies, diagnosis and treatmentHormone treatment in cancerMethods of radiotherapy and recent advancesPrinciples of cancer chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancerPrinciples of radiation oncology, radioactive sources – Teletherapy, Brachial therapy and nuclear medicine
ANAESTHESIOLOGY
Sec 15
Cardio-pulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, basic cardiac life support (BCLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)Complication in anaesthesia and post-operative periodEquipments in anaesthesia and methods of oxygen therapyGeneral anaesthesia – Basal anaesthesia triads of anaesthesia Inhalational agentsIntravenous anaesthetic agentsIntravenous fluid therapy, intraoperative monitoringIntroduction – scope of AnaesthesiologyMethods of pain reliefPre-anaesthetic check-up premedicationRegional analgesia – subarachnoid and epidural analgesia, other techniques of regional analgesia and agents used.
PATHOLOGY
Sec 16
Cardiovascular pathologyCell injuryCirculatory disturbancesDermato-pathologyEndocrine PathologyGrowth disturbancesHaematopathologyInfectious diseasesLiver and Biliary tract pathologyLymphoreticular system.Miscellaneous disordersNeuropathologyOsteopathologyPathology of gastrointestinal tractRenal and urinary tract pathologyReproductive system.Respiratory pathology
MEDICINE AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 17
AnatomyApproach to a case of vertigoCerebellar disordersCNS tuberculosisDementias, DeliriumDemyelinationEndocrine disease related to gonadsExtrapyramidal disordersFunctionalHemorrhagic strokeMigraine and cluster headacheMotor neuron disease and myastheniaPeripheral NeuropathyPhysiology and InvestigationPituitary dysfunction and tumourSeizures and epilepsy IschemicSpinal cord disordersStrokeCommon adverse reactionsCommon drug interactionsGeneral principles of drug therapyMonitoring drug therapyRational prescription writingAcute LVF + Acute severe asthmaApproach to comaBioterrorism and disaster managementCardiopulmonary resuscitation statusDICEmergency management of acute coronary syndromeEpilepticsManagement of hepatic encephalopathySevere sepsis and shockCardiac failureCardiomyopathiesCongenital heart disordersCoronary artery diseasesCoronary circulationCorpulomonaleDVT + pulmonary embolismECG and X-ray interpretationHypertension and hypertensive heart diseaseInfective endocarditisPericardial diseasePeripheral vascular diseasesRheumatic fever and RHDRhythm disturbancesDisturbance of body temperatureAddison’s diseaseCushings disease + syndromeDiabetes MellitusHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMetabolic bone disease + Osteoporosis + Vitamin deficiencyParathyroid disorders + TetanyThyroiditis and other thyroid disordersAlcohol abuseBites and stings, snake bite, scorpion sting + othersCommon poisonings organophosphate and carbamate sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, TCA, Rat poison + paracetamol, formic acid, methyl alcohol, OdollumHanging, drowning, electrical injuriesRadiation hazardsAcidosisAlkalosisHypokalemia + HyperkalemiaHyponatremia + HypernatremiaHypovolemia and dehydrationClinical GeneticsDrug therapy in elderlyNormal ageing and age-related common problemsAbdominal tuberculosisAcid peptic diseasesApproach to patient with AscitesApproach to patient with JaundiceChronic liver diseaseDisease of colon and rectumDrug / toxin induced hepatitis and NASHHaemochromatosis and Wilson’s diseaseIBSInflammatory bowel diseaseMalabsorption syndrome and tropical spruePhysiology of absorption and investigation proceduresUpper GI bleedAcute LeukemiasAplastic anaemia + AgranulocytosisBleeding disordersChronic LeukemiasCoagulation disordersDeficiency anaemiaHaemolytic anaemias FeHUS and TTPLymphomaMacrocyte and Megaloblastic anaemiaPlasma cell disordersPolycythemiaAnaphylaxis, Urticaria, AngioedemasImmune reactionImmunoglobulinRole of B and T LymphocytesAcute viral hepatitis chronicAmoebiasisApproach to fever and PUOBrucellosisChickenpox,ChickungunyaCommon exanthematous feversCommon fungal infectionsCommon gram negative infectionsCommon gram positive infectionsDengue fever,FilariasisGastroenteritis, Cholera, food poisoningHelminthic infections, Bacillary dysenteryHerpes zosterHIV AIDSInfluenza and other respiratory viral infectionsLeptospirosisLRTI – Bronchitis and community acquired pneumoniaMeningitisRabiesRicketsiaSepsisSkin and soft tissue infections including cellulitisTetanusTuberculosisTyphoid,URI including sinusitisUTIViral hepatitis malariaMedical disorders in pregnancyHypo and Hypervitaminosis A & DNutrition requirementsObesityProtein calorie malnutrition in adultsVitamin deficienciesVitamin excessAssessment and treatment of chronic painPrimary Immune deficiency disordersAcute renal failureChronic renal failureGlomerular diseaseNephrotic syndrome RFTBronchial asthmaBronchogenic carcinomaCOPDILDPleural diseasesRespiratory failureSuppurative lung diseaseApproach to chronic backacheDegenerative joint disordersInflammatory muscle diseaseRheumatoid arthritisSLESpondyloarthopathies
ORTHOPAEDICS
Sec 18
Bone, tumour, osteochondroma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst and endochondroma, giant cell tumour, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone diseases and osteogenesis imperfectaCDHCTEV and flat footIntervertebral disc prolapseNerve injuries – Radial nerve, ulnar nerve, sciatic nerve, amputations and osteoarthrosis hip, knee, cerebral palsyPerthe’s disease and slipped upper femoral epiphysisRheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitisRickets and osteomalaciaScoliosis and spondylothesisTorticollis, congential pseudoarthrosis of tibia and arthrgryphosis multiplex congenita ostemyelitis septic arthritis tuberculosis – spine, hip, knee, elbow, wrist and other sitesAnkle injuries – Pott’s fractureColle’s fracture and fracture scaphoidComplications of fracture – open fractures and pathological fractureDefinition of a fracture and types of fracture and general principles of management of fractureElbow dislocation and forearm fractureExtensor mechanism injuries of kneeFracture clavicle, fracture neck of humerus and shoulder dislocationFracture humems (Shaft) and supracondylar fractureFracture of tarsal bonesFracture pelvis and hip fracture – fracture of femurFracture spine and traumatic paraplegiaHand injuriesHip dislocation and fracture shaft of femurIntercondylar fracture and Olecranon fractureLeg fractureMeniscus tear and fracture patellaMonteggia fracture and Galeazzi’s fracture
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Sec 19
Disability evaluation – principles people with disabilities Act – 1995Introduction to physical medicine and rehabilitation disability process and progression of disabilities concept of Impairment / disability and hard capPain management principlesPrinciples of occupational therapy its application in the rehabilitation of various disabilitiesPrinciples of physical therapy – various modalities and therapeutic exercisesPrinciples of prosthetics and rehabilitation aids their application in the rehabilitation of disabilitiesPrinciples of rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo get exposed to the potentials of socia-vocation rehabilitation of the various describing conditions in the light of the 1995 Act people with disabilities (equal opportunities etc) Act 1995To get oriented to basic principles of community based rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo understand the basic principles of disability conclusion and for certification purposes
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Sec 20
Disease of inner ear: Vertigo – classification, causes, investigations and management (special mention of Meniere’s disease, positional vertigo and acoustic neuroma)Introduction to diseases of ear Topics: Diseases of external ear (with special mention on wax, otomycosis, foreign body, keratosis and malignant otitis externa. Diseases of middle ear: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media – TTD, AAD, complications of middle ear infections. Deafness – classification, causes, investigations, early detection of deafness in children and rehabilitation (special mention to audiometry, otosclerosis, learning and speech rehabilitation.Acute sinusitis (in detail), chronic sinusitis (in detail)Complications of infections of nose and paranasal sinusesFacio-maxillary injuries (in detail), epistaxis, DNS and nasal polyp (special emphasis on FESS)Rhinitis – etiology, classification and management (special mention of allergic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis and allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis.)Tumours of nose and PNS (special mention of inverted papilloma, naso-pharyngeal angiofibroma and malignancy)Dysphagia – causes, investigations and management (special mention of malignancy)Foreign bodies of aero-digestive tract – diagnosis, management and complications, endoscopies in ENTHoarseness – diagnosis and managementMalignant lesions of larynx and laryngo-pharynxNeck space infections – Ludwig’s angina, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscessStridor – diagnosis and managementTonsils and adenoids (special mention of Qunisy, patches in oral cavity and pharynx)
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
Sec 21
Asphyxial deaths: Definition, causes, types, post-mortem appearances and medico legal significance of violent asphyxia deaths like hanging, strangulation, suffocation, smothering, choking, drowning, traumatic asphyxia.Blood – preservation and dispatch of samples, importance of blood groups in disputed paternity, hazards of blood transfusion.Principles of laboratory tests for identification of the above and interpretation of the results.Seminal and salivary stains preservation, dispatch and importance of grouping.Biological fluids:Algor mortis, Livor mortis, Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening, heat stiffeningCommon post mortem artifacts.Decomposition, modified forms of decomposition, estimation of time since death.Court procedures. Summons, warrant, Conduct money, Oath / affirmation, types of witnesses, recording of evidence, conduct of doctor in witness box, perjury, hostile witness.Courts in India and their powers. Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions Court, Assistant Sessions Court and Magistrate Courts.Death sexDefinition of forensic medicine, forensic pathology and medical jurisprudenceDefinition, diagnosis and certification (as per MCCD rules), somatic, molecular and brain death. Sudden natural deaths, suspended animation. Changes after death.Civil and criminal responsibilities of mentally ill persons.Definition and brief overview of common mental illnesses.Indian mental health act with special reference to admission, care and discharge of mentally ill persons.True and feigned mental illnesses.Forensic psychiatry:Abortion, MTP, sexual sterilization, artificial insemination and their legal aspects.Legal aspects of the above.Potency, sterility, virginity, pregnancy, delivery.Sexual offences and abnormal sexual practices.Human sexual functions:IdentificationDefinition.Identification of persons, dead bodies and remains of a person by sex, age, biometry, dental features, scars, moles, tattoos, dactylography, personal belongings, photography, superimposition, DNA.Infant and childhood deaths: Viability and determination of intrauterine age of the foetus, live birth, still birth, dead born. Sudden infant death syndrome, child abuse.Inquest proceduresIntroduction to the subject, historical aspects of forensic medicineMechanical injuries or woundsClassification of injuries, description of blunt force and sharp force injuries.Definition of wound, injury, hurt, assault, battery.Fire arms – principles, types, examination and interpretation of fire arm wounds. Comparison microscopy.Injuries due to physical agents and their medico legal importance: Heat, cold, electricity and lightning. Explosion injuries.Injuries due to traffic occurrences.Medico legal aspects of injuries: Difference between ante mortem and post-mortem injuries, determination of different types of injuries, defense wounds, hesitation cuts, fabricated injuries, simple and grievous hurt, suicidal, accidental and homicidal injuries, causes of death by mechanical injuries, legal classification of fatal injuries.Regional injuries: Injuries to head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, genitalia, vertebral column and bones.Medical certificates and medico legal reports. Birth, death, wound, drunkenness, potency, offence cases, intimation, notification.Certification of births, deaths, illness, fitness, disability.Consent: Types, age in relation to consent, consent in relation to mental illness and alcohol intoxication, consent in emergency situations.Consumer protection act.Duties and rights and privileges of a registered medical practitioner.Indian medical council and state medical councils, their functions and disciplinary control.Medical negligence: Civil, criminal, contributory negligence, vicarious responsibility, res ipsa loquitur, prevention of medical negligence and defence in medical negligence suits.Professional conduct, etiquette and ethics in medical practice.Professional secrecy and privileged communication.Medical jurisprudence:Medico legal aspects of deaths due to starvation-forced feeding.Medico legal autopsy and exhumationDefinition of medico legal and clinical / pathological autopsy.Objectives, procedures and formalities of medico legal autopsy.Preservation of articles and tissues of importance during autopsy.Chloral hydrateConvulsants: Strychnine.Definition and general principles of management of a case of poisoning.Animal poisons: snake and scorpion bites.Asphyxiants: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide and Cyanides.Cardiac Poisons: Cerbera Odollam, Cerbera thevitia, Nerium odorum.Corrosive poisons: strong mineral acids, alkalies and organic acids – (carbolic, formic and oxalic acid).Deliriants: Dhatura, Cannabis and Cocaine.Inebriants: Methyl and Ethyl alcohol.Insecticides: Organophosphorous compounds, carbamates and Organocholoro compounds, Aluminium phosphide and Zinc phosphide.Metallic poisons: Lead, Arsenic and Iron.Diagnosis and principles of therapy and medico legal aspects of the following poisons, giving special emphasis to those of regional importance.Drug abuse and dependence.Inorganic non metallic poisons: Phosphorous.Mechanical poisons.Medico legal duties of a doctor in a case of poisoning, preservation dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis. Role of chemical examiner’s laboratory and forensic science laboratory in brief.Organic vegetable irritants: Abrus precatorius, capsicum, calotropis, Semicarpus anacardium, Croton.Paralytic agents: Curare.War gases and industrial gases.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 22
Antibacterial agents and antibiotic sensitivity testBacterial geneticsGrowth, nutrition culture mediaIdentification of bacteriaInfection – Source and spread of infectionIntroduction to microbiologyMorphology of bacteria comparison with other microbial formsResponse to microbial infectionsSterilisation and disinfectionAntigen, antibodiesAutoimmunityComplement in health and diseasesHLA antigens in health and diseasesHypersensitivityImmunodeficiency diseasesImmunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyIntroduction, classification, type and cells involved in immunitySerological test in medical practicesTumour and transplantationIntroduction – classification of fungi and general principles of lab diagnosisOppurtunistic fungiSubcutaneous infections – Mycetoma, RhinosporidiosisSuperficial infectionsSystematic mycosisHelminthus – intestinal nematodes, tissue nematodes, cestodes, trematodes – laboratory diagnosis of helminthic infectionsIntroduction of parasitic diseaseProtozoal infections – Amoebiasis, Plasmodium, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Trichomonas, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis – laboratory diagnosis of protozoal infectionClostridia, Nonsporing anaerobesGram negative Bacillus-Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Enterobacteria / YersiniaGram negative Cocci- NeisseriaGram positive Bacilli-Corynebacterium, Listeria, BacillusGram positive Cocci-Stapohylococci, Streptococci, PneumococciMycobacteria, Nocardia, ActinomycesMycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, ChlamydiaPseudomonas, Pasteurella, AcinetobacterSpirochetesVibrio / CampylobacterArbovirusesBacteriophagesGeneral characteristics of virusesHepatitis, MiscellaneousMyxovirusesOncogenic virusesPapova, RetrovirusPicorna virusPox virus, Herpes, AdenovirusReplication of virusRhabdo virusVirus host interaction
Medical
100 Marks
BLOOD BANK TECHNICIAN GRADE II
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for the post of Blood Bank Technician Grade II in the Medical Education Service/Health Services Department.
90m
5s
#kerala-psc#blood-bank-technician#medical-laboratory#clinical-pathology#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
Haematology
Sec 1
Anaemia: classification of anaemia. Describe about the symptoms and lab diagnosis of IDA, sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia, megaloblastic anaemia, pernicious anaemia, H. spherocytic anaemia.Anticoagulants: EDTA, Double oxalate, Heparin , Trisodium citrate etc.Blood coagulation and haemostasis: Describe the whole blood coagulation time, clot retraction test, clot lysis test, bleeding time, tourniquet test, one stage prothrombin time test, partial thromboplastin time test.Blood parasites: Describe about Malaria, Kala azar, Trypanosomes and Microfilariae.Calculation and interpretation of Red cell indices.Collection of blood: Describe the Capillary and venous blood collection. Technique of collection by finger prick, earlobe incision, venepuncture. Method of collection from infants.Describe about the composition of bloodESR estimation: Describe various methods.Haematopoisis: Describe about the development of red cells, leucocytes and thrombocytes- demonstration.Haemoglobin: Describe the structure, function of Hb.Leukaemia: Describe the classification of lukaemia. Clinical symptoms and lab diagnosis of AML, ALL, CML, CLL and Multiple myeloma.Normal and abnormal blood cell morphology. Their functions and identification.PCV: Macro and micro methods in detail.Preparation and examination of thin and thick smear.Sickle cell preparation, LE cell preparation, Osmotic fragility test: principle, method and interpretation.Staining: Describe Romanowsky stains. Preparation of Leishmans, Wrights, Fields and Simeons stain.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 2
Describe about the antibiotics in common use.Describe the different methods for sensitivity test: - diffusion test, dilution test (MIC and MBC estimation).Preparation and storage of antibiotics for susceptibility test.Describe the composition, preparation, pH adjustment, sterilization and storage.Important culture medias are : nutrient broth, peptone water, glucose broth, bile broth, nutrient agar, blood agar, MC conkeys agar, chocolate agar, Muller Hinton agar, alkaline peptone water, carry blair medium, L J medium, Loefflers serum, XLD agar, TCBS agar, Robertsons cooked meat medium.Types of media are: simple, complex, synthetic or defined, enriched, enrichment, selective, indicator, differential, sugar, transport, aerobic and anaerobic media.Describe about fluorescent antibody test, ELISA.Describe immunology and immunity.Describe various antigen antibody reactions.Serology:- Describe the principle, procedure and interpretation of agglutination (Widal, Weil-felix test, Paul-bunnel test, Coombs test.) Precipitation (Eleks test,VDRL test, RPR card test) Neutralisation (ASO test.)Growth requirements:- water, a source of carbon, oxygen, temperature, H-ion concentration, light.Morphological classification: based on shape of bacteria:- cocci, bacilli, vibrios, spirilla, spirochaetes,actinomycetes, mycoplasmas.Describe about staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, meningococci, gonococci, corynebacteria, mycobacteria, enterobacteriaceae, spirochaetes, vibrios, pseudomonas, anaerobic spirochaetes, aerobic spore bearers, other anaerobic bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia.Clinical mycology:- Desribe the collection of specimens like swabs, biopsy materials, pus, blood, skin scrapings, sputum etc.Cultivation:- Sabourauds dextrose agar, special solid media, slide culture in identification.Describe the common diseases of fungal origin:- cutaneous, subcutaneous, submucous, systemic.Desribe the classification of fungus: Yeast, yeast like,filamentous, dimorphic fungi.Enumerate the common contaminant fungi. Describe the morphology, cultural characteristics and methods for identification.Oppurtunistic fungal infections.Processing of specimen:- Microscopy-KOH preparation, LPCB preparation, grams stain, negative stain.Stain:-Lactophenol cotton blue.Concentration methods.Describe about protozoa, nematodes cestodes and trematodes. Describe about the morphology, life cycle and lab diagnosis of these parasites.Morphology and classification:- Protozoa and helminthes.Processing of specimens in parasitology:- Microscopy-blood smear(thin and thick smear).Stoolexamination for parasites, parasitic ova, larva-their identification.Describe microscopy, culture, biochemical identification, serological identification, pathogenicity test and antibiotic sensitivity test.Describe different methods of staining: simple, differential, special and negative staining.Important bacterial stains are: Grams stain, acid fast stain and modified acid fast stain.Their principles, methods and application.Describe the various sterilization methods: dry heat, moist heat, filtration, radiation, ultrasonic and sonic vibrations.Introduction to disinfection: Define. Describe various important disinfectants and antiseptics: alcohols, aldehydes, dyes, halogens, phenols, gases. Their action and application.Clinical virology:-Collection of specimens- throat swab, throat washings, respiratory secretions, CSF, stool, specimens from skin lesions, biopsy materials etc. Describe the transportation of specimens.Describe the structure, classification of DNA viruses and RNA viruses. Describe the morphology, cultivation and identification of viruses.Medically important viruses:- special emphasis on Hepatitis and HIV infections.Special care in handling of specimens from patients with HBV and HIV infections.Staining:-Fluorescent antibody techniques.Virus isolation:- Animal embryo, eggs, cell culture. Describe virus inclusions in diagnosis.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 3
Estimation of Blood urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus,sodium, potassium, bicarbonates, amylases, phosphatases,LDH aqnd CPK in blood.Urea and creatinine clearance tests.Define Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis.Describe about the classification of carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides with examples.Describe The Embden-Mayerhof pathway of Glucose metabolism.Diabetes mellitus:- Classification of Diabetes mellitus: IDDM, NIDDM. New classification: type1, type2,other specific types and gestational diabetes.Diseases related to increased Bl.glucose value.Describe various estimations used for blood glucose.G.T.T. various methods and interpretation.Glycosuria- methods for detectionGlycosylated Hb.(HbA1C): definition. Methods of estimation and Normal range.Hormonal regulation of blood sugar.Normal values of Blood sugar:FBS, PPBS, RBS.Pentosuria-methods for detection.Properties of glucose, fructose, sucrose ,lactose and galactose. Define glycolysis.Define. Describe various methods. Describe urine aminogram.Cleaning of Laboratory glassware and plasticware: describe various methods.Describe about different cleaning solutions. Preparation of chromic acid. Eg.for different cleaning solutions.Blood collection by using vacutainers.Blood:-Desribe about the collection of blood: venipuncture and capillary puncture.Mention about the various blood collection sites in children and adults.Methosds for separation of serum and plasma.Preparation of anticoagulated bulbs and tubes for blood collection: sodium fluoride, heparin, EDTA, citrate, oxalates.Urine:- Methods for collection of urine.Describe about various urine preservative.Desribe the principle of colorimetric analysis.Describe the working principle of spectrophotometer and fluorometer.Describe the physical and chemical examination.Estimation of chloride, sugar and protein in CSF.Various methods. Separation of serum protein fractions . Normal and abnormal patterns.Cholesterol synthesis. Role of liver in cholesterol metabolism. Different methods of estimation. Normal value and interpretation.Ketone bodies: Describe Ketonemia and ketosuria.Plasma lipoprotein: LDL, HDL,VLDL and Chylomicrons. Lipid profile tests and normal values.Significance of Triglycerides.Define pH.Describe various methods for pH detection.Describe Henderson and Hasselbatch equation.Describe about the preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, silver nitrate and potassium permanganate.Preparation of Normal , Molar and Percent solutions.Basic knowledge about the structure of proteins:Primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary structure of protein.Describe the transaminase reactions.Fractionation of protein by electrophoresis.Total protein and albumin estimation methods.Totla protein normal value and interpretation.QC in Biochemistry: only basicsDescribe the methods for detection of specific gravity and pH reaction of urine.Detection of abnormal chemical constituents like protein, sugar, ketone bodies, bile salts, bile pigments, blood and urobilinogen.Estimation of VMA, 17- ketosteroid and 5-HIAA in urine.Various tests for Bence jones protein.
PATHOLOGY
Sec 4
ABO distribution among Indian population in percentage.Antibody titration:- Describe the technique. Mention minimum required titre for anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, anti-Rh(D) and Coombs sera.Blood bank records:- briefly describe about the donor register, patient record, cross matching record, components register, issue register etc.Coombs test:-Describe direct coombs and indirect coombs test. Their applications.Describe ABO group of offspring from the various possible ABO mating.Describe about human blood group systems:- ABO, Rh ,P MNSs, Lewis, Luthern, Ii, Kidd, Duffy, Kell etc. Describe about subgroups of ABO system. Other variants of ABO blood group(Bombay blood group).Donor selection criteria:-Describe the criteria for selection. Describe the Hb screening technique using Copper sulfate method.Essential components in Blood bank:- Refrigerator, agitator, blood bank centrifuge, equipments in donors bleeding room and component separation room.Plasma and plasma substitutes:- Describe the preparation and storage of FFP, PRP and PPP.Rh blood group system:- Mention different Rh antigens.Rh typing methods (using complete and incomplete anti-D)Rh-HDN :- significance. Prevention methods for Rh-HDN.Tests on donor blood:-Describe grouping, cross matching and serological tests on donors blood.Transfusion reactions:- Describe Immunological (immediate and delayed type), Non immunological(immediate and delayed type).Basic principle of Immuno histo chemistry.Brief description about abnormal chromosomes.Cytogenetics:- Define Karyotyping.Cytology:- Describe the collection, preparation of smears , fixation, staining.Decalcification:-Different methods. Preparation of reagents used.Defects of processing:- rectification of defects.Describe about PAP stain, Shorrs stain.Describe in detail about the recognition and correction of faults occurring in blocks and sections.Describe the Buccal smear preparation. Barr body demonstration.Fixation:-Describe the purpose of fixation. Classification of fixatives according to ingredients, mode of action and materials used. Preparation and use of following fixatives: 10%of neutral formalin, formol saline, Zenkers acetic acid, Zenkers formalin, Carnoys fluid.Frozen sections:- Describe about freezing microtomes. Principle and use of Freezing microtomes. Preparation of frozen sections and staining. Advantages of frozen sections. Describe about cryostat.Methods of removing formalin pigment from sections.Microtome knives- different types. Sharpening and care of knives.Microtomes:-Describe various microtomes with principle, working , advantages and disadvantages of Rotary, rocking, sledge, and freezing microtomes.Preparation of paraffin sections:- Describe various stages in tissue processing (dehydration, clearing, infiltration). Different methods of embedding. Describe the principle and use of vaccum embedding.Principle, operation and care of automatic tissue processors.Staining:- Describe the principle of staining. Describe the principle, procedure and result of following Stains: Ehrlichs, Mayers, and Harris haematoxylins; Van Giesons stain, Reticulin stain, PAS, Perls Prussian blue, Rubianic acid, Masson Fontana, AFB stain, PTAH stain.Treatment of blocks before cutting.
Clinical Pathology
Sec 5
CSF examination: Describe the Physical, chemical and microscopical examination of CSF.Differentiate between Transudate and Exudate.Other body fluids: Describe about the pleural, pericardial, synovial and peritoneal fluid examination.Pregnancy test: Describe about the Bio assays and Immunological assays for pregnancy detection.Semen analysis: Describe about the Physical, microscopical and chemical examination of semen.Sputum examination: Describe about the physical, microscopical examination of sputum.Stool examination: Chemical and microscopic examination in detail. Describe about the occult blood test in stool.Urinalysis: Physical, chemical and microscopical examination of urine in detail.
Medical
100 Marks
General Physiotherapist ||| Physiotherapist
The Kerala Public Service Commission conducts examinations for the recruitment of General Physiotherapists in the Health Services Department and Physiotherapists in Ayurveda Colleges.
120m
9s
#kerala-psc#physiotherapy#medical#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
Module - VII
Sec 1
Abdominal Surgeries - Management of Pulmonary Restorative Dysfunction following Surgical procedures on Abdomen and ThoraxApplied Yoga in Cardio-respiratory conditionsBedside assessment of the patient-Adult & PediatricBurns management - Role of physiotherapy in the management of burns, post grafted cases- Mobilization and Musculo-skeletal restorative exercises following burnsCardiac Rehabilitation.Health Fitness and Promotion: Fitness Evaluation, Analysis of Body composistion, Evaluation and prescription of Exercise, Factors affecting exercise Performance, Exercise Prescription for Specific groups : Elderly, Women and Children.Introduction to ICU : ICU monitoring –Apparatus, Airways and Tubes used in the ICU - Physiotherapy in the ICU – Common conditions in the ICU – Tetanus, Head Injury, Lung Disease, Pulmonary Oedema, Multiple Organ Failure, Neuromuscular Disease, Smoke Inhalation, Poisoning, Aspiration, Near Drowning, ARDS, Shock; Dealing with an Emergency Situation in the ICU.Investigations and tests – Exercise tolerance Testing – Cardiac & Pulmonary, Radiographs, PFT, ABG, ECG, Hematological and Biochemical TestsManagement of Amputations following Diabetes, PVD - Prosthesis in amputations of lower limbs following ulcers and gangrenesManagement of breathlessnessManagement of wound ulcers- Care of ulcers and wounds - Care of surgical scars-U.V.R and other electro therapeutics for healing of wounds, prevention of Hypergranulated Scars Keoloids, Electrotherapeutics measures for relief of pain during mobilization of scars tissues.Neonatal and Pediatric Physiotherapy – Chest physiotherapy for children, The neonatal unit, Modifications of chest physiotherapy for specific neonatal disorders, Emergencies in the neonatal unitPhysiotherapy following Lung surgeriesPhysiotherapy in dermatology -Documentation of assessment, treatment and follow up skin conditions. U.V.R therapy in various skin conditions; Vitiligo; Hair loss; Pigmentation; Infected wounds ulcers. Faradic foot bath for Hyperhydrosis. Massage maneuvers for cosmetic purpose of skin; use of specific oil as medium; Care of anesthetic hand and foot; Evaluation, planning and management of leprosy-prescription, fitting and training with prosthetic and orthotic devicesPhysiotherapy in Geriatrics - Approach to the treatment – Interview, examination, aims of intervention , Role of physiotherapistPhysiotherapy in Obstetrics – Antenatal Care, Antenatal Education, Postnatal Care. Electrotherapy and Exercise Therapy measures for the re-education of Ano-Urethral sphincters.Physiotherapy in Obstructive lung conditionsPhysiotherapy in Restrictive lung conditionsPhysiotherapy intervention in the management of Medical, Surgical and Radiation Oncology Cases.Physiotherapy management following cardiac surgeries.Physiotherapy management following PVDPhysiotherapy techniques to clear secretions – Hydration, Humidification & Nebulisation, Mobilisation and Breathing exercises, Postural Drainage, Manual techniques – Percussion, Vibration and Shaking, Rib Springing, ACBT, Autogenic Drainage, Mechanical Aids – PEP, Flutter, IPPB, Facilitation of Cough and Huff, Nasopharyngeal Suctioning.Physiotherapy techniques to decrease the work of breathing – Measures to optimize the balance between energy supply and demand, positioning, Breathing re-education – Breathing control techniques, mechanical aids – IPPB, CPAP, BiPAPPhysiotherapy techniques to increase lung volume – controlled mobilization, positioning, breathing exercises, Neurophysiological Facilitation of Respiration, Mechanical aids - Incentive Spirometry, CPAP,IPPBPulmonary RehabilitationRespiratory failure – Oxygen Therapy and Mechanical VentilationTreatment, Response to exercise and Implications of Physiotherapy in the following disease conditions: Hypertension, Diabetes, Renal Failure and Obesity.
Module -VI
Sec 2
Active Assisted Exercise: principles, techniques, indications, contraindications, effects and usesAssisted-Resisted Exercise: principles, techniques, indications, contraindications, effects and usesCauses of decreased muscle performanceDefinition of strength, power & work, endurance, muscle actions.Free exercise: Classification, principles, techniques, indications, contraindications, effects and usesPhysiologic adaptation to training: Strength & Power, Endurance.Physiology of muscle performance: structure of skeletal muscle, chemical & mechanical events during contraction &relaxation, muscle fiber type, motor unit, force gradation.Resisted Exercise: Definition, principles, indications, contraindications, precautions & techniques, effects and usesIsokinetic regimensIsometric: BRIME (Brief Resisted Isometric Exercise), Multiple Angle IsometricsIsotonic: de Lormes, Oxford, MacQueen, Circiut weight trainingTypes of active movementsTypes of resisted exercises: Manual and Mechanical resistance exercise, Isometric exercise, Dynamic exercise: Concentric and Eccentric, Dynamic exercise: Constant versus variable resistance, Isokinetic exercise, Open-Chain and Closed-Chain exercise.Definition and key terms; Physiological response to aerobic exercise, Examination and evaluation of aerobic capacity – Exercise Testing, Determinants of an Exercise Program, The Exercise Program, Normal and abnormal response to acute aerobic exercise, Physiological changes that occur with training, Application of Principles of an Aerobic conditioning program for patients – types and phases of aerobic training.Balance retrainingCauses of impaired balance, Examination & evaluation of impaired balance, Activities for treating impaired balance: mode, posture, movement, Precautions & contraindications, TypesComponents of balance (sensory, musculoskeletal, biomechanical)DefinitionPhysiology of balance: contributions of sensory systems, processing sensory information, generating motor outputAnatomy & Physiology of cerebellum with its pathwaysCauses for Inco-ordination, Test for co-ordination: equilibrium test, non equilibrium testDefinitions: Co-ordination, Inco-ordinationFrenkel’s Exercise: uses of Frenkel’s exercise, technique of Frenkel’s exercise, progression, home exercise.Principles of co-ordination exerciseLying to sitting: Activities on the Mat/Bed, Movement and stability at floor level; Sitting activities and gait; Lowerlimb and Upperlimb activities.Definitions, Goals and Indications, Precautions and Contraindications, Properties of water, Use of special equipments, techniques, Effects and uses, merits and demeritsBiomechanical basis for mobilization, Effects of joint mobilsation, Indications and contraindiactions, Grades of mobilization, Principles of mobilization, Techniques of mobilization for upper limb, lower limb, Precautions.Schools of Manual Therapy, Principles, Grades, Indications and Contraindications, Effects and Uses – Maitland, Kaltenborn, MulliganFunctional testsMeasurement of Joint range: ROM-Definition, Normal ROM for all peripheral joints & spine, Goniometer-parts, types, principles, uses., Limitations of goniometry, Techniques for measurement of ROM for all peripheral jointsMeasurement of Limb Length: true limb length, apparent limb length, segmental limb lengthMeasurement of the angle of Pelvic InclinationPulmonary Function testsTests for Co-ordinationAnthropometric Measurements: Muscle girth – biceps, triceps, forearm, quadriceps, calfDynamic power TestElectrical testsEndurance testManual Muscle Testing: Introduction to MMT, Principles & Aims, Indications & Limitations, Techniques of MMT for group & individual muscles : Techniques of MMT for upper limb / Techniques of MMT for lower limb / Techniques of MMT for spineSpeed testStatic power TestTests for sensationCauses of immobility, Classification of Passive movements, Specific definitions related to passive movements, Principles of giving passive movements, Indications, contraindications, effects of uses , Techniques of giving passive movements.Definition, Active and Inactive Postures, Postural Mechanism, Patterns of Posture, Principles of re-education: corrective methods and techniques, Patient education.Basic neurophysiologic principles of PNF: Muscular activity, Diagonals patterns of movement: upper limb, lower limbDefinitions & goalsProcedure: components of PNFEndurance: slow reversals, agonist reversalMobility: Contract relax, Hold relax, Rhythmic initiationSkill: timing for emphasis, resisted progressionStability: Alternating isometric, rhythmic stabilizationStrengthening: Slow reversals, repeated contractions, timing for emphasis, rhythmic stabilizationDefinitions: Muscle Tone, Postural tone, Voluntary Movement, Degrees of relaxation, Pathological tension in muscle, Stress mechanics, types of stresses, Effects of stress on the body mechanism, Indications of relaxation, Methods & techniques of relaxation-Principles & uses: General, Local, Jacobson’s, Mitchel’s, additional methods.Definition of terms related to stretching; Tissue response towards immobilization and elongation, Determinants of stretching exercise, Effects of stretching, Inhibition and relaxation procedures, Precautions and contraindications of stretching, Techniques of stretching.Definition, principles, equipments & accessories, Indications & contraindications, Benefits of suspension therapyTechniques of suspension therapy for lower limbTechniques of suspension therapy for upper limbTypes of suspension therapy: axial, vertical, pendularThe techniques of Exercise Therapy, Approach to patient’s problems, Assessment of patient’s condition – Measurements of Vital parameters, Starting Positions – Fundamental positions & derived Positions, Planning of TreatmentTypes: Crutches, Canes, Frames; Principles and training with walking aids
Module - VIII
Sec 3
Financial issues including budget and income generationHospital administration: Organization, Staffing, Information, Communication, Coordination, Cost of services, Monitoring and evaluation.Introduction: Branches of administration, Nature and scope of administration, How to be an effective administrator, Planning hospital administration as part of a balanced health care program.Hospital waste disposalPharmacyNational health policy and health care system in IndiaOrganization of physiotherapy department: Planning, Space, Manpower, Other basic resources.Organizing meetings, committees, and negotiationsPersonnel management: Personnel performance appraisal system, Quality care delivery from the staffPlanning and organization: Planning cycle, Principles of organizational charts, Resource and quality management, Planning change -innovationPrinciples of hospital administration and its applications to physiotherapy.Public relations in hospital and human resource management.Hospital acquired infectionQuality assurance through record review and medical audit.Confidentiality and Responsibility, Malpractice and negligence, Provision of services and, advertising, Legal aspects: Consumer protection act, Legal responsibility of physiotherapist for their action in professional context and understanding liability and obligations in case of medico-legal actionEthical principles in health care, Ethical principles related to physiotherapy, enforcing standards in health profession-promoting quality care, Professional ethics in patient care delivery, Informed consent issues.Physiotherapy as a professionRelationship with colleagues and peersRelationship with health care institutionsRelationship with medical and other professional.Relationship with patients
Module IV
Sec 4
Amputations: Definition, levels, indications, types, PT assessment, aims, management pre and post operatively. PT management with emphasis on stump care and bandaging. Pre and post prosthetic training, checking out prosthesis, complications of amputations and its management.Ankle and foot: Ankle instability. Ligamentous tears- Post operative management.Applied Yoga in orthopedic conditionsCerebral palsy: Definition, etiology, classification, clinical features, complications, deformities, medical and surgical management and home program with special emphasis on carrying techniques. PT management after surgical corrections.Define, review the postural abnormalities of spinal column, clinical features, deformities, medical and surgical management. Describe PT assessment and management and home program.Deformities: Review in detail the causes, signs and symptoms, radiological features, medical and surgical management. Describe the PT. assessment and management of the following conditions : Congenital : CTEV, CDH, Torticollis, pes planus, pes cavus and other common deformities. Acquired: scoliosis, kyphosis, coxa vara, genu varum, valgum and recurvatum.Degenerative and Inflammatory conditions: Definition, signs and symptoms, clinical features, path physiology, radiological features, deformities, medical, surgical management. Describe the PT assessment and management and home program for the following conditions – Osteoarthritis - emphasis mainly on knee, hip and hand, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Gout, Perthes disease, Periarthritic shoulder.Effects of spinal traction, types of traction, modes of application, indications for spinal traction, contraindications, precautions, limitations of traction.Elbow and forearm: Excision of radial head - Post operative PT management. Total elbow arthroplasty- Post operative PT management.Fractures - types, classification, signs and symptoms, complications. Fracture healing - factors affecting fracture healing. Principles of fracture management - reduction - open and closed, immobilization - sling, cast, brace, slab, traction - manual, mechanical, skin, skeletal, lumbar and Cervical traction, external fixation, functional cast bracing. PT management in complications - early and late - shock, compartment syndrome, VIC, fat embolism, delayed and mal union, RSD, myositis ossificans, AVN, pressure sores etc. Physiotherapy assessment in fracture cases. Aims of PT management in fracture cases - short and long term goals. Principles of PT management in fractures - Guidelines for fracture treatment during period of immobilization and guidelines for treatment after immobilization period.Hip: Joint surgeries - hemi and total hip replacement - Post operative PT management Tendonitis and bursitis. - management.Infective conditions: Definition, signs and symptoms, clinical features, pathophysiology, radiological features, medical, surgical management. Describe PT assessment and management for following conditions – Osteomyelitis – acute and chronic, Septic arthritis, Pyogenic arthritis, TB spine and major joints - knee and hip.Mobility Aids : The principles involved in prescribing mobility aids, describe the types and the indications for the different types of mobility aids and demonstrate methods of training in their useExplain the principles involved in prescribing prosthesis for upper, lower limb & spinal, describe types and their function & demonstrate methods of training in their use.The principles involved in prescribing orthotic devices for different parts of the body. Outline the purpose of upper, lower and spinal orthotics and list major indications & contra-indications & demonstrate methods of training in their use.Knee: Lateral retinacular release, chondroplasty- Post operative management. Realignment of extensor mechanism. ACL and PCL reconstruction surgeries - Post operative rehabilitation. Meniscectomy and meniscal repair - Post operative management. Plica syndrome, patellar dysfunction and Hoffa's syndrome- conservative management. TKR- rehabilitation protocol. Patellar tendon ruptures and Patellectomy- rehabilitation.Leprosy: Definition, cause, clinical features, medical and surgical management. PT assessment, aims, and management after surgical procedures such as tendon transfer both pre and post operatively.Orthopedic surgeries: Pre and post operative PT assessment, goals, precautions and PT management of following surgeries such as : Arthrodesis, Osteotomy, Arthroplasty-partial and total - Excision arthroplasty, excision arthroplasty with implant, interpositional arthroplasty and total replacement; Tendon transplant, Soft tissue release- tenotomy, myotomy, lengthening; Arthroscopy, Spinal stabilization, Re-attachment of limbs, External fixators, Synovectomy.Osteoporosis- causes, predisposing factors, investigations and treatment.Poliomyelitis: Definition, etiology, types, pathophysiology, clinical features, deformities, medical and surgical management. PT. assessment and management after surgical corrections and reconstructive surgeries - emphasis on tendon transfer and home program.Principles of various schools of thought in manual therapy. (Briefly Maitland and Mc kenzie).PT assessment for Orthopedic conditions - SOAP format. Subjective - history taking, informed consent, personal, past, medical and socioeconomic history, chief complaints, history of present illness. Pain assessment- intensity, character, aggravating and relieving factors, site and location. Objective- on observation - body built swelling, muscle atrophy, deformities, posture and gait. On palpation- tenderness-grades, muscle spasm, swelling-methods of swelling assessment, bony prominences, soft tissue texture and integrity, warmth and vasomotor disturbances. On examination – ROM – active and passive, resisted isometric tests, limb length- apparent, true and segmental , girth measurement, muscle length testing-tightness, contracture and flexibility, manual muscle testing, peripheral neurological examination-dermatomes, myotomes and reflexes, special tests and functional tests. Prescription of home program. Documentation of case records, and follow up.Selection and application of physiotherapeutic techniques, maneuver's, modalities for preventive, curative and rehabilitative means in all conditions.Shoulder joint : Shoulder instabilities, TOS, RSD, Impingement syndrome - conservative and Post operative PT management. Total shoulder replacement and Hemi replacement. - Post operative PT management. AC joint injuries - rehabilitation. Rotator cuff tears- conservative and surgical repair. Subacromial decompression - Post operative PT management.Specific fractures and dislocations : PT assessment and management of upper limb fractures and dislocations. PT assessment and management of lower limb fractures and dislocations including pelvis. PT assessment and management spinal fractures.Spinal conditions: Review the causes, signs and symptoms, investigations, radiological features, neurological signs. PT assessment, aims, and management and home program of the following conditions: Cervical spondylosis, Lumbar spondylosis, Spondylolisthesis, Spinal canal stenosis, Spondylolysis, Sacro-iliac joint dysfunction, Sacralisation, Lumbarisation, Intervertebral disc prolapse, Coccydynia, Spina bifida occulta.Sports Physiotherapy : Physical fitness. Stages of soft tissue healing. Treatment guidelines for soft tissue injuries- Acute, Sub acute and chronic stages. Repair of soft tissues- rupture of muscle, tendon and Ligamentous tears. Soft tissue injuries- prevention and rehabilitation of, Lateral ligament sprain of ankle. Rotator cuff injuries. Collateral and Cruciate injuries of knee. Meniscal injuries of knee. Supraspinatus and Bicipital tendonitis . Pre patellar and Subacromial bursitis. Tennis and Golfer's elbow. Hamstring strains, Quadriceps contusion, TA rupture. Dequervain's tenosynovitis. Trigger and Mallet finger. Plantar fasciitis. Wrist sprains. [5 Hours]Wrist and Hand: Total wrist arthroplasty. Repair of ruptured extensor tendons. Carpal tunnel syndrome. Flexor and extensor tendon lacerations - Post operative PT management.
Module II
Sec 5
Static and dynamic posture, postural control, kinetics and kinematics of posture, ideal posture analysis of posture, effects of posture on age, pregnancy, occupation and recreation; general features of gait, gait initiation, kinematics and kinetics of gait, energy requirements, kinematics and kinetics of the trunk and upper extremities in relation to gait, stair case climbing and running, effects of age, gender, assistive devices, disease, muscle weakness, paralysis, asymmetries of the lower extremities, injuries and malalignments in gait;Movement Analysis : ADL activities like sitting – to standing, lifting, various grips , pinches.Concurrent force systemsDefinition of ForcesDirection of MotionEquilibriumEquilibrium of leversForce componentsForce of frictionForce of GravityLocation of MotionMagnitude of MotionMoment arm of forceObjects in MotionParallel force systemsReaction forcesTypes of MotionWorkThe ankle and foot complex.: structure and function of the ankle joint, subtalar joint, talocalcaneonavicular joint, transverse tarsal joint, tarsometatarsal joints, metatarsophalangeal joints, interphalangeal joints, structure and function of the plantar arches, muscles of the ankle and foot, deviations from normal structure and function – Pes Planus and Pes CavusThe elbow complex: Structure and function of the elbow joint – humeroulnar and humeroradial articulations, superior and inferior radioulnar joints; mobility and stability of the elbow complex; the effects of immobilization and injury.The hip complex: structure and function of the hip joint; hip joint pathology- arthrosis, fracture, bony abnormalities of the femur:The knee complex: structure and function of the knee joint – tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint; effects of injury and disease.The shoulder complex: Structure and components of the shoulder complex and their integrated functionThe wrist and hand complex: Structural components and functions of the wrist complex; structure of the hand complex; prehension; functional position of the the wrist and hand.Changes in normal structure and function I relation to pregnancy, scoliosis and COPDDevelopmental aspects of structure and functionGeneral structure and functionRib cage and the muscles associated with the rib cageVentilatory motions: its coordination and integrationGeneral effects of injury and agingGeneral structure and functionMuscles of the vertebral columnRegional structure and function – Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacral regionGeneral effects of disease, injury and immobilization.General properties of connective tissuesHuman joint designJoint designJoint functionJoint motionMaterials used in human jointsEffects of immobilization, injury and agingElements of muscle structureMobility and stability functions of musclesMuscle functionGeneral features, structure , function and dysfunction
Module - V
Sec 6
Applied Yoga in Neurological conditionsAssessment and management of Neurological gaits: Quantitative and Qualitative (Kinetic & Kinematics) analysis, List of Problems, short & Long Term goals, Management of following Neurological Gaits - Hemiplegic gait, Parkinson gait, High step gait, Hyperkinetic gait, Hypokinetic gait, Waddling gait, Scissoring gait, Spastic gait, Choreaform Gait, Diplegic Gait, and Myopathic Gait.Evaluation and Management of Brain and Spinal Cord Disorders : History, Observation, Palpation, Higher mental function, Cranial nerve examination, Motor & Sensory examination, Reflex testing, differential Diagnosis, Balance & Coordination examination, Gait analysis, Functional analysis, List of Problems & Complications, short & Long Term goals, Management of systemic complications, Management of Mechanical Complications, Use of various Neurophysiological approaches& Modalities in Cerebro vascular Accident, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Head Injury, Brain Tumors, Perceptual disorders, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Multiple sclerosis.Evaluation and Management of Cerebellar, Spinal Cord and Muscle Disorders : History, Observation, Palpation, Motor & Sensory examination, Reflex testing, differential Diagnosis, Balance & Coordination examination, Gait analysis, Functional analysis, List of Problems & Complications, short & Long Term goals, Management of systemic complications, Management of Mechanical Complications, Use of various Neurophysiological approaches& Modalities in Ataxia, Sensory Ataxia, Parkinson’s disease, Muscular dystrophy (DMD), Myasthenia Gravis, Eaton-Lambert Syndrome, Spinal tumors, Spinal cord injury, Transverse myelitis, Bladder & Bowel Dysfunction, Spinal muscular atrophies, Poliomyelitis, Post Polio SyndromeEvaluation and Management of Peripheral Nerve Injuries and Disorders : History, Observation, Palpation, Motor & Sensory examination, Reflex testing, differential Diagnosis, Balance & Coordination examination, Gait analysis, Functional analysis, List of Problems & Complications, short & Long Term goals, Management of systemic complications, Management of Mechanical Complications, Use of various Neurophysiological approaches& Modalities in Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Brachial plexus palsy, Thoracic outlet syndrome, Lumbosacral plexus lesions, Phrenic & intercostals nerve lesions, Median nerve palsy, Ulnar nerve palsy, Radial nerve palsy, Musculocutaneous nerve palsy, Anterior & Posterior interosseous nerve palsy, Axillary nerve palsy, Long thoracic nerve palsy, Suprascapular nerve palsy, sciatic nerve palsy, Tibial nerve palsy, Common peroneal nerve palsy, Femoral nerve palsy, Obturator nerve palsy, and Pudental nerve palsy.Neuro physiological Techniques – Concepts, Principles, Techniques, Effects of following Neurophysiological techniques: NDT, PNF, Vojta therapy, Rood’s Sensory motor Approach, Sensory Integration Approach, Brunnstorm movement therapy, Motor relearning program, Contemporary task oriented approach, Muscle re-education approach and Constraint induced movement therapy.Neurological Assessment: Required materials for examination, Chief complaints, History taking – Present, Past, medical, familial, personal histories, Observation, Palpation, Higher mental function – Consciousness, Orientation, Wakefulness, memory, Speech, Reading, Language, Writing, Calculations, Perception, Left right confusion, Reasoning, and Judgment, Motor Examination – Muscle power, Muscle tone, Spasticity, Flaccidity, Reflexes – Developmental reflexes, deep tendon reflexes, Superficial reflexes, Sensory examination – Superficial, Deep and Cortical sensations, Special tests – Romberg’s, Kernig’s sign, Brudenzki sign, Tinels’s sign, Slum test, Lehermitte’s sign, Bells Phenomenon, Gower’s sign, Sun set sign, Battle’s sign, Glabellar tap sign, etc, Balance examination, coordination examination, Gait analysis – Kinetics & Kinematics (Quantitative & Qualitative analysis), Functional Analysis, Assessment tools & Scales – Modified Ashworth scale, Berg balance scale, FIM, Barthel index, Glasgow coma scale, Mini mental state examination, Rancho Los Amigos Scale for Head injury, APGAR score, ASIA scale, Reflex Grading. Differential diagnosis.Paediatric Neurology: Paediatric Examination, Developmental milestones, developmental reflexes, Neuro developmental screening tests. Evaluation & Management - History, Observation, Palpation, Milestone Examination, developmental reflex Examination, Higher mental function, Cranial nerve examination, Motor & Sensory examination, Reflex testing, differential Diagnosis, Balance & Coordination examination, Gait analysis, Functional analysis, List of Problems & Complications, short & Long Term goals, Management of systemic complications, Management of Mechanical Complications, Use of various Neurophysiological approaches & Modalities in Risk babies, Minimum brain damage, Developmental disorders, Cerebral palsy, Autism, Down’s Syndrome, Hydrocephalus, Chorea, Spina bifida, and syringomyelia.Pre and Post surgical assessment and treatment following conditions - Spinal disc herniation, Spinal stenosis, Spinal cord trauma, Head trauma, Brain tumors, Tumors of the spine, Spinal cord and peripheral nerves, Cerebral aneurysms, Subarachnoid hemorrhages, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Chorea, Hemiballism, Psychiatric disorders, Malformations of the nervous system, Carotid artery stenosis , Arteriovenous malformations, and Spina bifida.
Module I (b)
Sec 7
Blood Transfusion: Cross matching. Indications and complications.Hemostatic mechanisms: Blood coagulation–factors, mechanisms. Their disorders. Anticoagulants.Introduction: Composition and functions of blood.Lymph: Composition, formation, circulation and functions.Plasma: Composition, formation, functions. Plasma proteins.Platelets: Morphology, functions, count, its variationsRBC: count and its variations. Erythropoiesis- stages, factors regulating. Reticulo-endothelial system (in brief) Haemoglobin - Anemia (in detail), types of Jaundice. Blood indices, PCV, ESR.WBC: Classification. Morphology, functions, count, its variation of each. ImmunityArterial Blood Pressure: Definition. Normal values and its variations. Determinants. Peripheral resistance. Regulation of BP.Arterial pulse.Cardiac Output: Definition. Normal value. Determinants. Stroke volume and its regulation. Heart rate and its regulation. Their variationsCardiovascular changes during exercise.Conducting system: Components. Impulse conduction Cardiac Cycle: Definition. Phases of cardiac cycle. Pressure and volume curves. Heart sounds – causes, character. ECG: Definition. Different types of leads. Waves and their causes. P-R interval. Heart block.Physiological anatomy and nerve supply of the heart and blood vessels. Organisation of CVS. Cardiac muscles: Structure. Ionic basis of action potential and pacemaker potential. Properties.Regional Circulation: Coronary, Cerebral and Cutaneous circulation.Shock – Definition. Classification–causes and featuresIntestine: Succus entericus: Composition, function and regulation of secretion. Intestinal motility and its function and regulation.Liver: Functions of liver. Bile secretion: Composition, functions and regulation. Gall bladder: Functions.Mechanism of Defaecation.Pancreatic Secretion: Composition, production, function. Regulation.Physiological anatomy and nerve supply of alimentary canal. Enteric nervous systemSalivary Secretion: Saliva: Composition. Functions. Regulation. Mastication (in brief)Stomach: Functions. Gastric juice: Gland, composition, function, regulation. Gastrin: Production, function and regulation. Peptic ulcer. Gastric motility. Gastric emptying. Vomiting.Swallowing: Definition. Different stages. Functions.Adrenal Gland: Adrenal Cortex: Secretory cells, synthesis, action, regulation of secretion of Aldosterone, Cortisol, Androgens. Disorders: Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, Conn’s syndrome, Adrenogenital syndrome.Adrenal Medulla: Secretory cells, action, regulation of secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Disorders: Phoechromocytoma.Calcitrol, Thymus and Pineal gland (very brief).Endocrine Pancreas:Secretory cells, action, regulation of secretion of insulin and glucagon. Glucose metabolism and its regulation. Disorder: Diabetes mellitus.Local Hormones.(briefly).Major endocrine glands. Hormone: classification, mechanism of action. Functions of hormonesParathyroid hormnes: secretory cell, action, regulation of secretion. Disorders: Hypoparathyroidism. Hyperthyroidism.Calcium metabolism and its regulation.Pituitary Gland: Anterior Pituitary and Posterior Pituitary hormones: Secretory cells, action on target cells, regulation of secretion of each hormone. Disorders: Gigantism, Acromegaly, Dwarfism, Diabetes insipidus. Physiology of growth and development: hormonal and other influences.Pituitary-Hypothalamic Relationship.Thyroid Gland:Thyroid hormone and calcitonin: secretory cells, synthesis, storage, action and regulation of secretion. Disorders: Myxoedema, Cretinism, Grave’s disease.Artificial ventilation.CPR.Examination of Vital SignsFirst Aid in Burns.First Aid in cardiac arrest.First Aid in Drowning.First Aid in Electric shock.First Aid in Hypovolemic Shock.First Aid in Respiratory failure.First Aid in RTA.First Aid in Spinal cord injuries.Instrumentation used in First Aid (First Aid kit).Body fluids: Distribution, composition. Tissue fluid – formation.Cell: Morphology. Organelles: their structure and functionsTransport Mechanisms across the cell membraneMuscle: Classification. Skeletal muscle: Structure. Neuromuscular junction : Structure. Neuromuscular transmission, myasthenia gravis. Excitation- Contraction coupling. Rigor mortis. Motor unit. Properties of skeletal muscles, Strength- Duration curve, Length-tension relationship, fatigue, load.Nerve: Structure and functions of neurons. Classification, Properties and impulse transmission of nerve fibres. Nerve injury – degeneration and regeneration.Neuroglia: Types and functions.Resting membrane potential. Action potential – ionic basis and properties.Smooth muscle: Structure, types, mechanism of contraction. Plasticity.ANS: Features and actions of parasymapathetic and sympathetic nervous system.Basal Ganglia: Structures included and functions. Parkinson’s disease.Cerebellum: Functions. Cerebellar ataxia.Cerebral Cortex: Lobes. Brodmann’s areas and their functions. Higher functions of cerebral cortex – learning, memory and speech.CSF: Formation, composition, circulation and functions. Lumbar puncture and its significance. Blood brain barrier. Hydrocephalus.EEG : Waves and features. Sleep: REM and NREM sleep.Motor Mechanism: Motor Cortex. Motor pathway: The descending tracts – pyramidal tracts, extrapyramidal tracts – origin, course, termination and functions. Upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron. Paralysis, monoplegia, paraplegia, hemiplegia and quadriplegia.Organisation of CNS – central and peripheral nervous system. Functions of nervous system. Synapse: Functional anatomy, classification, Synaptic transmission. Properties.Posture and Equilibrium: Postural reflexes – spinal, medullary, midbrain and cerebral reflexes.Reflex Action: components, Bell-Magendie law, classification and Properties. Monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes, superficial reflexes, deep reflexes.Stretch reflex– structure of muscle spindle, pathway, higher control and functions. Inverse stretch reflex. Muscle tone – definition, and properties hypotonia, atonia and hypertonia. UMNL and LMNLReticular Formation and Limbic System: Components and Functions.Sensory Mechanism: Sensory receptors: function, classification and properties. Sensory pathway: The ascending tracts – Posterior column tracts, lateral spinothalamic tract and the anterior spinothalamic tract – their origin, course, termination and functions. The trigeminal pathway. Sensory cortex. Somatic sensations: crude touch, fine touch, tactile localization, tactile discrimination, stereognosis, vibration sense, kinesthetic sensations. Pain sensation: mechanism of pain. Cutaneous pain –slow and fast pain, hyperalgesia. Deep pain. Visceral pain – referred pain. Gate control theory of pain. tabes dorsalis, sensory ataxia.Spinal cord Lesions: Complete transection and Hemisection of the spinal cord.Thalamus and Hypothalamus: Nuclei. Functions. Thalamic syndromeEffect of gravity / altitude /acceleration / pressure on physical parametersB.M.R./R.Q.Body fluids and electrolyteCardiovascular systemHormonal and metabolic effectMuscle strength/power/enduranceO2 transportRespiratory systemPhysiology of AgeAcid-Base balance (very brief)Artificial Kidney: Principle of haemodialysis.Mechanism of concentrating and diluting the Urine: Counter-current mechanism. Regulation of water excretion. Diuresis. Diuretics.Mechanism of Urine Formation:Glomerular Filtration: Mechanism of glomerular filtration. GFR – normal value and factors affecting. Renal clearance. Inulin clearance. Creatinine clearance.Micturition: Mechanism of micturition. Cystometrogram. Atonic bladder, automatic bladder.Physiological anatomy. Nephrons – cortical and juxtamedullary. Juxta-glomerular apparatus. Glomerular membrane. Renal blood flow and its regulation. Functions of kidneys.Skin and temperature regulation.Tubular Reabsorption: Reabsorption of Na+, glucose, HCO3-, urea and water. Filtered load. Renal tubular transport maximum. Glucose clearance: TmG. Renal threshold for glucose.Tubular Secretion: Secretion of H+ and K+. PAH clearance.Female Reproductive System: Functions of ovaries and uterus. Pubertal changes in females. Oogenesis. Hormones:oestrogen and progesterone-action. regulation of secretion. Mentrual Cycle: Phases. Ovarian cycle. Uterine cycle. Hormonal basis. Menarche. Menopause. Pregnancy: Pregnancy tests. Physiological changes during pregnancy. Functions of placenta. Lactation. Contraception methodsMale Reproductive System: Functions of testes. Pubertal changes in males. Spermatogenesis. Testosterone: action. Regulation of secretion. Semen.Physiological anatomy reproductive organs. Sex determination. Sex differentiation. DisorderArtificial respirationDead Space: Types and their definition.Disorders of Respiration: Dyspnoea. Orthopnoea. Hyperpnoea, hyperventilation, apnoea, tachypnoea. periodic breathing – typesHypoxia: Effects of hypoxia. Types of hypoxia. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Acclimatization Hypercapnoea. Asphyxia. Cyanosis – types and features. DysbarismMechanics of breathing: Intrapleural and Intrapulmonary pressure changes during respiration. Chest expansion. Lung compliance: Normal value, pressure-volume curve, factors affecting compliance and its variations. Surfactant – Composition, production, functions. RDSPhysiological anatomy – Pleura, tracheo-bronchial tree, alveolus, respiratory membrane and their nerve supply. Functions of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles.Pulmonary Circulation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio and its importance.Regulation of Respirtation: Neural Regulation. Hering-breuer’s reflex. Voluntary control. Chemical Regulation.Respiratory changes during exercise.Spirometry: Lung volumes and capacities. Timed vital capacity and its clinical significance. Maximum ventilation volume. Respiratory minute volume.Transport of respiratory gases: Diffusion across the respiratory membrane. Oxygen transport – Different forms, oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve. Factors affecting it. P50, Haldane and Bohr effect. Carbon dioxide transport: Different forms, chloride shift.Audition: Physiological anatomy of the ear. Functions of external ear, middle ear and inner ear. Structure of Cochlea and organ of corti. Auditory pathway. Types of Deafness. Tests for hearing. Audiometry.Refractive Errors: myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia and astigmatism.Smell: Olfactory membrane. Olfactory pathway.Taste: Taste buds. Primary tastes. Gustatory pathway.Vestibular Apparatus: Crista ampullaris and macula. Funcions. DisordersVision: Functional anatomy of eye ball. Functions of cornea, iris, pupil, aqueous humor – glaucoma, lens – cataract, vitreous humor, rods and cones. Photopic vision. Scotopic vision.Visual Pathway and the effects of lesions.Visual Reflexes: Accommodation, Pupillary and Light. Visual acuity and Visual field. Light adaptation. Dark adaptation.Color vision – color blindness. Nyctalopia.
Module - III
Sec 8
Bio-feed back.EMG: Construction of EMG equipment.FG TestNerve conduction velocity studiesSD Curve: Methods of Plotting SD Curve, Apparatus selection, Characters of Normally innervated Muscle, Characters of Partially Denervated Muscle, Characters of Completely denervated Muscle, Chronaxie & Rheobase.Alternating CurrentDirect Current: types, physiological &therapeutic effects.Cathodal / Anodal galvanism.Faradic Current: Definition, Modifications, Techniques of Application of Individual, Muscle and Group Muscle stimulation, Physiological & Therapeutic effects of Faradic Current, Precautions, Indications & Contra-Indications, Dangers.Galvanic Current: Definition, Modifications, Physiological & Therapeutic effects of Galvanic Current, Indications & Contra-Indications, Dangers, Effect of interrupted galvanic current on normally innervated and denervated muscles and partially denervated muscles.HVPGS – Parameters & its usesIonization / Iontophoresis : Techniques of Application of Iontophoresis, Indications, Selection of Current, Commonly used Ions (Drugs) for pain, hyperhydrosis, would healing.Micro Current & Macro CurrentNerve Muscle Physiology: Action Potential, Resting membrane potential, Propagation of Action Potential, Motor unit, synapse, Accommodation, Stimulation of Healthy Muscle, Stimulation of Denervated Muscle, Stimulation for Tissue Repair.Pain: Define Pain, Theories of Pain (Outline only), Pain Gate Control theory in detail.Principles of Application: Electrode tissue interface, Tissue Impedance, Types of Electrode, Size & Placement of Electrode – Waterbath, Unipolar, Bi-polar, Electrode coupling, Current flow in tissues, Lowering of Skin Resistance.Sinusoidal Current & Diadynamic Current in Brief.TENS: Define TENS, Types of TENS, Conventional TENS, Acupuncture TENS, Burst TENS, Brief & Intense TENS, Modulated TENS. Types of Electrodes & Placement of Electrodes, Dosage parameters, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications.Diadynamic Current.Sinusoidal CurrentFaradic CurrentGalvanic CurrentComponents and working PrinciplesNeuro muscular diagnostic stimulator- construction component.NMES- Construction component.Interferential Therapy: Define IFT, Principle of Production of IFT, Static Interference System, Dynamic Interference system, Dosage Parameters for IFT, Electrode placement in IFT, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications.Rebox type CurrentRussian CurrentContrast Bath: Methods of application, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications.Cryotherapy: Define- Cryotherapy, Principle- Latent heat of fusion, Physiological & Therapeutics effects, Techniques of Applications, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers, Methods of application with dosages.Moist Heat Therapy: Hydro collator packs – in brief, Methods of applications, Therapeutic uses, Indications & ContraindicationsWax Therapy: Principle of Wax Therapy application – latent Heat, Composition of Wax Bath Therapy unit, Methods of application of Wax, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindication, Dangers.Whirl Pool Bath: Construction, Method of Application, Therapeutic Uses, Indications & Contraindications.Electro Magnetic Spectrum.IRR: Define IRR,wavelength & parameters, Types of IR generators, Production of IR, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Duration & frequency of treatment, Indication & Contraindication.LASER: Define LASER. Types of LASER. Principles of Production. Production of LASER by various methods. Methods of application of LASER. Dosage of LASER. Physiological & Therapeutic effects of LASER. Safety precautions of LASER. Classifications of LASER. Energy density & power densityMicro Wave Diathermy: Define Microwave, Wave length & Frequency, Production of MW, Applicators, Dosage Parameters, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers of MWD.Pulsed Electro Magnetic Energy: Principles, Production & Parameters of PEME, Uses of PEME.SWD: Define short wave, Frequency & Wavelength of SWD, Principle of Production of SWD, Circuit diagram & Production of SWD, Methods of Heat Production by SWD treatment, Types of SWD Electrode, Placement & Spacing of Electrodes, Tuning, Testing of SWD Apparatus, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers, Dosage parametersUltrasound: Define Ultrasound, Frequency, Piezo Electric effects: Direct, Reverse, Production of US, Treatment Dosage parameters: Continous & Pulsed mode, Intensity, US Fields: Near field, Far field, Half value distance, Attenuation, Coupling Media, Thermal effects, Non-thermal effects, Principles & Application of US: Direct contact, Water bag, Water bath, Solid sterile gel pack method for wound. Uses of US, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers of Ultrasound.Phonophoresis: Define Phonophoresis, Methods of application, Commonly used drugs, Uses. Dosages of US.UVR: Define UVR, Types of UVR, UVR generators: High pressure mercury vapour lamp, Water cooled mercury vapour lamp, Kromayer lamp, Fluorescent tube, Theraktin tunnel, PUVA apparatus. Physiological & Therapeutic effects. Sensitizers & Filters. Test dosage calculation. Calculation of E1, E2, E3, E4 doses. Indications, contraindications. Dangers. Dosages for different therapeutic effects, Distance in UVR lamp
Module I (a)
Sec 9
Development of bones, axial and appendicular skeleton and musclesDevelopment of brain and brain stem structuresDevelopment of skin, Fascia, blood vessels, lymphaticNeural tube, brain vessels and spinal cordOvum, Spermatozoa, fertilization and formation of the Germ layers and their derivations.BoneCartilageCellCirculatory system – large sized artery, medium sized artery, large sized vein, lymphoid tissueConnective TissueEpitheliumGeneral Histology, study of the basic tissues of the bodyMicroscopeMuscular tissueNerve Tissue – TS & LSSkin and its appendagesAnatomical positions of body, axes, planes, common anatomical terminologies (Groove, tuberosity, trochanters etc)Bones- Composition & functions, classification and types according to morphology and development.Connective tissue classification.Gross anatomy of eyeball, nose, ears and tongue.Osteology : Mandible and bones of the skull.Soft parts : Muscles of the face and neck and their nerve and blood supply-extra ocular muscles, triangles of the neck,Joints-definition-classification, structure of fibrous, cartilaginous joints, blood supply and nerve supply of joints.Joints: Hip Joint, Knee joint, Ankle joint, joints of the foot.Osteology : Hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metartarsals and phalanges.Soft parts: Gluteal region, front and back of the thigh (Femoral triangle, femoral canal and inguinal canal), medial side of the thigh (Adductor canal), lateral side of the thigh, popliteal fossa, anterior and posterior compartment of leg, sole of the foot, lymphatic drainage of lower limb, venous drainage of the lower limb, arterial supply of the lower limb, arches of foot, skin of foot.Muscles – origin, insertion, nerve supply and actionsOsteology: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae and ribsPelvic girdle and muscles of the pelvic floorSoft tissue: Pre and Para vertebral muscles, intercostals muscles, anterior abdominal wall muscles, Inter-vertebral disc.Arches of hand, skin of the palm and dorsum of hand.Joints : Shoulder girdle, shoulder joint, elbow joints, radio ulnar joint, wrist joint and joints of the hand.Osteology : Clavicles, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges.Soft parts: Breast, pectoral region, axilla, front of arm, back of arm, cubital fossa, front of fore arm, back of fore arm, palm, dorsum of hand, muscles, nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic drainage of upper extremity.Anatomical integrationBasal GangliaBlood supply to brainBrain StemCerebellumCerebral hemisphereCorpus striatumHypothalamusInferior colliculiLateral ventriclesPons, medulla, extra pyramidal systemsSpinal segments and areasSuperior ColliculiThalamusThe pyramidal systemCranial nervesOrganization of Central Nervous system - Spinal nerves and autonomic nervous system mainly pertaining to cardiovascular, respiratory and urogenital systemNeuromuscular junctionPeripheral nerveSensory end organsLarge blood vessels of the gutLocation, size, shape, features, blood supply, nerve supply and functions of the following: stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, urinary bladder, intestines, gall bladder.Peritoneum: Parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, folds of peritoneum, functions of peritoneum.Position, shape, size, features, blood supply and nerve supply of the male and female reproductive system.Mediastinum: Divisions and contentsPericardium: Thoracic Wall: position, shape and parts of the heart; conducting System; blood Supply and nerve supply of the heart; names of the blood vessels and their distribution in the body – region wise.Diaphragm: Origin, insertion, nerve supply and action, openings in the diaphragm.Intercostal muscles and Accessory muscles of respiration: Origin, insertion, nerve supply and action.Outline of respiratory passagesPleura and lungs: position, parts, relations, blood supply and nerve supply; Lungs – emphasize on broncho-pulmonary segments
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
The Kerala Public Service Commission recruits Assistant Professors in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation for the Medical Education Department.
75m
0s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#assistant-professor#physical-medicine#rehabilitation
Syllabus Explorer
Medical
100 Marks
Theatre Technician
The Theatre Technician post in Kerala Medical Education Services is recruited by the Kerala Public Service Commission. Candidates typically need a Plus Two/Pre-Degree with Science and a Diploma in Operation Theatre and Anesthesia Technology to be eligible.
90m
10s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#theatre-technician#diploma-level#paramedical
Syllabus Explorer
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Sec 1
Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)Basic Life Support ( BLS)Defibrillators and their maintenanceDrugs used in ACLSPaediatric and neonatal resuscitation- equipments, drugs and maintenance
MONITORING
Sec 2
Advanced monitoring equipments and their maintenance and sterilization- invasive blood pressure, ultrasound probe, transesophageal echocardiography probe, cardiac output monitoring, neuromuscular monitoring, depth of anaesthesia monitoring.Basic monitoring- ECG, pulseoxymetry, non- invasive blood pressure monitoring, capnography, temperature monitoring- management of equipments and sterilizationBlood gas analysis and interpretationPoint of care testing of haemoglobin, blood glucose and anticoagulation- ACT (activated clotting time), thromboelastography (TEG)Pulmonary function tests and their interpretation
BASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Sec 3
Basic anatomy and physiology of cardiovascular systemBasic anatomy and physiology of central nervous systemBasic anatomy and physiology of respiratory systemBasic Physiological changes in pregnancy and paediatricsHepatic and renal metabolism of drugs and elimination
ANAESTHESIA TECHNIQUES
Sec 4
Blood transfusion and component therapyCentral venous lines, indications, techniques, preparation and complicationsGeneral anaesthesia- preparation of OT, monitoring, management of complicationsNeuraxial blocks- spinal and epidural anaesthesia- techniques, positioning and preparation, monitoring, complicationsRegional blocks- different types, techniques, equipments, positioning and preparation monitoring and complications
DRUGS
Sec 5
Cardiac drugs- inotropes, vasopressor agents and vasodilator agents, heparin and protamineDrugs used for premedication, inhalational and intravenous anaesthetics, analgesicsIV fluids and preparation of intravenous infusionsLocal anaesthetics and adjuvant agents.Neuromuscular blocking agents and drugs used for their reversal
STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES AND UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Sec 6
Cleaning and Sterilization of anaesthesia equipmentsCleaning and sterilization of surgical equipmentsPrinciples of Aseptic precaution and biohazardsSegregation and disposal of waste and contaminated materialSterilization techniques- autoclaving, plasma sterilization, ETO sterilization, Gluteraldehyde (Cidex)- principles and techniques
SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Sec 7
Day to day maintenance, sterilization, and preparation of ventilators and humidifiers.Managerial duties and maintenance of stock and narcotic registersPreparation for anaesthesia for Open- heart procedures and cardiopulmonary bypassPreparation for anaesthesia in remote locations- MRI, endoscopy, angiography suitesPreparation for difficult airway management
OPERATION THEATRE EQUIPMENTS
Sec 8
Electric and fire hazards in OT and managementElectric vacuum, nitrogen cylinders, compressed air and vacuum pipelines and outlets – physical principles, safety measures and maintenanceElectrocautery, operation tables, infusion pumps, OT lights- parts, physical properties and safety measures, maintenanceRadiation hazards- precautions and safety measuresSpecialised equipments- endoscopy/ laproscopy, operating microscope, ultrasonic aspirators, C arm- sterilization and maintenance
ANAESTHESIA EQUIPMENTS
Sec 9
Endotracheal intubation- positioning, techniques, laryngoscopes, endotracheal tubes, facemasks, airways, stylets, modern airway gadgets (LMA, ILMA, video-laryngoscopes), Fibre optic broncoscopyGas cylinders, physical properties, parts and safety measuresManifold and central oxygen pipeline supplyModern anaesthesia machine and vaporisers– design, function, physical principles, safely measures and checkingPaediatric anaesthesia equipment and preparation
POSITIONING
Sec 10
Lateral position, Trendelenberg position and lithotomy position- technique, complications and precautions.Positioning for neuraxial blocks, arterial and central venous lines and regional blocksPrecautions in positioning the obese, pregnant, paediatric and elderly patient.Prone position- technique, different equipments, precautions and complicationsSitting position- technique, complications, preventive methods and additional monitoring
Medical
100 Marks
Junior Public Health Nurse Grade II
The Kerala Public Service Commission (Kerala PSC) conducts recruitment for Junior Public Health Nurse Grade II posts in the Health Services Department/Municipal Common Service. Candidates need to have an SSLC (10th) qualification and an Auxiliary Nurse Midwifery Certificate.
90m
6s
#kerala-psc#nursing#public-health#healthcare#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
MIDWIFERY
Sec 1
Abnormal childhoodAbnormal PuerperiumAbnormalities of pregnancyAbortionAntenatal CareCare during normal labourCare of new bornFamily welfareFemale Pelvis and foetal skullFoetus and placentaHigh risk new BornHigh risk pregnanciesHIV/AIDSHuman Reproductive SystemInfertilityLife cycle approachNormal labourNormal pregnancyNormal puerperiumPopulation EducationRTIs and STIsSafe mother-hoodStatus of women and empowermentSurgical InterventionWomen's health problems
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
Sec 2
Care of adolescent girlsCare of adolescentsCare of School childrenCare of the sick childChildren's RightsGrowth and developmentNutrition of infants and children
HEALTH CENTRE MENAGEMENT
Sec 3
Co-ordinationImplementation of national health programMaintenance of stocksThe sub centreUpdate knowledge
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE-(PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND RESTORATION OF HEALTH)
Sec 4
Care in Communicable diseaseCommunicable DiseaseEpidemic ManagementIntroduction to communicable diseaseAches and painsCardiovascular problemCare in sick in the communityCare of handicapDigestive problemsDisease of the nervous systemDiseases of muscular skeletal systemFeverMetabolic DiseasesRespiratory problemsUrinary problemsFracturesLife Threatening conditionsMinor Injuries and ailmentsNeed for First AidCollection of specimenConcept of diseaseDisinfection and sterilizationImmunity and body defense mechanisamsImmunizationInfectionWaste disposalAdministration of drugsCommon emergency drugsDrugs used in minor ailmentsTypes of drugs
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Sec 5
Communication methods & mediaCommunity based rehabilitationCommunity Health practiceCommunity need assessmentConcept of healthCounselingDynamics of CommunityHealth organisationHealth problems and policiesRole of health teamStructure of Community
HEALTH PROMOTION
Sec 6
Community participationDisposal of Excreta and wasteEnvironmental SanitationSafe waterHygiene of the bodyOptical functioning of the bodyThe Human bodyMaladjustmentMental HealthMental illinessOld age careEssential nutrientsNutritional assessmentNutritional problemsPromotion of Nutrition
Medical
100 Marks
Pharmacist Gr.II
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for Pharmacist Gr.II in Health Services / Medical Education Department.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#pharmacist#medical#pharmacy-diploma
Syllabus Explorer
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I
Sec 1
Acids, bases and buffers-Boric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Strong Ammonium hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide and official buffers.Antidotes- Sodium nitrite. Inorganic official compounds of Iron, Iodine and Calcium, Ferrous Sulphate and Calcium Gluconate.Antimicrobials and Astringents- Hydrogen peroxide, Potassium permanganate, Chlorinated lime, Iodine, Solutions of Iodine, Povidone-iodine, Boric acid, Borax, Silver nitrate, Mild silver protein, Mercury ,yellow, Mercuric oxide, Ammoniated mercury.Expectorants and Emetics-Ammonium chloride, Potassium iodide, Antimony potassium tartrate.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY II
Sec 2
Adrenergic antagonist- Tolazoline, Propranolol, Practolol.Adrenergic drugs- Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Isoprenaline, Phenylephrine, Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine.Anti-Neoplastic Drugs- Actinomycin, Azathioprine, Busulphan, Chloramubucil, Cisplatin,Cyclophosphamide, Daunorubicin Hydrochloride, Fluorouracil, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Mytomycin.Anti-tubercular Drugs- Isoniazid, PAS, Streptomycin, Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Thiacetazone, Ethionamide, cycloserine, pyrazinamide*.Antibiotics- Benzyl penicillin, Phenoxy methyl penicillin, Benzathine penicillin, Ampicillin,Cloxacillin, Carbencicillin, Gentamicin, Neomycin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Cephalexin,Cephaloridine, Cephalothin, Griseofulvin, Chloramphenicol.Antidepressant Drugs- Amitriptyline, Nortryptyline, Imipramine, Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine.Antifungal agents- Undecylenic acid, Tolnaftate, Nystatin, Amphotericin, Hamycin.Antileprotic Drugs- Clofazimine , Thiambutosine, Dapsone, solapsone,Antimalarial Drugs-Chloroquine,Amodiaquine, Primaquine, Proguanil, Pyrimethamine, Quinine,Trimethoprim.Antiseptics and Disinfectants-Proflavine, Benzalkonium chloride, Cetrimide, Phenol, chloroxylenol, Formaldehyde solution, Hexachlophene, Nitrofurantoin.Cholinergic Antagonists- Atropine, Hyoscine, Homatropine, Propantheline, Benztropine, Tropicamide,Biperiden.Cholinergic Drugs- Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Pralidoxime, Pilocarpine, Physostigmine.Diuretic Drugs- Furosemide, Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Benzthiazide, Urea, Mannitol, Ethacrynic Acid.Sulphonamides- Sulphadiazine, Sulphaguanidine, Phthalylsulphathaizole, Succinylsulphathiazole, Sulphadimethoxine, Sulphamethoxypyridazine, Co-trimoxazole, sulfacetamideTranquilizers-Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine, Trifluoperazine, Thiothixene, Haloperiodol, Triperiodol, Oxypertine, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Meprobamate.
CLINICAL PHARMACY
Sec 3
Adverse Drug Reaction: Definition and significance. Drug-Induced diseases and Teratogenicity.Bio-availability of drugs, including factors affecting it.Disease, manifestation and patho-physiology including salient symptoms to understand the disease like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cardio-vascular diseases, Epilepsy, Diabetes, Peptic Ulcer, Hypertension.Drug dependences, drug abuse, addictive drugs and their treatment, complications.Drug Interactions: Definition and introduction. Mechanism of Drug Interaction. Drug-drug interaction with reference to analgesics, diuretics, cardiovascular drugs, Gastro-intestinal agents. Vitamins and Hypoglycemic agents. Drug-food interaction.Drugs in Clinical Toxicity- Introduction, general treatment of poisoning, systemic antidotes, Treatment of insecticide poisoning, heavy metal poison, Narcotic drugs, Barbiturate, Organo-phosphorus poisons.Physiological parameters with their significance.
PHARMACOGNOSY
Sec 4
Antidiabetics- Pterocarpus, Gymnema sylvestre.Antidysenterics- Ipecacuanha.Antihypertensive- Rauwolfia.Antileprotics- Chaulmoogra oil.Antimalarials- Cinchona.Antirheumatics- Guggul, Colchicum.Antiseptics and disinfectants- Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Curcuma.Antitumour- Vinca.Antitussives- Vasaka, Tolu balsam, Tulsi.Astringents- Catecheu.Cardiotonics- Digitalis, Arjuna.Carminatives & G.I. regulators- Umbelliferous fruits, Coriander, Fennel, Ajowan, Cardamom, Ginger, Black pepper , Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Clove.Diuretics- Gokhru, Punarnava.Drugs acting on nervous system- Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Aconite, Ashwagandha, Ephedra, Opium, Cannabis, Nux -vomica.Enzymes- Papaya, Diastase, Yeast.Laxatives- Aloes, Rhubarb, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna.Oxytocics- Ergot.Perfumes and flavouring agents- peppermint oil, Lemon oil, Orange oil, lemon grass oil, sandal wood.Vitamins- Shark liver oil and Amla.
HOSPITAL PHARMACY
Sec 5
Application of computers in maintenance of records, inventory control, medication monitoring, drug information and data storage and retrieval in hospital retail pharmacy establishment.Drug Distribution system in Hospitals.Drug Information service and Drug Information Bulletin.Hospital Formulary system and their organization, functioning, composition.Manufacturing: Economic considerations, estimation of demand. Sterile manufacture-Large and small volume parenterals, facilities, requirements, layout production planning, man-power requirements.Nomenclature and uses of surgical instruments and Hospital Equipments and health accessories.Non-sterile manufacture-Liquid orals, externals, Bulk concentrates. Procurement of stores and testing of raw materials.Out-patient services,In-patient services- types of services detailed discussion of unit Dose system, Floor ward stock system, satellite pharmacy services, central sterile services, Bed side pharmacy.P.T.C. (Pharmacy Therapeutic Committee)Surgical dressing like cotton, gauze, bandages and adhesive tapes including their pharmacopoeial tests for quality. Other hospital supply eg. I.V.sets, B.G. sets, Ryles tubes, Catheters, Syringes etc
PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Sec 6
Autocoids: physiological role of histamine and serotonin, Histamine and Antihistamines, prostaglandins.Cardiotonics, Antiarrhythmic agents, Anti-anginal agents, Antihypertensive agents, peripheral Vasodilators and drugs used in atherosclerosis.Chemotherapy of microbial diseases: Urinary antiseptics, sulphonamides, penicillin, streptomycin, Tetracyclines and other antibiotics. Antitubercular agents, Antifungal agents, antiviral drugs, anti-leprotic drugs.Adrenergic drugs and adrenergic receptor blockers.Cholinergic drugs, Anticholinergic drugs, anticholinesterase drugs.Neuromuscular blockers, used in myasthenia gravis.Neurone blockers and ganglion blockers.Mydriatics, drugs used in glaucoma.Analgesic antipyretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs- Narcotic analgesics.Antirheumatic and anti-gout remedies. Sedatives and Hypnotics, Psychopharmacological agents, anticonvulsants, analeptics.Centrally acting muscle relaxants and anti parkinsonian agents.General anaesthetics- adjunction to anaesthesia, intravenous anaesthetics.Drugs affecting renal function- Diuretics and anti-diuretics.Hormones and hormone antagonists- Hypoglycemic agents, Anti--thyroid drugs, sex hormones and oral contraceptives, corticosteroids.
DRUG STORE AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Sec 7
Banking and Finance-Service and functions of bank, Finance planning and sources of finance.Drug House Management-selection of site, space Lay-out and legal requirements. Importance and objectives of purchasing, selection of suppliers, credit information, tenders, contracts and price determination and legal requirements . Codification, handling of drug stores and other hospital supplies.Inventory Control-objects and importance, modern techniques like ABC,VED analysis, the lead time, inventory carrying cost, safety stock, minimum and maximum stock levels, economic order quantity, scrap and surplus disposal.Sales promotion, Market Research, Salesmanship, qualities of a salesman, Advertising and Window Display.
PHARMACEUTICS II
Sec 8
Suspensions (elementary study)-Suspensions containing diffusible solids and liquids and their preparations. Study of the adjuvant used like thickening agents, wetting agents, suspensions of precipitate forming liquids like tinctures, their preparations and stability. Suspensions produced by chemical reaction. An introduction to flocculated /non-flocculated suspension system.Dental and cosmetic preparations: Introduction to Dentifrices, facial cosmetics, Deodorants. Antiperspirants, shampoo, Hair dressings and Hair removers.Emulsions-Types of emulsions, identification of emulsion system, formulation of emulsions, selection of emulsifying agent. Instabilities in emulsions, preservation of emulsions.Ophthalmic products: study of essential characteristics of different ophthalmic preparations. Formulation additives, special precautions in handling and storage of ophthalmic products.Parenteral dosage forms-Definition, General requirements for parenteral dosage forms. Types of parenteral formulations, vehicles, adjuvants, processing and personnel, Facilities and quality control.Preparation of Intravenous fluids and admixtures-Total parenteral nutrition, Dialysis fluids.
PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE
Sec 9
Narcotic Drugs and psychotropic substances Act, 1985-A brief study of the act with special reference to its objectives, offences and punishment.Pharmacy Act,1948-The General study of the pharmacy Act with special reference to Education Regulations ,Working of state and central councils, constitution of these councils and functions, Registration procedures under the Act.The Drugs and Cosmetics Act,1940-General study of the Drugs and cosmetics Act and the Rules there under. Definitions and salient features related to retail and whole sale distribution of drugs. The powers of Inspectors, the sampling procedures and the procedure and formalities in obtaining licenses under the rule. Facilities to be provided for running a pharmacy effectively. General study of the schedules with special reference to schedules C,C1,F,G,J,H,P and X and salient features of labelling and storage conditions of drugs.The Drugs and Magic Remedies (objectionable Advertisement)Act, 1954-General study of the Act,objectives , special reference to be laid on Advertisements, magic remedies and objectionable and permitted advertisements -diseases which cannot be claimed to be cured.
PHARMACEUTICS – I
Sec 10
Processing of Capsules-Hard and soft gelatin capsules; different sizes of capsules; filling of capsules; handling and storage of capsules. Special applications of capsules.Processing of Tablets-Definition; different type of compressed tablets and their properties. Processes involved in the production of tablets; Tablets excipients; Defects in tablets; Evaluation of Tablets; Physical standards including Disintegration and Dissolution. Tablet coating-sugar coating; films coating, enteric coating and micro-encapsulationSterilization-Concept of sterilization and its differences from disinfection-Thermal resistance of microorganisms. Sterilization with moist heat, Dry heat sterilization, Sterilization by radiation, Sterilization by filtration and Gaseous sterilization.
Medical
100 Marks
PHARMACIST GR.II
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for Pharmacist Gr.II in Health Services / Medical Education Department.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#pharmacist#medical#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I
Sec 1
Acids, bases and buffers-Boric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Strong Ammonium hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide and official buffers.Antidotes- Sodium nitrite. Inorganic official compounds of Iron, Iodine and Calcium, Ferrous Sulphate and Calcium Gluconate.Antimicrobials and Astringents- Hydrogen peroxide, Potassium permanganate, Chlorinated lime, Iodine, Solutions of Iodine, Povidone-iodine, Boric acid, Borax, Silver nitrate, Mild silver protein, Mercury ,yellow, Mercuric oxide, Ammoniated mercury.Expectorants and Emetics-Ammonium chloride, Potassium iodide, Antimony potassium tartrate.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY II
Sec 2
Adrenergic antagonist- Tolazoline, Propranolol, Practolol.Adrenergic drugs- Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Isoprenaline, Phenylephrine, Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine.Anti-Neoplastic Drugs- Actinomycin, Azathioprine, Busulphan, Chloramubucil, Cisplatin,Cyclophosphamide, Daunorubicin Hydrochloride, Fluorouracil, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Mytomycin.Anti-tubercular Drugs- Isoniazid, PAS, Streptomycin, Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Thiacetazone, Ethionamide, cycloserine, pyrazinamide*.Antibiotics- Benzyl penicillin, Phenoxy methyl penicillin, Benzathine penicillin, Ampicillin,Cloxacillin, Carbencicillin, Gentamicin, Neomycin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Cephalexin,Cephaloridine, Cephalothin, Griseofulvin, Chloramphenicol.Antidepressant Drugs- Amitriptyline, Nortryptyline, Imipramine, Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine.Antifungal agents- Undecylenic acid, Tolnaftate, Nystatin, Amphotericin, Hamycin.Antileprotic Drugs- Clofazimine , Thiambutosine, Dapsone, solapsone,Antimalarial Drugs-Chloroquine,Amodiaquine, Primaquine, Proguanil, Pyrimethamine, Quinine,Trimethoprim.Antiseptics and Disinfectants-Proflavine, Benzalkonium chloride, Cetrimide, Phenol, chloroxylenol, Formaldehyde solution, Hexachlophene, Nitrofurantoin.Cholinergic Antagonists- Atropine, Hyoscine, Homatropine, Propantheline, Benztropine, Tropicamide,Biperiden.Cholinergic Drugs- Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Pralidoxime, Pilocarpine, Physostigmine.Diuretic Drugs- Furosemide, Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Benzthiazide, Urea, Mannitol, Ethacrynic Acid.Sulphonamides- Sulphadiazine, Sulphaguanidine, Phthalylsulphathaizole, Succinylsulphathiazole, Sulphadimethoxine, Sulphamethoxypyridazine, Co-trimoxazole, sulfacetamideTranquilizers-Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine, Trifluoperazine, Thiothixene, Haloperiodol, Triperiodol, Oxypertine, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Meprobamate.
CLINICAL PHARMACY
Sec 3
Adverse Drug Reaction: Definition and significance. Drug-Induced diseases and Teratogenicity.Bio-availability of drugs, including factors affecting it.Disease, manifestation and patho-physiology including salient symptoms to understand the disease like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cardio-vascular diseases, Epilepsy, Diabetes, Peptic Ulcer, Hypertension.Drug dependences, drug abuse, addictive drugs and their treatment, complications.Drug Interactions: Definition and introduction. Mechanism of Drug Interaction. Drug-drug interaction with reference to analgesics, diuretics, cardiovascular drugs, Gastro-intestinal agents. Vitamins and Hypoglycemic agents. Drug-food interaction.Drugs in Clinical Toxicity- Introduction, general treatment of poisoning, systemic antidotes, Treatment of insecticide poisoning, heavy metal poison, Narcotic drugs, Barbiturate, Organo-phosphorus poisons.Physiological parameters with their significance.
PHARMACOGNOSY
Sec 4
Antidiabetics- Pterocarpus, Gymnema sylvestre.Antidysenterics- Ipecacuanha.Antihypertensive- Rauwolfia.Antileprotics- Chaulmoogra oil.Antimalarials- Cinchona.Antirheumatics- Guggul, Colchicum.Antiseptics and disinfectants- Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Curcuma.Antitumour- Vinca.Antitussives- Vasaka, Tolu balsam, Tulsi.Astringents- Catecheu.Cardiotonics- Digitalis, Arjuna.Carminatives & G.I. regulators- Umbelliferous fruits, Coriander, Fennel, Ajowan, Cardamom, Ginger, Black pepper , Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Clove.Diuretics- Gokhru, Punarnava.Drugs acting on nervous system- Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Aconite, Ashwagandha, Ephedra, Opium, Cannabis, Nux -vomica.Enzymes- Papaya, Diastase, Yeast.Laxatives- Aloes, Rhubarb, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna.Oxytocics- Ergot.Perfumes and flavouring agents- peppermint oil, Lemon oil, Orange oil, lemon grass oil, sandal wood.Vitamins- Shark liver oil and Amla.
HOSPITAL PHARMACY
Sec 5
Application of computers in maintenance of records, inventory control, medication monitoring, drug information and data storage and retrieval in hospital retail pharmacy establishment.Drug Distribution system in Hospitals.Drug Information service and Drug Information Bulletin.Hospital Formulary system and their organization, functioning, composition.Economic considerations, estimation of demand.Non-sterile manufacture-Liquid orals, externals, Bulk concentrates. Procurement of stores and testing of raw materials.Sterile manufacture-Large and small volume parenterals, facilities, requirements, layout production planning, man-power requirements.Nomenclature and uses of surgical instruments and Hospital Equipments and health accessories.Other hospital supply eg. I.V.sets, B.G. sets, Ryles tubes, Catheters, Syringes etcOut-patient services,In-patient services- types of services detailed discussion of unit Dose system, Floor ward stock system, satellite pharmacy services, central sterile services, Bed side pharmacy.P.T.C. (Pharmacy Therapeutic Committee)Surgical dressing like cotton, gauze, bandages and adhesive tapes including their pharmacopoeial tests for quality.
PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Sec 6
Autocoids: physiological role of histamine and serotonin, Histamine and Antihistamines, prostaglandins.Cardiotonics, Antiarrhythmic agents, Anti-anginal agents, Antihypertensive agents, peripheral Vasodilators and drugs used in atherosclerosis.Antitubercular agents, Antifungal agents, antiviral drugs, anti-leprotic drugs.Urinary antiseptics, sulphonamides, penicillin, streptomycin, Tetracyclines and other antibiotics.Adrenergic drugs and adrenergic receptor blockers.Cholinergic drugs, Anticholinergic drugs, anticholinesterase drugs.Neuromuscular blockers, used in myasthenia gravis.Neurone blockers and ganglion blockers.Mydriatics, drugs used in glaucoma.Analgesic antipyretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs- Narcotic analgesics.Antirheumatic and anti-gout remedies. Sedatives and Hypnotics, Psychopharmacological agents, anticonvulsants, analeptics.Centrally acting muscle relaxants and anti parkinsonian agents.General anaesthetics- adjunction to anaesthesia, intravenous anaesthetics.Diuretics and anti-diuretics.Hypoglycemic agents, Anti--thyroid drugs, sex hormones and oral contraceptives, corticosteroids.
DRUG STORE AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Sec 7
Banking and Finance-Service and functions of bank, Finance planning and sources of finance.Codification, handling of drug stores and other hospital supplies.Drug House Management-selection of site, space Lay-out and legal requirements.Importance and objectives of purchasing, selection of suppliers, credit information, tenders, contracts and price determination and legal requirements.Inventory Control-objects and importance, modern techniques like ABC,VED analysis, the lead time, inventory carrying cost, safety stock, minimum and maximum stock levels, economic order quantity, scrap and surplus disposal.Sales promotion, Market Research, Salesmanship, qualities of a salesman, Advertising and Window Display.
PHARMACEUTICS II
Sec 8
Suspensions (elementary study)-Suspensions containing diffusible solids and liquids and their preparations.An introduction to flocculated /non-flocculated suspension system.Study of the adjuvant used like thickening agents, wetting agents, suspensions of precipitate forming liquids like tinctures, their preparations and stability.Suspensions produced by chemical reaction.Dental and cosmetic preparations: Introduction to Dentifrices, facial cosmetics, Deodorants. Antiperspirants, shampoo, Hair dressings and Hair removers.Instabilities in emulsions, preservation of emulsions.Emulsions-Types of emulsions, identification of emulsion system, formulation of emulsions, selection of emulsifying agent.Ophthalmic products: study of essential characteristics of different ophthalmic preparations. Formulation additives, special precautions in handling and storage of ophthalmic products.Parenteral dosage forms-Definition, General requirements for parenteral dosage forms. Types of parenteral formulations, vehicles, adjuvants, processing and personnel, Facilities and quality control.Preparation of Intravenous fluids and admixtures-Total parenteral nutrition, Dialysis fluids.
PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE
Sec 9
Narcotic Drugs and psychotropic substances Act, 1985-A brief study of the act with special reference to its objectives, offences and punishment.Pharmacy Act,1948-The General study of the pharmacy Act with special reference to Education Regulations ,Working of state and central councils, constitution of these councils and functions, Registration procedures under the Act.Definitions and salient features related to retail and whole sale distribution of drugs.Facilities to be provided for running a pharmacy effectively.General study of the schedules with special reference to schedules C,C1,F,G,J,H,P and X and salient features of labelling and storage conditions of drugs.The powers of Inspectors, the sampling procedures and the procedure and formalities in obtaining licenses under the rule.The Drugs and Cosmetics Act,1940-General study of the Drugs and cosmetics Act and the Rules there under.The Drugs and Magic Remedies (objectionable Advertisement)Act, 1954-General study of the Act,objectives , special reference to be laid on Advertisements, magic remedies and objectionable and permitted advertisements -diseases which cannot be claimed to be cured.
PHARMACEUTICS – I
Sec 10
Processes involved in the production of tablets; Tablets excipients; Defects in tablets; Evaluation of Tablets; Physical standards including Disintegration and Dissolution.Processing of Capsules-Hard and soft gelatin capsules; different sizes of capsules; filling of capsules; handling and storage of capsules. Special applications of capsules.Processing of Tablets-Definition; different type of compressed tablets and their properties.Sterilization with moist heat, Dry heat sterilization, Sterilization by radiation, Sterilization by filtration and Gaseous sterilization.Sterilization-Concept of sterilization and its differences from disinfection-Thermal resistance of microorganisms.Tablet coating-sugar coating; films coating, enteric coating and micro-encapsulation
Medical
100 Marks
AUXILIARY NURSE MIDWIFE
Recruitment by Kerala Public Service Commission for the post of Auxiliary Nurse Midwife in Insurance Medical Services. The exam covers subjects related to Community Health Nursing, Health Promotion, Primary Health Care, Child Health Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Centre Management.
90m
6s
#kerala-psc#nursing#medical#health-worker#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
MIDWIFERY
Sec 1
Abnormal childhoodAbnormal PuerperiumAbnormalities of pregnancyAbortionAntenatal CareCare during normal labourCare of new bornFamily welfareFemale Pelvis and foetal skullFoetus and placentaHigh risk new BornHigh risk pregnanciesHIV/AIDSHuman Reproductive SystemInfertilityLife cycle approachNormal labourNormal pregnancyNormal puerperiumPopulation EducationRTIs and STIsSafe mother-hoodStatus of women and empowermentSurgical InterventionWomen's health problems
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
Sec 2
Care of adolescent girlsCare of adolescentsCare of School childrenCare of the sick childChildren's RightsGrowth and developmentNutrition of infants and children
HEALTH CENTRE MENAGEMENT
Sec 3
Co-ordinationImplementation of national health programMaintenance of stocksThe sub centreUpdate knowledge
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE-(PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND RESTORATION OF HEALTH)
Sec 4
Care in Communicable diseaseCommunicable DiseaseEpidemic ManagementIntroduction to communicable diseaseAches and painsCardiovascular problemCare in sick in the communityCare of handicapDigestive problemsDisease of the nervous systemDiseases of muscular skeletal systemFeverMetabolic DiseasesRespiratory problemsUrinary problemsFracturesLife Threatening conditionsMinor Injuries and ailmentsNeed for First AidCollection of specimenConcept of diseaseDisinfection and sterilizationImmunity and body defense mechanisamsImmunizationInfectionWaste disposalAdministration of drugsCommon emergency drugsDrugs used in minor ailmentsTypes of drugs
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Sec 5
Communication methods & mediaCommunity based rehabilitationCommunity Health practiceCommunity need assessmentConcept of healthCounselingDynamics of CommunityHealth organisationHealth problems and policiesRole of health teamStructure of Community
HEALTH PROMOTION
Sec 6
Community participationDisposal of Excreta and wasteEnvironmental SanitationSafe waterHygiene of the bodyOptical functioning of the bodyThe Human bodyMaladjustmentMental HealthMental illinessOld age careEssential nutrientsNutritional assessmentNutritional problemsPromotion of Nutrition
Medical
400 Marks
Assistant Insurance Medical Officer
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts recruitment for the post of Assistant Insurance Medical Officer. The exam was held on April 24, 2020.
195m
22s
#kerala-psc#medical-officer#medicine#degree-level#insurance-medical-services
Syllabus Explorer
HUMAN ANATOMY
Sec 1
Abdomen, Pelvis and PerineumBrain and Spinal CordGeneral AnatomyGeneral EmbryologyGeneticsHead and NeckLower LimbThoraxUpper Limb
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 2
Caesarean section (indications, complications)CPD, obstructed labourHypertonic contractions, hypotonic contractions and incoordinate uterine actionVaginal delivery after caesareanElderly primi, grand multipara, Rh negative, Gynaecological disorders complicating pregnancyIntrauterine deathIUGRMultiple pregnanciesPost datismPreterm laborPROM (Premature rupture of membranes)Abnormal presentations and management: Occipito posterior position, Breech presentation, transverse lie, brow/face presentationAbnormal puerperium: cause clinical presentation investigations and managementAbortions: Types, aetiopathology, investigations and managementAntenatal care: objectives of antenatal care routine antenatal check up, Assessment of period of gestation, obstetric examination, general examination, other system examinationBreast feedingClinical monitoring of maternal and fetal well being, detect abnormalityCommon problems in Pregnancy - Oedema, Pruritis, heart burn, piles, varicose veins, clothing and foot ware, exercise, sex, hygiene, nutrition, rest, drug in pregnancyContraception: various methods and devices, selection of patients, counselling of the Couples, follow up, side effects, complications, and failure ratesDrugs: Immunisation, drug prescription relevant blood examination, urine examination and interpretation of the results and physiological changes in pregnancyEctopic pregnancy: aetiopatholgy, early diagnosis, late diagnosis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and principles of management (conservative, medical and surgical)Fetal surveillanceFetomaternal medicine: Screening for congenital abnormalities, blood tests (maternal and fetal) Amniotic fluid analysis, fetal tissue biopsyFetal distress: definition, diagnosis and management neonatal resuscitation, care of newborn, examination of newborn and identifying congenital abnormalities, jaundice in newbornAbnormal menstruation – definition, classification, clinical features and principles of investigations, diagnosis and managementNormal menstrual cycle – physiology of menstruationAbnormal vaginal discharge: causes, clinical examination, diagnosis, investigation and management. Counselling regarding prevention of STD’sAcute abdomenAdolescent medicine (Gynaecology)Amenorrhoea: Definition, classification, causes, investigations and managementAnalgesiaColposcopy: Principles instrument, procedureDysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding: Definition, causes, investigations and managementEndocrinologyEndometriosis: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management, contraceptionEndoscopy in gynaecological practiceGenital infections: STDs, PID, HIV infection and AIDS, genital TB – aetiopathology, diagnosis and principles of managementGenital injuries including fistulae: Causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and principles of management and preventionHormonal therapy: when to give, when not to give, type of hormones with dosage, duration of hormonal therapy, complications and contraindications for hormonal therapyHysteroscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, steps in present gynaecological practices and complications.Infertility: Types, definition, causes, counselling, examination of couple and essential investigations, ART: various methods of assisted reproductive techniques, setting up of ART labLaproscopy: Principles, indications, instrumentation, procedure, complication, scope of laproscopy in gynaecological practicesNeoplasms of genital tract – Benign and malignant, aetiopathology, clinical feature, diagnosis, principles of management and cancer screening and preventive aspectsOperative gynaecology: Abnormal hysterectomyOperative gynaecology: Correction of enterocele, diagnosis and operation for vault prolapseOperative gynaecology: Indications, complications of D&C, cervical biopsyOperative gynaecology: Medical termination of pregnancy, evacuation of incomplete Abortion tubal ligation, IUCD insertionOperative gynaecology: Ovarian tumoursOperative gynaecology: Radical procedure for malignancyOperative gynaecology: Vaginal hysterectomy, sling proceduresManagement of fever, skin wound complications, complications like burst abdomen, intraperitoneal bleeding and intra peritoneal collections, instruments, specimens etc.Routine management of postoperative patient like IV fluids, drugs, antibiotics, ambulation, nutritionUrological problemsHyperemesis gravidarum: definition, aetiopathology, clinical features advice and drug therapyAnaemia in pregnancyDiabetes in pregnancyDummy pelvis, Mannequins resuscitation of newbornHeart disease complicating pregnancyHypertensive disorders of pregnancyJaundice in pregnancy Haemorrhage and coagulation disorders in obstetrics and immunology in pregnancyThyroid disorders, immunological disorders like SLE, ACLA, and thrombophilia complicating pregnancyUTI, hepatitis, TB, chest disease complicating pregnancyVeneral disease, infections, HIV complicating pregnancyMTP Act, Legal and ethical aspects, methods, complications and managementAcceleration of labor and drugs used in laborDelivery: stages of labour, management of first of labourInduction of labor (various methods of induction – merits and demerits)Labour monitoring partogram, Labour analgesiaManagement of second stage of labour (vaginal delivery with episiotomy)Active management of third stage of laborOther complications of third stage of labor and managementPrevention of PPH, Management of PPHMechanism of labourPhysiology of onset of labor, fetal skull and pelvisAssisted breech delivery, breech extractionCaesarean sectionCervical encirclage extra amniotic instillation and manual removal of placentaExternal cephalic version, internal podalic versionIndication and steps of the procedure of episiotomyInstrumental evacuationVacuum extraction, forceps deliveryPregnancy - Diagnosis, Clinical features, differential diagnosis, relevant tests and the principles underlying the testsRecurrent pregnancy loss: causes, investigations and managementTrophoblastic diseases: aetiopathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, long term follow up and complicationsUltrasound examinationUltrasound MRI in obstetrics: diagnostic and interventional
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 3
Acute conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Allergic conjunctivitis, Pingencula, pterygium, Xerosis/ bitot spots, Dry eye, Angular conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, subconj hemorrhager, D/D of conjunctival and limbal noduleAngle closure glaucoma, open angle glaucoma, steroid induced glaucoma, lens induced glaucoma including surgery and managementAwareness of amblyopia, types of squint, paralytic, non-paralyticCataract and management, cong. Conditions, surgery and complications, lens abnormality, secondary glaucomas, congenital glaucomaCauses of blindnessCauses of sudden / partial / painless dimension of visionCentral retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma, Pappilledema, optic neuritis, optic atrophyChemical injuries, open globe injuries, closed globe injuries and first aid treatment including sympathetic injuries.Chronic conjunctivitis, Dry eye, membraneous conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitisChronic side effects of systemic medication, local anaesthetics, viscoelastics, steroid and NSAIDSCommon causes of proptosis, orbital cellulites, cavernous sinus thrombosisCorneal Inflammations: Corneal ulcers-bacterial, fungal, viral, Mooren’s ulcer, Vitamin A deficiency and keratomalacia, exposure keratitis, neuroparlytic keratitis, corneal blindness, eye banking, eye donation, keratoplasty, arcus senilis, corneal oedema, deep / interstitial keratitis, degenerations and dystrophies, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Dacryocystitis – congenital, acute, chronic, epiphoraDefinition and types of blindness.Ectropion entropion, trichiasis, ptosis, Iagophthalmos, symblepharon, blepharitis, Chalazion, refractive error, myopia, hypermetropia, Astigmatism, presbyopia, aphakia / pseduophakia, Anisometropia, overview of keratorefractive surgery.Enucleation – Indication, techniqueEye and systemic diseases including AIDSEye campsFundus changes in diabetes, hypertension, anaemias, pregnancy induced hypertension, haematological disorders, myopiaIridocylitis, Panophthalmitis, EndophthalmitisLasers in OphthalmologyNPCB, Vision 2020Ocular malignancy – retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma of choroidPharmacologyPhotocoagulationPromotion of eye donationRetinal vascular diseasesScleritis, episcleritisSiderosis bulbi, Chalcosis, medico legal aspects.Symptomatic disturbances of vision, overview of recent advances in ophthalmologySynchisis syntillans, Asteroid hyalosis.Systemic associations of uveitis, Choroiditis, Coloboma iris, ocular albinism, vitreous hemorrhage – causes
PSYCHIATRY
Sec 4
Aetiological factors in psychiatric disordersBipolar disordersClassification of psychiatric disordersClinical interview and mental state examinationDepressive disordersLegal aspects of psychiatryMajor manifestation of psychiatric illnessNeurotic, stress related and somatoform disordersOrganic brain syndromeSchizophreniaSleep disordersSubstance abuseTreatments used in psychiatric illness
FAMILY WELFARE
Sec 5
In female – Barrier contraception, female condom, IUCD, tubectomy etc.In male – Condom, vasectomy (NSV) etcCommunity Medicine: The need for Family Welfare Planning, organization of Family Planning service, Health Education in relating to Family Planning, Nutrition, Physiological need of the mother, the child and the family Demography and the vital statisticsPediatrics: Problems of child health in relation to large family: organization of pediatric services, nutritional problems of mother and child, childhood diseases due to over crowding.Contraindications for administration of contraceptives. Side effects of contraceptivesMode of action and administration of chemical contraceptives and oral contraceptivePhysiology, endocrine and regulation of reproduction in the female. The safe period-rhythm method of contraception, principle of use of oral contraceptives.
SURGERY AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 6
Arteries - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, trauma, acute ischaemia, chronic ischaemia, Arterial aneurysms and A. V. fistula, amputationsATLS, poly trauma, disaster managementBiliary system – congential disorders, gall stone, cholecystitis, CholangocarcinomaChest – diaphragm, mediastinum, chest injuries: Thoracic outlet compression syndrome, heart and pericardium, pleura and lungs.Critically injured patient including TriageDifferent types of wounds and their managementFluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional supportGastrointestinal tract – oesophagus, anatomy and physiology, congential anomalies, dysphagia, achalasia and other motility disorders, oesophageal perforation, gastrooesophageal reflux diseases, tumours.Genitourinary system – congenital conditions, trauma, infections, stones, hydronephrosis, tumours of kidney, tumours of bladder, retention of urinary bladder, haematuria, torsion, undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, carcinoma penis, phimosis, prostate testicular tumours, benign prostatic hypertrophy, carcinoma prostate, adrenal gland surgery pheochromacytoma and conn syndrome.Head and neck - Head injuries, facio maxillary injuries, salivary glands, mouth and face, cleft lip, cleft palate, oral cancers and premalignant conditions, jaw tumours, ranula, misc-Branchial cysts, arid fistula, carotid body tumours.Immunology and organ transplantation, HIV and surgeon, Hepatitis BInflammations – Lymphangitis, lymphadentis, malignant neoplasms – lymphomasLiver – Applied anatomy and physiology, trauma, liver abscess, cysts of the liver, portal hypertension, tumours, principles and management of obstructive jaundice.Lymphatics and lymph nodes - Applied Anatomy and physiology, lymph oedema – primary, secondary, lymph cyst – cystic hygromaMetabolic response to traumaMiscellaneous – Abdominal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, peritoneum and retroperitoneum, hernia and abdominal wall, mesentery, surgical audit and day care surgeryPancreas – Anatomy, development and physiology, congenital anomalies, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis including calcific pancreatitis, tumours, surgical jaundicePre-operative and post-operative care – emphasis on intensive care and high dependency sterilizationPrinciples of imaging techniquesPrinciples of Surgery, genetics, history of surgery, surgical ethicsRectum and anal canal – ano-rectal anomalies, prolapse, haemorrhoids, ano-rectal sepsis, fissure, fistula, tumourShock: Types, pathogenesis and management, Haemorrhage, Haemostasis, Blood transfusion, BurnsNormal structure – Ulcers, sinus and fistula, cysts and benign tumoursPre-malignant conditions, malignant tumours, skin coverSmall and large intestine – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease including typhoid, tuberculosis, tumours, intestinal obstruction.Spleen – Anatomy and physiology, trauma – splenic conservation, indication for splenectomyStomach and Duodenum – Anatomy, physiology, embryology, congenital, peptic ulcer disease (APD), Upper GI haemorrhage, tumours, pyloric stenosisSurgical sepsis – specific infection, Nosocomial infection, antibiotic policySuture materials and anastomosisThyroid and parathyroid thyroglossal cyst and fistula Breast - Applied anatomy and physiology, investigation, fibrocystic diseases, inflammation, tumoursTraumaVeins - Applied anatomy and physiology, varicose veins and venous ulcers, DVT and superficial thrombophlebitisVermiform appendix – Anatomy, appendicitis, neoplasmWound healing and complications
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIO-PHYSICS
Sec 7
AuditionCardiovascular SystemEndocrinologyGastrointestinal SystemHematologyNerve - muscle physiologyNervous SystemPhysiology of ReproductionRenal SystemRespiratory SystemSkin and Temperature regulationSpecial Senses
PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 8
Autacoids and related drugsAutonomic nervous systemCardiovascular systemCentral nervous systemChemotherapyDrugs acting on Endocrine systemDrugs affecting blood and blood formationGeneral pharmacology and basic concepts of clinical pharmacologyGITInfective/Parasitic conditionsMedical emergenciesMiscellaneousNational health programmesRespiratory systemToxicology
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Sec 9
Basic epidemiologyBio-statisticsCharacteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multifactorial etiology of disease.Definition of health, holistic concepts of health including the concept of spiritual health, appreciation of health as a relative concept, dimensions and determinants of healthDefinition, concepts and evolution (history) of public healthHealth profile of IndiaIntroduction to various health indicatorsUnderstanding the concept of prevention and control of diseaseUnderstanding the natural history of disease and application of interventions at various levels of preventionsDemography and vital statisticsDevelopment and health interfaceDisabilityDisaster managementAwareness of standards of housing and its effect of housing on health.Concepts of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal.Concepts of water conservation, rainwater harvesting and global warming.Health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation pollution.Identifying the features of vectors and their control measures.Life cycles of vectors and advantages and limitations of various vector control measures.Mode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides.Physical, Chemical and bacteriological standards of drinking water quality and tests of assessing bacteriological quality of waterRadiation prevention and controlBasel conventionKyoto ProtocolStockholm conventionRole of vectors in the causation of diseases.Urban waste management.Water: concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of waterborne diseases, water purification process, water quality standards.Epidemiology of specific diseases: Communicable and noncommunicableHealth care of elderlyHealth care system in IndiaHealth care waste managementHealth planning, management and administrationHealth promotion and education / communication for behavioural change (Information, education, communication)International healthLegislation and public healthMental health and behavioural problemsNutritionOccupational healthReproductive and child healthSchool healthAssessment of barriers to good health and health seeking behaviourAssessment of socio-economic status, effect of health and illness on socio-economic statusAttitude, Behaviour, habitsConcept of sociology and behavioural science, Clinico-socio-cultural and demographic evaluation of the individual, family and communityConflicts – internal, interpersonal and conflict resolutions, defense mechanismsDevelopment and health interface – poverty and health, poverty alleviation programme, health of the marginalized, sustainable and inclusive developmentDoctor-patient relationshipEmotions, frustrations, role of emotions in health and coping with emotionsEthicsGender and health including gender based violence, epidemiology of violence and its prevention and control life skill educationImpact of urbanization on health and diseaseIntelligence – IQ and EQLearning – Types and skillsPersonality – Types, Interpersonal relationshipsPoverty link to health and disease and poverty alleviation programmesRole of family in health and diseaseSocial psychology, community behaviour and community relationship, hospital sociology and psychologySocial security – health insurance: Organized sector, unorganized sector, special groups (Eg: elderly)Socio-cultural factors related to health and disease in the context of urban and rural societiesStress and coping skills – integrated (Psychiatry)Urban health
PAEDIATRIC
Sec 10
Behavioural problems in children - Enuresis, thumb sucking, breath holding, dyslexia, specific learning disorders, child rearing problems like infantile colic, growing pain etcTreatment of epilepsy, GBS, ADEMCommon chromosomal disorders and genetic counselling - Down’s syndrome, Turner syndrome.Common poisoning and accidents in children - Kerosene, Dhatura, paracetamol and iron, snake bite, burns etc.Connective tissue disorders - JRA, other vasculitis syndromes including SLE and HSP, Kawasaki diseaseCVS - Congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever and RHD, CCF, hypertension, infective endocarditis.Disorders of kidney - acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, urinary tract infectionEndocrine disorder - diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, short stature and intersex, ambigous genitalia, precocious pubertyFragile X and Genetic counselling,Diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis and hepatic failure, cirrhosis liver and portal hypertension.Helminthic infestations.Haemopoietic system - anaemia in children, bleeding disordersPoliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, childhood tuberculosis, typhoid fever, HIV infection, dengue and chikungunya, viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria. Pertussis, mumps, rubella, influenza, H1N1, seasonal epidemicsInnocent problems causing undue parental anxiety breath holding spell, evening colic, growing pain etc.Malignancies in children - leukemia, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, solid tumours, CNS tumours, new born respiratory distress in newborn, perinatal diagnosis and treatment, sepsis in newborn, assessment and management of asphyxia, thermoregulation in newborn congenital malformations, disorders of gestation and low birth weight, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, BFHI and feeding, normal variations intrauterine infections, neonatal seizuresNational programmes - IMNCI, RCH3, NRHM, Vitamin A, Iodine deficiency, IDSP, ARI, ADD, AFP & PPINutrition - BFHI, IYCF Nutritional assessment, SAM, specific vitamin deficiency disordersRespiratory system - Childhood asthma, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonias in children suppurative lung disease, smoking and environmental pollution, Croup syndromes
BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 11
Biochemistry of CancerCarbohydratesClinical ChemistryHaemoglobinLipidsMaintenance of HomeostasisMetabolism of Amino acidsMetabolism of LipidsMineral MetabolismNucleic Acids and Molecular BiologyPlasma Proteins and ImmunoglobulinsProteinsVitamins
RADIOLOGY
Sec 12
Biological changesEmergency radiologyGastrointestinal systemGenitourinary systemHepatobiliary systemNeuroimaging modalitiesProduction of X-raysSkeletal radiology chest and Mediastinum
DERMATOLOGY
Sec 13
Bullous skin lesion collagen disorderEczematous dermatitisGastrogenic disordersInfections of skinLeprosy and national leprosy control programmesLesions of skin appendagesMaculopapular,Neoplastic lesionsPigmentary disturbancesSquamous lesion
RADIOTHERAPY
Sec 14
Cancer epidemiology and possible etiological factors, screening for cancerCommon malignancies, diagnosis and treatmentHormone treatment in cancerMethods of radiotherapy and recent advancesPrinciples of cancer chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancerPrinciples of radiation oncology, radioactive sources – Teletherapy, Brachial therapy and nuclear medicine
ANAESTHESIOLOGY
Sec 15
Cardio-pulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, basic cardiac life support (BCLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)Complication in anaesthesia and post-operative periodEquipments in anaesthesia and methods of oxygen therapyGeneral anaesthesia – Basal anaesthesia triads of anaesthesia Inhalational agentsIntravenous anaesthetic agentsIntravenous fluid therapy, intraoperative monitoringIntroduction – scope of AnaesthesiologyMethods of pain reliefPre-anaesthetic check-up premedicationRegional analgesia – subarachnoid and epidural analgesia, other techniques of regional analgesia and agents used.
PATHOLOGY
Sec 16
Cardiovascular pathologyCell injuryCirculatory disturbancesDermato-pathologyEndocrine PathologyGrowth disturbancesHaematopathologyInfectious diseasesLiver and Biliary tract pathologyLymphoreticular system.Miscellaneous disordersNeuropathologyOsteopathologyPathology of gastrointestinal tractRenal and urinary tract pathologyReproductive system.Respiratory pathology
MEDICINE AND ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES
Sec 17
AnatomyApproach to a case of vertigoCerebellar disordersCNS tuberculosisDementias, DeliriumDemyelinationEndocrine disease related to gonadsExtrapyramidal disordersFunctionalHemorrhagic strokeMigraine and cluster headacheMotor neuron disease and myastheniaPeripheral NeuropathyPhysiology and InvestigationPituitary dysfunction and tumourSeizures and epilepsy IschemicSpinal cord disordersStrokeCommon adverse reactionsCommon drug interactionsGeneral principles of drug therapyMonitoring drug therapyRational prescription writingAcute LVF + Acute severe asthmaApproach to comaBioterrorism and disaster managementCardiopulmonary resuscitation statusDICEmergency management of acute coronary syndromeEpilepticsManagement of hepatic encephalopathySevere sepsis and shockCardiac failureCardiomyopathiesCongenital heart disordersCoronary artery diseasesCoronary circulationCorpulomonaleDVT + pulmonary embolismECG and X-ray interpretationHypertension and hypertensive heart diseaseInfective endocarditisPericardial diseasePeripheral vascular diseasesRheumatic fever and RHDRhythm disturbancesDisturbance of body temperatureAddison’s diseaseCushings disease + syndromeDiabetes MellitusHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMetabolic bone disease + Osteoporosis + Vitamin deficiencyParathyroid disorders + TetanyThyroiditis and other thyroid disordersAlcohol abuseBites and stings, snake bite, scorpion sting + othersCommon poisonings organophosphate and carbamate sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, TCA, Rat poison + paracetamol, formic acid, methyl alcohol, OdollumHanging, drowning, electrical injuriesRadiation hazardsAcidosisAlkalosisHypokalemia + HyperkalemiaHyponatremia + HypernatremiaHypovolemia and dehydrationClinical GeneticsDrug therapy in elderlyNormal ageing and age-related common problemsAbdominal tuberculosisAcid peptic diseasesApproach to patient with AscitesApproach to patient with JaundiceChronic liver diseaseDisease of colon and rectumDrug / toxin induced hepatitis and NASHHaemochromatosis and Wilson’s diseaseIBSInflammatory bowel diseaseMalabsorption syndrome and tropical spruePhysiology of absorption and investigation proceduresUpper GI bleedAcute LeukemiasAplastic anaemia + AgranulocytosisBleeding disordersChronic LeukemiasCoagulation disordersDeficiency anaemiaHaemolytic anaemias FeHUS and TTPLymphomaMacrocyte and Megaloblastic anaemiaPlasma cell disordersPolycythemiaAnaphylaxis, Urticaria, AngioedemasImmune reactionImmunoglobulinRole of B and T LymphocytesAcute viral hepatitis chronicAmoebiasisApproach to fever and PUOBrucellosisChickenpox,ChickungunyaCommon exanthematous feversCommon fungal infectionsCommon gram negative infectionsCommon gram positive infectionsDengue fever,FilariasisGastroenteritis, Cholera, food poisoningHelminthic infections, Bacillary dysenteryHerpes zosterHIV AIDSInfluenza and other respiratory viral infectionsLeptospirosisLRTI – Bronchitis and community acquired pneumoniaMeningitisRabiesRicketsiaSepsisSkin and soft tissue infections including cellulitisTetanusTuberculosisTyphoid,URI including sinusitisUTIViral hepatitis malariaMedical disorders in pregnancyHypo and Hypervitaminosis A & DNutrition requirementsObesityProtein calorie malnutrition in adultsVitamin deficienciesVitamin excessAssessment and treatment of chronic painPrimary Immune deficiency disordersAcute renal failureChronic renal failureGlomerular diseaseNephrotic syndrome RFTBronchial asthmaBronchogenic carcinomaCOPDILDPleural diseasesRespiratory failureSuppurative lung diseaseApproach to chronic backacheDegenerative joint disordersInflammatory muscle diseaseRheumatoid arthritisSLESpondyloarthopathies
ORTHOPAEDICS
Sec 18
Bone, tumour, osteochondroma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst and enchondroma, giant cell tumour, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma,CDHChondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone diseases and osteogenesis imperfectaCTEV and flat footIntervertebral disc prolapseNerve injuries – Radial nerve, ulnar nerve, sciatic nerve, amputations and osteoarthrosis hip, knee, cerebral palsyPerthe’s disease and slipped upper femoral epiphysisRheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitisRickets and osteomalaciaScoliosis and spondylothesisTorticollis, congential pseudoarthrosis of tibia and arthrgryphosis multiplex congenita ostemyelitis septic arthritis tuberculosis – spine, hip, knee, elbow, wrist and other sitesAnkle injuries – Pott’s fractureColle’s fracture and fracture scaphoidComplications of fracture – open fractures and pathological fractureDefinition of a fracture and types of fracture and general principles of management of fractureElbow dislocation and forearm fractureExtensor mechanism injuries of kneeFracture clavicle, fracture neck of humerus and shoulder dislocationFracture humems (Shaft) and supracondylar fractureFracture of tarsal bonesFracture pelvis and hip fracture – fracture of femurFracture spine and traumatic paraplegiaHand injuriesHip dislocation and fracture shaft of femurIntercondylar fracture and Olecranon fractureLeg fractureMeniscus tear and fracture patellaMonteggia fracture and Galeazzi’s fracture
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Sec 19
Disability evaluation – principles people with disabilities Act – 1995Introduction to physical medicine and rehabilitation disability process and progression of disabilities concept of Impairment / disability and hard capPain management principlesPrinciples of occupational therapy its application in the rehabilitation of various disabilitiesPrinciples of physical therapy – various modalities and therapeutic exercisesPrinciples of prosthetics and rehabilitation aids their application in the rehabilitation of disabilitiesPrinciples of rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo get exposed to the potentials of socia-vocation rehabilitation of the various describing conditions in the light of the 1995 Act people with disabilities (equal opportunities etc) Act 1995To get oriented to basic principles of community based rehabilitation of people with disabilitiesTo understand the basic principles of disability conclusion and for certification purposes
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Sec 20
Disease of inner ear: Vertigo – classification, causes, investigations and management (special mention of Meniere’s disease, positional vertigo and acoustic neuroma)Introduction to diseases of ear Topics: Diseases of external ear (with special mention on wax, otomycosis, foreign body, keratosis and malignant otitis externa. Diseases of middle ear: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media – TTD, AAD, complications of middle ear infections. Deafness – classification, causes, investigations, early detection of deafness in children and rehabilitation (special mention to audiometry, otosclerosis, learning and speech rehabilitation.Acute sinusitis (in detail), chronic sinusitis (in detail)Complications of infections of nose and paranasal sinusesFacio-maxillary injuries (in detail), epistaxis, DNS and nasal polyp (special emphasis on FESS)Rhinitis – etiology, classification and management (special mention of allergic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis and allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis.)Tumours of nose and PNS (special mention of inverted papilloma, naso-pharyngeal angiofibroma and malignancy)Dysphagia – causes, investigations and management (special mention of malignancy)Foreign bodies of aero-digestive tract – diagnosis, management and complications, endoscopies in ENTHoarseness – diagnosis and managementMalignant lesions of larynx and laryngo-pharynxNeck space infections – Ludwig’s angina, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscessStridor – diagnosis and managementTonsils and adenoids (special mention of Qunisy, patches in oral cavity and pharynx)
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
Sec 21
Asphyxial deaths: Definition, causes, types, post-mortem appearances and medico legal significance of violent asphyxia deaths like hanging, strangulation, suffocation, smothering, choking, drowning, traumatic asphyxia.Blood – preservation and dispatch of samples, importance of blood groups in disputed paternity, hazards of blood transfusion.Principles of laboratory tests for identification of the above and interpretation of the results.Seminal and salivary stains preservation, dispatch and importance of grouping.Court procedures. Summons, warrant, Conduct money, Oath / affirmation, types of witnesses, recording of evidence, conduct of doctor in witness box, perjury, hostile witness.Courts in India and their powers. Supreme Court, High Court, Sessions Court, Assistant Sessions Court and Magistrate Courts.Death sexDefinition of forensic medicine, forensic pathology and medical jurisprudenceAlgor mortis, Livor mortis, Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening, heat stiffeningCommon post mortem artifacts.Decomposition, modified forms of decomposition, estimation of time since death.Civil and criminal responsibilities of mentally ill persons.Definition and brief overview of common mental illnesses.Indian mental health act with special reference to admission, care and discharge of mentally ill persons.True and feigned mental illnesses.Abortion, MTP, sexual sterilization, artificial insemination and their legal aspects.Legal aspects of the above.Potency, sterility, virginity, pregnancy, delivery.Sexual offences and abnormal sexual practices.Definition.Identification of persons, dead bodies and remains of a person by sex, age, biometry, dental features, scars, moles, tattoos, dactylography, personal belongings, photography, superimposition, DNA.Infant and childhood deaths: Viability and determination of intrauterine age of the foetus, live birth, still birth, dead born. Sudden infant death syndrome, child abuse.Inquest proceduresIntroduction to the subject, historical aspects of forensic medicineClassification of injuries, description of blunt force and sharp force injuries.Definition of wound, injury, hurt, assault, battery.Fire arms – principles, types, examination and interpretation of fire arm wounds. Comparison microscopy.Injuries due to physical agents and their medico legal importance: Heat, cold, electricity and lightning. Explosion injuries.Injuries due to traffic occurrences.Medico legal aspects of injuries: Difference between ante mortem and post-mortem injuries, determination of different types of injuries, defense wounds, hesitation cuts, fabricated injuries, simple and grievous hurt, suicidal, accidental and homicidal injuries, causes of death by mechanical injuries, legal classification of fatal injuries.Regional injuries: Injuries to head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, genitalia, vertebral column and bones.Medical certificates and medico legal reports. Birth, death, wound, drunkenness, potency, offence cases, intimation, notification.Certification of births, deaths, illness, fitness, disability.Consent: Types, age in relation to consent, consent in relation to mental illness and alcohol intoxication, consent in emergency situations.Consumer protection act.Duties and rights and privileges of a registered medical practitioner.Indian medical council and state medical councils, their functions and disciplinary control.Medical negligence: Civil, criminal, contributory negligence, vicarious responsibility, res ipsa loquitur, prevention of medical negligence and defence in medical negligence suits.Professional conduct, etiquette and ethics in medical practice.Professional secrecy and privileged communication.Medico legal aspects of deaths due to starvation-forced feeding.Definition of medico legal and clinical / pathological autopsy.Objectives, procedures and formalities of medico legal autopsy.Preservation of articles and tissues of importance during autopsy.Chloral hydrateConvulsants: Strychnine.Definition and general principles of management of a case of poisoning.Animal poisons: snake and scorpion bites.Asphyxiants: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide and Cyanides.Cardiac Poisons: Cerbera Odollam, Cerbera thevitia, Nerium odorum.Corrosive poisons: strong mineral acids, alkalies and organic acids – (carbolic, formic and oxalic acid).Deliriants: Dhatura, Cannabis and Cocaine.Inebriants: Methyl and Ethyl alcohol.Insecticides: Organophosphorous compounds, carbamates and Organocholoro compounds, Aluminium phosphide and Zinc phosphide.Metallic poisons: Lead, Arsenic and Iron.Drug abuse and dependence.Inorganic non metallic poisons: Phosphorous.Mechanical poisons.Medico legal duties of a doctor in a case of poisoning, preservation dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis. Role of chemical examiner’s laboratory and forensic science laboratory in brief.Organic vegetable irritants: Abrus precatorius, capsicum, calotropis, Semicarpus anacardium, Croton.Paralytic agents: Curare.War gases and industrial gases.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 22
Antibacterial agents and antibiotic sensitivity testBacterial geneticsGrowth, nutrition culture mediaIdentification of bacteriaInfection – Source and spread of infectionIntroduction to microbiologyMorphology of bacteria comparison with other microbial formsResponse to microbial infectionsSterilisation and disinfectionAntigen, antibodiesAutoimmunityComplement in health and diseasesHLA antigens in health and diseasesHypersensitivityImmunodeficiency diseasesImmunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyIntroduction, classification, type and cells involved in immunitySerological test in medical practicesTumour and transplantationIntroduction – classification of fungi and general principles of lab diagnosisOppurtunistic fungiSubcutaneous infections – Mycetoma, RhinosporidiosisSuperficial infectionsSystematic mycosisHelminthus – intestinal nematodes, tissue nematodes, cestodes, trematodes – laboratory diagnosis of helminthic infectionsIntroduction of parasitic diseaseProtozoal infections – Amoebiasis, Plasmodium, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Trichomonas, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis – laboratory diagnosis of protozoal infectionClostridia, Nonsporing anaerobesGram negative Bacillus-Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Enterobacteria / YersiniaGram negative Cocci- NeisseriaGram positive Bacilli-Corynebacterium, Listeria, BacillusGram positive Cocci-Stapohylococci, Streptococci, PneumococciMycobacteria, Nocardia, ActinomycesMycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, ChlamydiaPseudomonas, Pasteurella, AcinetobacterSpirochetesVibrio / CampylobacterArbovirusesBacteriophagesGeneral characteristics of virusesHepatitis, MiscellaneousMyxovirusesOncogenic virusesPapova, RetrovirusPicorna virusPox virus, Herpes, AdenovirusReplication of virusRhabdo virusVirus host interaction
Medical
100 Marks
Staff Nurse Grade II
This recruitment is conducted by the Kerala Public Service Commission (Kerala PSC) for the post of Staff Nurse Grade II in various health departments like Health Services or Medical Education.
90m
14s
#kerala-psc#nursing#medical#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
PROFESSIONAL TRENDS AND ADJUSTMENT & NURSING ADMINISTRATION AND WARD MANAGEENT
Sec 1
Administration of different health care units, legal responsibilities, leadership styles.Cost and financing of health care services in India, national health plans, role of state and central government in allocation of funds, health insurance.Legislation in nursing, profession and related organisations.Management of supplies and equipmentManagement process – POSDCORB, Policies of hospital and various department of hospitalNursing as a profession, role of a professional nursePhilosophy and principles of administrationProfessional ethics ,etiquettes for employment, personal and professional development- career nursing ,continuing education and in-service education.
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
Sec 2
Admission, transfer and discharge proceduresAssessment of patient – Physical, physiological and psychological assessment.Basic nursing skills-Communication, interview, recording and reportingBiomedical waste management-importance, types, hazards, decontamination of hospital waste, segregation and transportation and disposal.Clinical Pharmacology – Principles, routes, effects and storage of medications, medication errors, Broad classification of drugs, systems of drug measurements, dosage calculations, terminologies and abbreviations used in the prescription of medications. Oral and parenteral therapies, advanced techniques epidural, intrathecal, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, intrapleural, intraarterial. Topical administration,direct applications, inhalations, recording and reporting of medications administered.Concept,scope, ethics and principles of nursing ,history of nursing in India,health care agenciesHolistic approach in nursing, determinants of health ,effects of illnessInfection control methods – nature and type of infection, chain of infection transmission,Medical and surgical asepsis, isolation precaution, barrier nursing, hand washing, isolation, personal protective equipment,its uses, types, techniques of wearing and removing. transportation of infected patient.Meeting the basic needs of patient- Physical needs, hygienic needs, elimination needs, nutritional needs, psychological and spiritual needs. Diversional and recreational therapy,care of terminally ill and dying patient.Nursing process-assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluationPatient’s adjustment to hospital-person, socio-economic and cultural backgroundTherapeutic Environment-physical, psychological and aesthetic factors, prevention of environmental hazardTherapeutic nursing care-Care of patient with respiratory problem, altered body temperature, fluid electrolyte imbalance, body elimination deviation, care of unconscious patient, bed ridden patient and care of patients with pain.
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Sec 3
Anatomical termsCirculatory System - Structure & function of heart and blood vesselsDigestive System - Structure and function of alimentary tractEndocrine System - Structure and function of thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, adrenal gland and pancreasExcretory System - Structure and function of kidney, formation and composition of urine, fluid and electrolyte balanceLymphatic System - Structure and function of lymph vessels, lymph circulation and lymphatic tissues –spleen and thymus.Nervous System - Structure and function of brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, motor and sensory pathways of spinal cord and autonomic nervous system.Reproductive System - Structure and function of male and female reproductive system, Structure and function of breast and Reproductive health.Respiratory System - Structure and function of respiratory organs and characteristics of normal respiration and deviationSense organs - Skin, eye, ear, nose and tongue. Physiology of vision, hearing, smell, touch, taste and equilibrium.Skeletal & Muscular System - Formation and growth of bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilages, classification of bones, axial and appendicular skeleton. Structure and function of muscle.
MIDWIFERY AND GYNEACOLOGICAL NURSING
Sec 4
Assessment and management of high risk and sick newborn.Care of women with gynaecological disorders.Ethical and legal issues related to midwifery.Fertility and infertility.Levels of care in neonatal ICU.Management of complications during pregnancy and risk pregnancy.Management of high risk labour and complications of third stage.Management of normal newborn, management of normal puerperium.Management of patients with breast disorders.Management of patients with various pelvic infections.Menopause – physiological changes, signs and symptoms, health education and counselling, hormone replacement therapy and surgical menopause.Normal pregnancy and its management – Preconception care, genetic counselling, physiological changes in pregnancy, diagnosis of pregnancy, antenatal care and minor disorders of pregnancy.Obstetric emergencies ,post abortion care.Physiology, psychology and pathology of pubertyPuerperal complications and its management.Role of midwife in the administration of drugs during pregnancy, labour and post partum period, drugs used in obstetrics, teratogens.Scope and trends in midwifery,vital statistics related to maternal health in India.Stages of embryological and fetal developmentTerms used in gynaecology, history taking, examination and investigation in gynaecology.Various stages of labour, role of midwife in caring for a woman in labour.
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
Sec 5
Bio-psychosocial therapies and role of nurse in these therapies.Communication skills, factors influencing communication, barriers.Concept of mental health and mental illness, Principles of mental health nursing.Concept of preventive mental health services during childhood, adolescent, adulthood and old age, Role of nurse in national mental health services.Disorders of thought, motor activity, perception, mood, speech, memory, concentration and judgement.Forensic psychiatry and legal aspects.History and trend of psychiatric nursing, National mental health programme.Management of patients with various mental disorders.Mental health assessment –history taking, MSE, Interview technique.National mental health programmesPersonality, types of personality related to psychiatric disorders.Psychiatric emergencies and crisis intervention- Patients with overactive, underactive and violent behaviour, suicide, adverse drug reactions, withdrawal symptoms, a/c psychosis.Psycho pathophysiology of human behaviour, classification of mental disorderSubstance use,child and adolescent psychiatric disorder- sleep, eating and sexual disorders.Therapeutic nurse patient relationship-components, phases, significance
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING > FIRST AID
Sec 6
Burns and scalds,poisoning-ingestion,inhalation,bites and stings.Community resources-Police,Ambulance services,Voluntary agencies – local,state,national and international.First aid in emergencies – asphyxia,drowning,shock,wounds and bleeeding,Injuries to the bones,joints and muscles,fractures,sprains,strains,hanging,falls.Foreign body in eye,ear,nose and throat.Importance and principles of first aid,Procedures and techniques in first aid,Transportation of the injured,CPRVarious community emergencies and community resources – fire, explosions,floods, earthquakes, Role of nurse in disaster management,Rehabilitation.
NUTRITION
Sec 7
Classification of foods,Normal dietary requirement,balanced diet,diseases and disorders caused by the imbalance of nutrients.food intolerance- inborn errors of metabolism.Nutritional programmes and problems in India.Special diet- low sodium,fat free,iron rich,low protein,high protein,high caloric,geriatric diet,diabetic diet,bland diet.high fibre,liquid diet,semi-solid and soft diet.Therapeutic diet- Diet modifications in relation to the medical and surgical conditions.Various methods of food preparation,preservation and storage.
PSYCHOLOGY
Sec 8
Concept and development of personality, assessment of personality, characteristics of various age groups, will and character.Concept, scope and significance of psychology for nurses.Habits – meaning and formation, breaking of bad habits, importance of good habit formation for the nurse.Learning – nature, types, laws of learning, factors affecting learning, memory and forgetting.Mental mechanisms – uses and importance. Attitudes- meaning, development, changes in attitude, effects of attitude on behaviour, importance of positive attitude for nurse.Nature and measurement of intelligence, mental ability, nature of intelligence and development. Individual difference in intelligence.Observation and Perception – Attention, perception, laws of perception, factors affecting attention and perception, errors in perception.Psychology of human behaviour, concept of mental health – Basic human needs, dynamics of behaviour, motivation of drives. body mind relationship, mental health.Structure of mind – conscious, preconscious ,id, ego and super ego.Thinking and Reasoning – nature and types of thinking, reasoning, problem solving, importance of creative thinking for nurse.
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Sec 9
Concept and function of health team, Role of nursing personnel at various levels.Concept of health and disease, Primary health care, Promotion and maintenance of health.Family health services, family health goals, purposes and principles of home visits, bag technique, referral system.Health assessment of infant, preschool, school going, adolescent, adult, antenatal, postnatal women and elderly.Health information system, health agencies-International and national.Health system in India, health care delivery system, health planning in India.Management of minor ailments.National health and family welfare programmes, major health problems in India.Philosoph, goals, objectives, principles, concept and importance of community health nursing, qualities and functions of community health nurse, steps of nursing process.Principles and uses of epidemiology, levels of prevention f disease, disease transmission, immunization, control of infectious disease.Records and reports, types and its uses, preparation and maintenance.Specialized community health services and nurses role.
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
Sec 10
Concept of child health care, trends and emerging challenges for paediatric nurse.Fluid electrolyte imbalance, burns.Growth and developmentHealth problems of children, accidents, obesity, Juvenile delinquency.Management of children with communicable diseases. child abuseManagement of handicapped children, mental retardation, dyslexia, vision and hearing impairment.Management of patients with various disorders of Renal system, Respiratory system, GI system, CVS system, haematological system, neurological system, and endocrine system.Medical and nursing management of children with behavioural disordersNursing management of patients with congenital disordersPre and post operative care of children undergoing surgery.Preventive paediatrics and vital statisticsProblems of locomotion – osteomyelitis,poliomyelitis,kyphosis,lordosis,scoliosis,fractures.Protein energy malnutrition, bites, stings, pica, ticsRole of nurse in caring a sick child, Paediatric proceduresVarious child welfare services, ethical and legal aspects of paediatric nursing.
NURSING EDUCATION & INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
Sec 11
Concept of education, teaching learning process, methods of teachingData collection process –methods and instruments of data collection, data analysis-compilation, tabulation, classification, summarization ,presentation and interpretation of data using descriptive statisticsIntroduction to statistics–scales of measurement, frequency distribution, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, utilization of research in nursing practice.Significance of research in nursing, research process- Purposes, objectives and steps of research approach and design – types, methods, advantages and disadvantages
SOCIOLOGY
Sec 12
Concept, charecteristics and type of family, family cycle and basic needs of family ,functions of family, importance of interdependence of family members, important functions of family and their problems. and problems, types of marriage, medical and sociology aspects of marriage.Nature, scope and significance of sociology in nursingSocialisation process, influence of environment on individual development, rights and responsibilities of individual in society- socialisation process,effect of environment on human growth and development.
MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 13
Culture and characteristics of community – definition, rural and urban, cultural and characteristics.History of bacteriology and microbiology, types of microorganisms, normal flora of body, pathogenesis and common diseases, culture and isolation of microbes.Social agencies and remedial measures.Social change – factors affecting and effect on society and institution leading to social problems.Social control, social stratification, social problems – prostitution, crime divorce, dowry system, juvenile delinquency, drug addiction, alcoholism, handicapped, over population and slum.Society – definition, social groups-types, structures, intergroup relationship, group cycle, group behaviour and group morale.Sources and types of infection, factors affecting growth of microbes, cycle of transmission of infection, reaction of body to infection, mechanism of resistance and collection of specimen.
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
Sec 14
Environmental emergencies – heat stroke, snake bite, drowning, hanging.Epidemeology, etiology, classification, pathophysiology, staging ,clinical features, diagnosis, treatment modalities of oncological conditions.Fluid electrolyte imbalance, operation room technique, management of patient undergoing surgery – preoperative, Intraoperative and post operative.Management of patients with ear,nose and throat disorders. cardiovascular, circulatory and haematological disorders and communicable diseases.Management of patients with impaired respiratory function, GI disorders, metabolic and endocrinal disorders, renal and urinary disorders, neurological disorders and connective tissue and collagen disorders.Management of patients with ophthalmic conditions, Preventive and rehabilitative aspects, National programs on blindness, Ocular emergencies, Eye banking, eye irrigations, eye dressing and bandage, assisting for removal of foreign body.Management of patients with sexually transmitted diseases and musculoskeletal disorders.Medical, surgical and nursing management of patients with burns, breast disorders, integumentary disordersNursing management of elderly.Oncological emergencies, treatment modalities- immunotherapy, radiotherapy, surgical intervention, stem cell therapy, bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy and other forms of therapy.Pathophysiological mechanism of disease, altered immune response, autoimmune diseasesPlastic and reconstructive surgery, skin graft flaps, complications, preparation of patient for constructive surgery, postoperative care and health education.Poisoning- ingested, inhaled, food poisoning, injected poisons – stinging insects, snake bite, chemical burns,Prevention, screening, early detection, warning signs of cancer.Psychosocial aspects of cancer, rehabilitation, palliative care, drugs used in cancerRole of nurse in emergency and disaster nursing-natural and manmade, emergency preparedness, community resources.Role of nurse in medical and surgical emergencies – scope and practice of emergency nursing, principles of emergency care, triage, airway obstruction, hemorrhage, shock.Trauma- intraabdominal, crush injuries, multiple injures, fractures,
Medical
100 Marks
JUNIOR HEALTH INSPECTOR GRADE II
The Kerala Public Service Commission conducts the Junior Health Inspector Grade II exam for recruitment in the Health Services Department. This exam is typically conducted in OMR format.
90m
10s
#kerala-psc#health-inspector#health-services#medical#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
Anatomy and Physiology
Sec 1
Anatomy and Physiology
Behavioral Sciences- Sociology, Psychology and Mental Health
Sec 2
Behavioral Sciences- Sociology, Psychology and Mental Health
Communicable Diseases and National Health Programmes and National Health Policy
Sec 3
Communicable Diseases and National Health Programmes and National Health Policy
Communication and Health Education
Sec 4
Communication and Health Education
Environmental Sanitation and Public Health Problems
Sec 5
Environmental Sanitation and Public Health Problems
First Aid and Basic Medicine, Disaster Management and Rehabilitation, Disability Management
Sec 6
First Aid and Basic Medicine, Disaster Management and Rehabilitation, Disability Management
Fundamentals of Management, Public Health Act, Local Self Government and Project Preparation
Sec 7
Fundamentals of Management, Public Health Act, Local Self Government and Project Preparation
Non-Communicable Diseases, Biomedical Waste management, Palliative Care and Geriatric Health
Sec 8
Non-Communicable Diseases, Biomedical Waste management, Palliative Care and Geriatric Health
Nutrition, Hygiene, Basic Pharmacology and Basic Microbiology
Sec 9
Nutrition, Hygiene, Basic Pharmacology and Basic Microbiology
Public Health & Primary Health Care, Job Responsibilities, Records and Reports, Family Welfare, Health Statistics and Population Education
Sec 10
Public Health & Primary Health Care, Job Responsibilities, Records and Reports, Family Welfare, Health Statistics and Population Education
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Anatomy
The Kerala Public Service Commission conducts recruitment for the post of Assistant Professor in various subjects, including Anatomy, within Medical Education. The selection process involves an online written examination, followed by an interview and document verification.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#anatomy#medical-education#direct-recruitment
Syllabus Explorer
ABDOMEN & PELVIS
Sec 1
Abdominal aorta & its branches.Anterior abdominal wall- muscles, blood vessels and nerves.Bony pelvis, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae.Development & applied anatomy of portal vein- portocaval anastomosis.Development and descent of testis, gross & microscopic structure of testis, epididymis, spermatic cord-coverings and contents.Development of GIT- Rotation of midgut& its associated anomalies.Development of urogenital system and associated anomalies.Diaphragm-structure, major & minor openings, development & associated anomalies.Gross and microscopic anatomy of liver, pancreas, spleen & extra hepatic biliary apparatus.Incisions on anterior abdominal wall, Rectus sheath and contents.Inferior vena cava-tributaries & developments.Inguinal canal, protective mechanism & applied anatomy-inguinal hernia.Large intestine & appendix including microscopic anatomy & clinical anatomy.Lumbar plexus, autonomic nerve plexus of abdomen and pelvis.Nerves & vessels of male and female pelvis.Pelvic diaphragm & supports of uterusPeritoneum-reflections & applied anatomy.Prostate, kidney, urinary bladder & ureter, supra renal glands-gross & microscopic anatomy.Rectum & anal canal - with special emphasis to internal features and applied anatomy.Stomach, Duodenum & other parts of small intestine-gross & microscopic anatomy.Structures related to posterior abdominal wall.Uterus, ovary, fallopian tube-development, gross & microscopic anatomy.
LOWER LIMB
Sec 2
All joints of lower limb- movements & muscles acting on it, applied anatomy.Anatomy of posture & gait.Arches of foot and applied anatomy.Bones, fascia, venous & lymphatic drainage, cutaneous innervation of lower limb.Dermatomes of lower limb.Structures in all compartments of thigh and leg.Structures in all layers of sole of foot.Structures in the gluteal region, femoral triangle & popliteal fossa & applied anatomy.
UPPER LIMB
Sec 3
All joints of upper limb- movements & muscles acting on it, applied anatomy.Axilla – Boundaries & contents, blood vessels & nerves(brachial plexus), axillary lymph nodes & its clinical importance.Bones, fascia, venous & lymphatic drainage, cutaneous innervation of upper limb.Cubital fossa, palmar spaces & clinical importance.Dermatomes of upper limbMuscles, blood vessels & nerves of arm, forearm & hand..Pectoral & scapular regions-muscles, nerves, blood vessels & applied anatomy.
THORAX
Sec 4
Arch of Aorta, SVC, IVC, thoracic part of oesophagus, thoracic duct, azygos system of veins.Autonomic nerve plexus of thorax.Bones, joints, muscles of thoracic wall.Development of major blood vessels from aortic arches and their associated anomalies.Inter costal space and its contents.Lungs - external features, relations, tracheo bronchial tree, broncho pulmonary segments & clinical anatomy.Mediastinum, subdivisions & contents.Microscopic anatomy of lung and trachea.Pericardium, Heart- chambers, valves, blood supply & applied anatomy, development of heart and its anomalies.Pleura - layers, reflections, recesses &clinical anatomy.Radiology & surface marking of heart and lung.
GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY
Sec 5
Artificial reproductive techniques.Bilaminar&trilaminar germ discs, intra embryonic mesoderm, folding of embryo.Determination of age of live foetus.Embryonic & foetal periods of development, teratogenesis.Fertilization, implantation & its applied Anatomy.Oogenesis, Ovarian cycle & menstrual cycle.Placenta- development & anomalies, foetal membranes, umbilical cord.Prenatal diagnosis of foetal diseases & malformations, foetal therapies.SpermatogenesisTwinning & multiple pregnancy.
BRAIN
Sec 6
Ascending and descending tracts spinal cord and brain stem.Basal nuclei, optic pathway, thalamus, development of brain and functional column.Blood supply of brain and its clinical significance.Medulla, pons, midbrain & cerebellum- external and internal features and applied anatomy.Microscopic anatomy of cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord.Spinal cord-external & internal features, coverings and blood supply.Sulci, gyri and functional area of cerebrum.Ventricles of brain, subarachnoid cistern, production & circulation of CSF.White matter of cerebrum, classification with special emphasis to corpus callosum & internal capsule.
GENERAL ANATOMY
Sec 7
Bone: General features, components – cells and matrix, classification,nutrition, ossification & growth.Cartilage: General features,structure & different types, staining characteristics.Connective tissue: General features, classification, basic components – cells & fibres, different forms of connective tissue staining characteristics.Epithelium: General features, classification, Structure of various types of epithelium with functional correlation.Joints- General classification, structure of synovial joint, types of synovial joint & movements.Lymphatic tissue: Microscopic structure of lymph node, spleen, thymus & tonsil.Microscopic Anatomy including ultrastructure of basic tissues of human body.Modern concept of cell structure and its components, cell junctions, staining of cells.Muscular tissue: Structure of different types of muscular tissues with functional correlation.Nervous tissue: Structure of a neuron & its types, neuroganglia - structure, function & types, microscopic structure of peripheral nerve & optic nerve, sensory & autonomic ganglia.Skin & its appendagesVascular tissue: Structure of blood vessels with functional correlation.
HEAD & NECK
Sec 8
Bones& joints of skull, cervical vertebrae, cranial fossae and structures related.Cervical fascia-layers, interfacial spaces and applied anatomy.Cervical sympathetic ganglia & parasympathetic ganglia of head and neck.Cranial meninges and duralvenous sinuses.Cranial nerves - course, distribution and clinical anatomy.Development of pharyngeal arches & derivatives.Extraocular muscles & layers of eye ball (including M/C anatomy of cornea and retina).Eye lid & lacrimal apparatus.Face-muscles of facial expression, blood supply, nerve supply, dangerous area of face.Mouth, tongue, pharynx, larynx and ear (external, middle & internal ear).Muscle of mastication, tempero mandibular joint.Nasal cavity and para nasal air sinuses.Nerves and vasculature of orbit.Neuro vascular bundle of neck .Scalp-layers, nerve supply, blood supply and applied anatomy.Structures of infra temporal fossa.Sub occipital triangle-boundaries and contents.Thyroid and pituitary gland - gross anatomy, relations, development and microscopical anatomy.Triangles of neck-boundaries and contents.
GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Sec 9
Chromosomal Anomalies – Structural & numerical chromosomal aberrations with special emphasis to Klinefelter’s, Down’s & Turner’s syndromes.Gene polymorphism, mutation, mosaicism, chimerism.Genetic councelling&Genetic engineering.Molecular control of development, growth, differentiation of embryo.Pedegree and mode of inheritance of genetic disorders.Structure of a gene, DNA, RNA, chromosomes, karyotyping, Lyon hypothesis & sex chromatin.Symbols used for chromosomal nomenclature.
PERINEUM
Sec 10
Ischiorectal fossa- boundaries contents & applied anatomy.Perineal body, Pudendal canal & contents, Pudendal nerveSuperficial & deep perineal pouches-contents & applied anatomy.
Medical
100 Marks
Scientific Assistant (Pathology)
The Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant (Pathology) examination is conducted by the Kerala Public Service Commission for recruitment to the Medical Education Department.
100m
2s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#pathology#zoology#chemistry
Syllabus Explorer
CHEMISTRY
Sec 1
Applications of TG, DTA and DSC in the study of metal complexes, ceramics and polymers.Chemistry behind Piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, halochromic, chromogenic, electrochromic, thermochromic, magnetocaloric and thermoelectric materialsChemistry of Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Lithosphere.Evaluation of analytical data: Accuracy and precision. Standard deviation, variance and coefficient of variation. Student ‘t’ test, ‘Q’ test, and ‘F’ test. Confidence limits- Errors and their minimisation- Significant figures- Correlation analysis- Calculation of R by method of least squaresNanostructures - ID, 2D and 3D structures - Synthesis and applications of nanomaterials..Supramolecular chemistry - Molecular recognition : Synthetic Receptors, Cyclodextrin, Calixiranes, Cyclophanes, Crown Ethers- Drug design and Drug action.Theory and practice of : Quantitative and Qualitative analysis- Inorganic analysis- Organic analysis and preparations - physical chemistry experiments (Post graduate level)Theory of chromatographic techniques -Column, TLC, Paper, GC, HPLC and ion exchange chromatographic techniques. Solvent extraction. Extraction using supercritical liquid CO2, Craig’s technique of liquid-liquid extractionTwelve principles of green chemistry and issues in sustainable chemistry - Green synthesis - Application of Phase Transfer Catalysts -Green Reactions- Applications of Microwave and sonication in the synthesis of organic compounds.Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides including their extraction and applications as well as their coordination complexes and spectral behaviourStructure and bonding in molecules- Chemical periodicity- Chemistry of Hydrogen and s block elements- Chemistry of p block elements and d block elements- Extractive chemistry of various metals of commercial importance- Chemistry of Nontransition elements like GlassSynthesis, reactions, structure and bonding in Sulphur-Nitrogen compounds ; Sulphur-Phosphorus compounds ; Phosphorous-Nitrogen compounds ; Boron - Nitrogen compounds ; Boron hydrides; Organoboranes; Carboranes and metallocarboranes- STYX and WADE rulesTheories of acids and bases- HSAB concept- solvent effects, linear free energy relationship – mechanism and methods of determination, super acids - Reactions in Non-aqueous solvents- Protic and Aprotic solvents- Chemistry of Isopoly and Heteropoly acids ; Silicon-Oxygen compounds; Zeolites ; Xenon and Krypton compounds including their organic and coordination compoundsTheories of Coordination Chemistry in detail: Werner’s theory - Crystal field theory – Ligand field theory – Molecular orbital theory- Stereochemistry of coordination compounds- Jahn Teller distortion- Detailed study of Stability and reactions of metal complexes- Electron transfer, Substitution and Photochemical reactions and their kineticsConstruction of energy level diagrams. Correlation diagram. Method of descending symmetry. Term symbols; Correlation diagrams for dn and d10 ions in octahedral and tetrahedral fields ; Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams. Symmetry and Selection rules for electronic spectra , IR and Raman Theory of Electronic, IR, NMR, ESR and Mossbaur spectra of complexes. Different aspects of magnetic properties of complexes and their determination.Essential and trace metal elements in biological systems, . Role of Iron,Calcium, Copper, Lithium, Aluminium, Magnesium and other metals in biological systems structure and functions of biological membranes, mechanism of ion transport across membranes, sodium- potassium pump. - Role and effects : Coenzymes, Cytochromes, chlorophylls and hormones. Photosynthesis, porphyrin ring system, chlorophyll, PS I and PS II. Synthetic model for photosynthesis. Inorganic medicinal chemistry. Metals in medicine.Nomenclature, synthesis, structure, properties and bonding of organo-metallic compounds - metal carbonyls and cyanides – Complexes with linear π donor ligands: Olefins, acetylenes, dienes and allyl complexes. Complexes with cyclic π donors: Cyclopentadiene, benzene complexes. Structure andbonding offerroceneand dibenzenechromium complexes - Metal –Metal bonds and metal atom clusters. Tri , Tetra and hexa nuclear clusters, Isoelectronic and isolobal relationships, Low nuclearity and High nuclearity carbonyl clusters (LNCCs and HNCCs). Cubane Clusters, Chalcogenide Clusters, Chevrel Phases. Zintl Anions and Cations – Capping Rule Catalysis by organo metallic compounds and metal clusters- hydrogenation, hydroformylation and polymerization.Spectroscopic Methods in Inorganic Chemistry- Structural elucidation of coordination compounds containing the following molecules/ ions as ligands- NH3, H2O, CO, NO, OH– , SO2– , CN– , SCN– , NO – , NO – , CH3COO– and X– (X=halogen). changes in ligand vibration on coordination with metal ions.- CD and ORD spectra of metal complexes- NMR of metal nuclides with emphasis on 11B, 31P and 19F NMR.- ESR spectra: Application to Cu(II) complexes and inorganic free radicals such as PH4, F – and [BH ]–. Mossbauer Spectroscopy: Application of the technique to the studies of iron and tin complexesColour in inorganic solids. - Dielectric properties. Dielectric materials. Ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity and ionic conductivity. Applications of ferro, piezo and pyroelectrics.Electronic structure of solids. Different theories about conductors, insulators and semiconductors and their applications. Doping and band gap adjustments. AX, AX2, AmX2, ABX3, Spinels and Inverse spinel structures. Structure and theories of Liquids- Liquid crystals and their applications.Inorganic Advanced materials : Solid Electrolytes: Mixed oxides, cationic, anionic solid electrolytes, mixed ionic-electronic conductors- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), Rechargeable battery materials- Solid state chemistry of metal nitrides and fluorides, chalcogenides, intercalation chemistry and metal-rich phases.- Inorganic pigments, Inorganic phosphors- Molecular materials and fullerides, basic idea of molecular materials chemistry like One dimensional metals, Molecular magnets and Inorganic liquid crystals.Nuclear reactions - structure and stability- Magic numbers – Detailed study of different nuclear models- radio active equilibria and equations of radioactive decay and growth - Nuclear reactions: Direct nuclear reactions, heavy ion induced nuclear reactions, photonuclear reactions. Neutron captures cross section and critical size -Applications of nuclear reactions- fission and fusion; neutron activation analysis – counting techniques.Solid State Chemistry: Crystal symmetry- Point groups and space groups. Miller indices and Bravais Lattices- Close packed structures: BCC, FCC and HCP. Voids. Coordination number.Temperature dependence of conductivity, carrier density and carrier mobility in semiconductors - Superconductivity, Photoconductivity Photovoltaic effect.X-ray diffraction by crystals: Applications and calculations using Bragg’s equation and indexing methods. Different types of Crystal defects and consequencesBasic concepts of Organic reactions - Electron displacement effects –Aromaticity and antiaromaticity. Non aromatic, homoaromatic, hetero and non–benzenoid aromatic systems. Aromaticity of annulenes, mesoionic compounds, metallocenes, cyclic carbocations and carbanions.Mechanism and applications of common substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement reactions. Stereochemistry and factors affecting Aliphatic and Aromatic SN1 and SN2 reactions. SN1', SN2', SNi SNAr and benzyne mechanisms – NGP and Nonclassical carbocations- Generation and reactions of Nitrenes, Carbenes and free radicals like Triphenyl methyl, TEMPO, Dibenzoyl peroxide, NBS , Tributyl Tinhydride and AIBN. - Chlorination of alkane, addition of HX, SRN1 mechanism- Acyloin condensation, Alkyne coupling reactions- Reimer-Tiemann, Vilsmeier-Haack reactions. Mitsunobu reaction and Chichibabin reactions.Mechanism and regio and stereo aspects of E1, E2 and E1cb reactions in cyclic and acyclic systems. Hoffmann and Saytzeff elimination- Elimination Vs substitution- Mechanism and applications of Shapiro reaction, Peterson and Julia olefination, Wittig and Wittig - Horner reactions; Chugaev reaction and Cope eliminations- Sodium in liquid ammonia and Lindlars catalyst in conversion of alkynes to alkenesMechanism of Addition of H2O, X2, HX, and boranes to C=C systems- Cis and trans hydroxylation of cycloalkenes- Mechanism and applications of Michael addition and Robinson Annulation- Aldol condensation- Stork enamine, Cannizzaro, Perkin, Ritter, Stobbe, Knoevenagel, Darzen, Reformatsky and benzoin condensations- Grignard, Mannich, Thorpe reactions and Dieckmann condensationMolecular symmetry and chirality, axial chirality, planar chirality and helicity, relative configuration, stereochemical nomenclature, R and S, E and Z. Stereo chemistry of biphenyl and allenes - Topicity and prostereo isomerism -asymmetric synthesis. Axial stereochemistry: atropisomerism and its designation - biphenyls, allenes, spiranes- M and P configurations. Stereoselectivity: enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity & stereoconvergence. Stereospecific and stereoselective synthesis. stereotopicity & stereoprojections. Prochiral centre and prochiral faces- Pro R and Pro S, Re face and Si face, Importance of prochirality in biological systems. Geometrical isomerism . , Conformational analysis in acyclic and cyclic systems , Application of Cram’s rule, Felkin–Ahn modelNomenclature of organic compounds - Cyclic, fused polycyclic and bridged polycyclic hydrocarbons, bridged and fused hydrocarbon systems, Spirocyclic hydrocarbon systems, Heterocyclic systems containing Nitrogen and Oxygen.Linear Free Energy Relations, The Hammett equation and its applications. Significance of sigma (σ) and rho (ρ) reactions with negative and positive ρ, low and high ρ, abnormal Hammet plot, Taft equation. Hammet plot and applications- Primary, secondary, inverse kinetic isotope effects. Salt effects and special salt effects in SN reactionsMechanism with evidence of Wagner – Meerwein, Pinacol, Demjanov, Hofmann, Curtius, Schmidt, Lossen, Beckmann, Fries, Hofmann–Martius, Dienone–phenol, Benzilic acid, Benzidine, Favorskii, Stevens and Wolf rearrangement.Oxidation and Reduction reactions in organic synthesis- Reduction using boranes, hindered boranes and derivatives- NaBH4, and LiAlH4, DIBAL-H, tri-n-butyltin hydride, diimide, and aluminium alkoxide. Birch reduction, Clemmensen reduction and Wolff - Kishner reduction, Huang - Minlon modification, Rosenmund reduction - allylic and benzylic oxidation, Sharpless epoxidation, oxidation using SeO2, manganese (IV) oxide, lead tetraacetate, ozone, peracids, DDQ, silver carbonate and Cr(VI) reagents. Jones oxidation, Swern oxidation, Moffatt oxidation, Sommelet reaction. Applications of HIO4, OsO4 and mCPBARetrosynthetic analysis and disconnection approach in organic synthesis- Olefin metathesis- Grubbs’ catalysts. Umpolung concept-1,3-Dithiane, benzoin condensation. Heck, Negishi, Sonagashira, Kumada, Stille coupling and Suzuki couplingUse of various organic, inorganic and organometallic reagents in organic synthesis- Grignard reagents, Alkyl lithiums, Lithium Dialkylcuprates, Alkynyl copper reagents, Tebbe reagent etc. Use of various protecting groups in peptide synthesis. Phase transfer catalysis and its applications.Chemistry of Natural Products : Terpenes, steroids, alakaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, prostoglandins, hormones and enzymes.Classification of pericyclic reactions, FMO, Correlation diagram, Mobius and Huckel theory of electrocyclic and cyclo addition reactions- Stereo and region selectivity and industrial applications of Diels Alder reaction, 1,3–Dipolar cycloaddition and Sigmatropic rearrangementsCombinatorial organic synthesis, introduction, methodology, automation, solid supported and solution phase synthesis, study of targeted or focused libraries and small molecule libraries. Application of Drug design and development- various stepsFundamentals of polymerization - structure - property relationship of polymers and polynucleotides- Proteinsequencingby Edmans method.Photochemical processes. Singlet and triplet states and their reactivity, Jablonski diagram, Energy transfer, sensitization and quenching. Photoreactions of carbonyl compounds, enes, dienes and arenes. Patterno-Buchi and Barton reactions, Hofmann-Löffler- Freytag reaction, photo-Fries and Di-π methane, di- π methane rearrangements. Applications of photochemistry.Protein denaturation - Synthesis of stereo regular polymers. Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Polymers in organic synthesis - supports, reagents and catalysts. Biodegradable polymers biopolymersSpectrocopic methods in Organic chemistry- Applications of UV, IR, H1NMR, C13NMR and Mass Spectroscopy - 2D NMR techniques - NOE, DEPT, and 2D techniques such as COSY-HSQC, HMQC and HMBC. Spectral interpretation and structural elucidation. Solving of structural problems on the basis of numerical and spectrum based data. ORD and CD - theory and applicationsChemical equilibrium, Law of mass action, Transformation of the equilibrium expressions. Statistical derivation.Electronic Structure of Solids - Crystal Symmetry - Theories of Solids - Properties of Solids : Electrical, Magnetical and Optical - Crystal defects. Structure and Theories of Liquids- XRD of liquids- Theories and calculation of Surface tension and Viscosity - Liquid Crystals and their applicationsGaseous State- Maxwell’s distribution and equation- Transport phenomena- Chapman equation- Equations of state of real gases- vander Waals, Virial and other equations- Inter molecular forces and consequences.Laws of Thermodynamics - Entropy and its dependence on variables of a system- Equations of state- Euler’s relation, Gibbs and Helmholtz equations and energies. Maxwells relations- Gibbs Duhem equation- Partial Molar Quantities- Chemical potential- Fugacity- Activity coefficients. Thermodynamics of Solutions – Duhem Marghules equation- vant Hoff’s equations, isochore and isotherm. Thermodynamics of irreversible process – Fundamentals and advances in the study of Phase Equilibria - Two and Three Component SystemsStatistical thermodynamics - Molecular Partition Function - Quantum Statistics - Heat capacities of Solids and Gases- Relationship between partition functions and thermodynamic properties, Sackur-Tetrode equation. The principle of equi-partition of energyBasic principles of Kinetics - Kinetics of Complex reactions - steady state approximation -Theories of Reaction Rates - Arrhenius equation - fast reactions and methods of study. Reactions in solution: Factors affecting reaction rates in solutions, effect of dielectric constant and ionic strength, cage effect, Bronsted-Bjerrum equation - Kinetic effects: Primary and secondary kinetic salt effect, influence of solvent on reaction rates, significance of volume of activation, linear free energy relationship. Hammet equation and Taft equation.Catalysis: Mechanism and theories of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Bimolecular surface reactions. Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Enzyme catalysis.Electrochemistry and Ionics: Activity and activity coefficient of electrolytes, determination of activity coefficient.- Electrodes and Electrochemical Cells - Nernst, Debye-Huckel, Omsager Equations - Over potentials: Butler-Volmer equation. Tafel and Nernst equation, Tafel plot and its significance - Electrolytic Polarization- Fuel cells: H2-O2, zinc-air and solid oxide fuel cells- Theory and applications of electro Analytical Methods : Potentiometry, Polarography , Coulometry, Conductometry, Cyclic Voltametry, Stripping Voltametry and Amperometry- Colloids - Zeta Potential - Electrokinetic PhenomenaThe gas-solid interphase, types of adsorption. Monolayer and multilayer adsorption - Adsorption Isotherms Heat of adsorption and its determination .-Adsorption from solutions -Determination of surface area of solids-Harkins–Jura absolute method, point B method, Langmuir method and BET method- - Principles of LEED, SEM, TEM, ECSA, Photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopyApproximation Methods and Chemical Bonding - Hydrogen like Atoms -Multi Electron Systems - Angular Momentum – SCF and variation method - MO diagram of homo nuclear diatomic molecules Li2, Be2, B2, C2, O2 and F2 and hetero nuclear diatomic molecules LiH CO, NO and HF-Classical mechanics and its limitations –need of quantum mechanics, de Broglie relation and its experimental proof, uncertainty principle and its consequences- Formulation of Quantum Mechanics - Postulates of quantum mechanics- Application of Quantum mechanics to Exactly Solvable Model Problems- Translational motion- Quantum mechanical tunnelling- Vibrational motion- and Rotational motion –SHO, Rigid Rotor- Legendre polynomials and associated Legendre functionsComputational Chemistry - Computational methods : ab initio, Semi Empirical methods - Molecular MechanicsElectronic Spectroscopy of Atoms – Basic principles of Molecular spectroscopy: Microwave, Infrared, Raman, Electronic, NMR, ESR, Raman and MossbaurQuantum statistics- Bose-Einstein statistics, Thermodynamic probability- Maxwell Boltzmann, Bose Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics- Quantum theory of heat capacity - calculation of heat capacity of gases- Dulong and Petit’s law, Kopp’s law; limitations.- Einstein theory and Debye theory of heat capacitySymmetry elements and symmetry operation. Basic principles of Group Theory - Character Tables - . Point groups and their systematic identification.- Multiplication of operations - Setting up of character table of C2v, C3v and C2h groups –Applications to MO Theory, Chemical Bonding and SpectroscopyWave functions for multi electron systems, wave equation for multi electron systems, symmetric and anti- symmetric wave functions, Pauli’s anti-symmetry principle, and the postulate of spin- Spin orbitals. Spin- orbit coupling. Vector atom model-Term symbols, selection rules and exp anation of spectral lines of hydrogen atom- Applications- Chemical Bonding in Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules
Zoology
Sec 2
Bio-fertilizers and microbial inoculants, biotechnology of nitrogen fixation, biocontrol agents, bio-pesticides, bio-insecticides, Terminator gene technologyBiology and characterization of cultured cells, measurement of viability and cytotoxicity.Biotechnology in Healthcare: Disease prevention – DNA vaccines.Biotechnology in Industry and Agriculture: Metabolite production. Antibiotics, Organic acids, Amino acids, Vitamins, Upstream processing, downstream processing.Cell and Tissue culture: Basic techniques of mammalian cell culture, disaggregation of tissue and primary culture, maintenance of cell culture and cell separation.Contamination: Source of contamination, Type of microbial contamination, Monitoring, Eradication of contamination, Cross-Contamination.Cryopreservation - importance and process of cryopreservation, cryopreservation of embryos, Cryogenics.Disease diagnosis - Probes, Monoclonal antibodies, detection of genetic disorders.Disease treatment - Therapeutic proteins, hormones and growth factors. RNAi, Drug targeting, Gene therapy.Food industry- Single cell protein, probiotics.Forensic medicine. Biosensors-different types, applications - medical and non-medical. Biochips and their application.Gene knockout and knocking technology. Applications of transgenic animals.Growth media: Physicochemical properties, natural and artificial, Balanced salt solutions, Complete Media, Serum, Serum-Free Media and protein free media and their applications.Manipulation of cultured cell and tissues- scaling up of animal cell culture, cell synchronization, cell transformation, organ and histotypic culture.Microbial enzymes and bio-transformation- Microbial production of enzymes, fermentation, Enzyme engineering and applications.Somatic cell nuclear transfer- reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning.Stem cell culture : General and historical aspects, properties and types of stem cells, advantages and disadvantages, stem cell niche, application of stem cell technology in medicine.Tissue engineering: strategies and developments in tissue engineering, Biomaterials.Transfection Methods: CaPO4 precipitation, Short Gun, Electroporation, Lipofection, Microinjection, Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer.Transgenic plants- Plants with resistance to Pests, plants with increased shelf life.Animal Diversity: Lower Metazoans: Porifera, Cnidaria-Polymorphism, Ctenophora, Acoelomata, Placozoa, Mesozoa and Pseudo-coelomata, Echinoderms: ClassificationClass Mammalia: Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria. Phylogeny of Mammalian orders.Cytogenetic and molecular basis of origin of Man-African origin of modern man- Mitochondrial Eve, Y chromosomal AdamEvolution: The First Cell. Evolution of Prokaryotes- origin of eukaryotic cells- evolution of unicellular eukaryotes, genome evolution.Fossils- fossilization and its significance, Types of fossilization.Geological Timescale. Major events in evolutionary timescale. Anthropocene.Hemichordates: Position in the animal kingdom, Chordates: Cephalochordates and Urochordates.Mass extinction and its consequences.Population Genetics. Gene pool, gene frequency, Hardy-Weinberg Law.Rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration and random genetic drift. Founder effect.Reptiles- diversity, Birds and Mammals: diversity.Scientific names and common names of organisms under all phylums.Structural and Functional adaptations of fishes.Terrestrial Vertebrates: Tetrapod phylogeny - modern Amphibians, diversity, distribution, status and threats.Tools and techniques in estimating evolutionary time scale.Vertebrate Phylogeny-Agnatha, Ostraco derms and Gnathostomes Placoderms, Acanthodians, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes.A brief general account of electrophysiology of vision Photochemistry of vision and colour visionAlveolar ventilation, dead space and its effect on alveolar ventilation.Cardiovascular system: Structural organization of myogenic heart (in human beings).Cerebral cortex and its functional areas- Motor cortex, Broca’s area, cortex and its association area, gustatory cortex, visual cortex and its association area, auditory cortex and its association area, olfactory cortex, wernick’s area, Brodman map, cerebral dominance.Cortical white matter- commissures, association fibers, projection fibers, corpus callosum and fornix, basal nuclei, Brain stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon.Diseased states of brain - schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Senile dementia & Parkinson’s disease.Endocrinology: Invertebrate and vertebrate endocrine system. Endocrine glands. Synthesis, physiologic role, control and mechanisms of hormone action. Neuro-endocrine regulation of hormone action. Disorders of hormonal imbalance in Man.Energy balance and obesity- causes and consequences. BMR and its significance.Environmental Physiology: Thermoregulation. Comfort zone, normal body temperatures (oral, skin & core). Temperature regulating mechanism (hot & cold), role of hypothalamus, thyroid and adrenal glands.Exchange of gases- partial pressures involved-lung and tissues.Excretory System: Introduction: Brief description of different types of excretory organs in different animal groups (flame cells, green glands, malpighian tubules).Functional anatomy of mammalian kidney, nephron and juxtaglomerular apparatus- structure, parts and function.Functional brain systems - Limbic system and reticular formation.Lymphatic System. Lymph channels of the body. Composition and formation of lymph. Functions of lymph and lymphatic system including.Mechanism of absorption of monosaccarides, amino acids and lipids and vitamins.Mechanism of pulmonary ventilation (inspiration & expiration).Memory- types of memory- somatosensory, short term, intermediate long term and Long term memory, consolidation of memory.Movements of GI tract, deglutition, gastric motility and emptying, intestinal motility and defecation.Muscle physiology, Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac muscles, physiology of muscle contraction, muscle proteins, molecular mechanism of muscle contraction, muscle twitch, rigor mortis, summation.Nervous system: Organisation of human brain. Cerebrum and cerebral lobe.Neural and chemical regulation of heart function. Blood volume and blood pressure.Neural and chemical regulation of respiration: Respiratory centres & factors regulating respiration.Neuronal cell types and neural circuitry of the retina and visual pathways from retina to visual cortex Image formationNutrition: Constituents of normal diet and their daily requirements. Physiological calorie value of food stuffs. Antioxidant nutrients.Oxygen dissociation curve – factors affecting binding of oxygen to haemoglobin (PO2, PCO2, CO, pH, body temperature, diphosphoglyceric acid level, foetal haemoglobin and also myoglobin).Physiological anatomy and histology of respiratory passage and lungs.Physiological anatomy of cardiac muscle – specialized tissue. Cardiac cycle.Physiological anatomy of coronary blood flow, Ischemic heart disease.PNS and Autonomic nervous system. Spinal cord – structure.Protection of brain – Meninges, cerebrospinal fluid- formation and function, blood brain barrier and its function.Pulmonary volumes and capacities – definition & normal values (tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, functional residual capacity, inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, total lung capacity).Reflex action, reflex arc, monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes, inverse stretch reflex and Golgi tendon organ.Regulation of water balance -Mechanism of concentration of urine – Counter Current system.Renal clearance – definition, concept and significance; clearance value of urea, creatinine, phosphate, potassium, chloride and sodium.Renal regulation of acid- base balance & electrolyte balance.Reproductive physiology: Anatomy and histology of adult testis and ovary. Reproductive cycles of mammals and their hormonal control. Physiology of implantation, pregnancy, parturition, and lactation.Respiratory system: Introduction: Brief description of major respiratory organs (tracheal system, book lungs, gills and ctenidia).Role of surfactant in alveolar expansion.Smell: Olfactory membrane and receptor cells Physiology of olfactionSpecial senses Vision: Structure of eyeball Fluid systems of the eye Layers of Retina and photoreceptors (rods & cones)Structure of urinary bladder, micturition reflex and micturition.Tactile response: Mechanoreceptor, Pain receptors, Thermal receptors, Formation of image on the retina.Taste: Primary sensations of taste. Taste buds, Physiology of tasteThe role of hormones and neurotransmitters in the control of gastrointestinal Motility.Urine formation (glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion)Cellular effects of radiation: somatic and genetic.Interaction of radiation with matter – effect on nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes and carbohydrates.Microarrays-significance of proteomics and drug design, Systems Biology, metabolomics, gene network, synthetic biologyRadiation Biophysics: Ionizing radiation, units of radioactivity, exposure and dose.Radiation dosimetry, radioactive isotopes, auto radiography, Cerenkov radiation, liquid scintillation techniques, Flow cytometry and fluorescence.Basic concepts of development Cell fate, potency, determination and differentiation.Cleavage and blastula formation, Gastrulation in humans.Commitment, Specification- autonomous, conditional, syncytial.Differential gene transcription - exons and introns, promotors, silencers, enhancers, transcription factors, DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, dosage compensation, differential RNA processing; Control of gene expression: translational and post translational control of gene expression.Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development: Production of gametes- Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis, Ultrastructure of gametes, Cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals (sea urchin and mammals)Genomic equivalence and cytoplasmic determinants, Morphogenetic gradients, Genomic Imprinting, The stem cell concept- Progenitor cells, Adult stem cells, Mesenchymal stem cells, Multipotent adult stem cells, Pluripotent Embryonic stem cells, Induction, Competence, Determination and Differentiation, Morphogenetic gradients, Cell fate and cell lineages.Genomic equivalence and Cytoplasmic determinants.Infertility-Test tube babies (In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer). Cloning experiments- (Mammals and Human).Surface receptors and signal transduction pathway - RTK pathway, Smad pathway, Wnt pathway, Hedgehog pathway and cell death pathway.Teratogenesis, Malformations and disruptions, Gene – phene relationship, Autophene, Allophene and Pleiotrophy; Teratogenic agents (Retinoic acid, pathogens, alcohol, drugs and chemicals, heavy metals).Transcription factors induced in the organizer. Neural induction, Regional specificity of induction, Genetic specificity of induction (Paracrine factors - Hedgehog family, Wnt family, TGF, BMP).Zygote formation-Encounter of sperm and egg, Capacitation, Acrosome reaction, Activation of ovum, Amphimixis, Prevention of PolyspermyBlood group systems - ABO, Rh and MN blood groups, Bombay Blood Group, other types, human karyotype and syndromes caused by its aberrations, genetic counselling, pedigree analysis.Karyotype, pedigree analysis, Chromosome anomalies: autosomal and sex chromosomal disorders.Lod score for linkage testing, genetic analysis of complex traits - complex pattern of inheritance, quantitative traits, threshold traits; human genome and mapping.Activation, maturation and differentiation of B-Cells and T-Cells. Immune effector mechanism. Cytokines.Antigen-Antibody Interactions Strength of antigen – antibody interactions. (a) Antibody affinity (b) Antibody avidity. Cross- reactivity. Precipitation reactions.Antigen-processing and presentation- Exogenous and Endogenous pathways. Presentation of non- peptide antigens.Antigenic determinants of immunoglobulin - (a) Isotype (b) Allotype (c) Idiotype. B-cell receptor (BCR).Antigens Immunogenicity, Antigenicity. Factors that influence immunogenicity. Adjuvants. Haptens. Epitopes. Properties of B-cell and T- cell epitopes.B- Lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and Antigen presenting cells.Biological consequences of complement activation. Complement deficiencies.Bone marrow transplantation, Transplantation antigens. General immune suppressive therapy.Complement activation (a) Classical pathway (b) Alternate pathway (c) Lectin pathway. Regulation of complement system.Cytokine antagonists. Cytokine secretion by TH1 and TH2- cells. Cytokine related diseases. (a) Bacterial septic- shock (b) chaga’s disease) (c) lymphoid and myeloid cancers. Therapeutic uses of cytokines.Hematopoiesis – Lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Hematopoietic growth factors. Genes that regulate hematopoiesis. Regulation of hematopoiesis.Humoral immunity. Cellular immunity. T- Cell receptor, TCR- CD3 complex.Hypersensitivity Reactions. Allergens IgE- mediated (type- I) hypersensitivity. Antibody-mediated cytotoxic (type- II) hypersensitivity. Immune complex- mediated (type- III) hypersensitivity. TDTH- mediated (type- IV) hypersensitivityImmunoglobulins (Antibodies) Structure and function of Antibody molecules. Generation of Antibody diversity. Immunoglobulin gene.Immunological basis of graft rejection. Role of cell- mediated responses.Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) General organization and inheritance of MHC. MHC molecules and genes. Cellular distribution of MHC.Monoclonal Antibodies. Production of Monoclonal Antibodies (Hybridoma technology). Clinical uses of Monoclonal Antibodies. Antibody Engineering.Toll- like receptors. The Complement system. The functions of complement components.Transplantation immunology: Auto graft, Allograft, Isograft and xenograftVaccines.: Active and passive immunization. Whole organism vaccines. Recombinant vector vaccines. DNA vaccines. Synthetic peptide vaccines. Multivalent vaccines.Recent Development In Zoology
Medical
100 Marks
Pharmacist Grade II (Homoeo)
Recruitment by the Kerala Public Service Commission for the post of Pharmacist Grade-II (Homoeo) in the Homoeopathy Department of Kerala Government Service.
75m
14s
#kerala-psc#pharmacist#homoeopathy#medical#pharmacy-syllabus
Syllabus Explorer
Potentisation/Dynamization/Attenuation
Sec 1
50-millesimal potency (its preparation and advantages)Definition of potentisation given by Dr. Hahnemann and Stuart CloseFluxion potency / jumping potency (conversion of 6X trituration into liquid potencies)History of the development of homoeopathic attenuationKorsakoff’s dry contact potency, Jenichen’s high potency, Lehrmann’s high potency, Fink’s high potency (named as fluxion method of potentisation by Skinner)Precautions during trituration and succussionProcedures of potentisation (trituration and succussion)—role of each procedure—advantages and disadvantages of bothScales of potentisation (decimal, centesimal, 50-millesimal)—persons who introduces these scales--symbols used to denote them—ratio in each scaleStraight potency of Dr. Burt (conversion of 6X trituration into 7X liquid potency)
First aid
Sec 2
CPR—mouth to mouth respiration—other artificial respiration techniquesDefinition—principles—objectives—qualities and responsibilities of First aiderDefinition—causes—signs and symptoms—first aid—treatment—drowning—strangulationTypes of burns—effects—signs and symptoms—first aid—treatment—electric shock—chemical burns—lightning injuriesCauses—signs and symptoms—first aidTypes of dressing—rules of dressing—types of bandages—rules of bandagingSunstroke—frost biteDefinition—classification—signs and symptoms—first aid—treatment—fractures of clavicle, humerus, femurClassification—causes—signs and symptoms—first aid management—specific management—complicationRouts of poisoning—signs and symptoms of poisoning in general—first aid—treatment—universal antidote—types of poisons (acid, alkali, datura, metal poisons, cyanide poison, Organo phosphorus compounds)—insect bite—snake bite—dog bite—scorpion biteDefinition—classification—signs and symptoms—first aid management—treatmentVarious methods of sterilization—sterilization of hospital instrumentsHow to note, evaluate and significance of recordingDefinition—classification—signs and symptoms—first aid—wound dressing
Sources of Homoeopathic drugs
Sec 3
Animal kingdom (whole fresh or dry animals or their parts/secretions with examples)Imponderabilia (meaning of the term—peculiarity of this source—natural and artificial types with examples)Mineral kingdom agents as sources (metals, non-metals, metalloids, organic and inorganic compounds, organic and inorganic acids, mineral water with examples)Nosodes (meaning of the term—examples with source of human nosodes, nosodes of animal origin, plant nosodes—preparation of different types of nosodes)Sarcodes (meaning of the term—examples with source)Synthetic sources (their actual role in the treatment—meaning of tautopathic mode of approach)Vegetable kingdom (whole fresh or dry plants or plant parts with examples)
Standardisation of drugs
Sec 4
Biological evaluation (in vitro and in vivo techniques)Different methods of evaluation (organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical, biological)GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices)—requisites of GMPNecessity of drug standardisation (in order to maintain quality and uniformity)Official samplingPhysical evaluation techniques (TLC, HPLC, polarimeter, electrophoresis, capillary analysis, determination of moisture content, determination of specific gravity)
Physiology
Sec 5
Composition of blood—functions of blood—types of blood cells—RBC (normal values, properties, functions)—WBC (normal values, properties, functions)—Hb (normal value and function)—ESR (normal values, its importance)—PCV (normal value)—platelets (normal values, functions)—clotting factors (names only)—functions of plasma proteins—blood groups and Rh factorConducting system of heart—cardiac cycle—normal ECG—normal heart sounds—blood pressure (definition, procedure of measuring, normal values, hypotension, hypertension)—definitions of pulse, apex beat, cardiac output, stroke volume—bradycardia—tachycardiaDigestion and absorption—functions of saliva—functions of liver—functions of pancreas—functions of stomach—functions of small intestine and large intestine—constipation and diarrhoeaNames of hormones and their functions of Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid, adrenal gland, pancreas—important clinical conditions related to these hormonesLymph and its functions—functions of spleenMajor functions of cerebral cortex, cerebellum and spinal cordFunctions of cellMenstrual cycleNormal respiratory rate—respiratory movements—pulmonary function test—regulation of respiration—basal metabolic rate—artificial respirationFunctions of skin—regulation of normal body temperatureFunctions and abnormal conditionsFunctions of kidney—micturition—composition of urine—GFR
Elements of Homoeopathic Philosophy
Sec 6
Cardinal principles of homoeopathyCauses of diseases (fundamental, exciting and maintaining causes. Causa occassionalis)Classification of diseases (Hahnemannian classification)Diet and regimen in acute and chronic diseasesDiscovery of HomoeopathySources of information regarding the pathogenetic property of drug substances—homoeopathic drug proving—drug proving unit--selection of prover—dose and mode of administration of drugs for proving—single blind and double blind mode of approach--recording of the signs and symptoms during proving in Day book—multi centred drug proving—thoroughly proved/completely proved drug-- collection of symptoms and formulation of materia medica—disadvantage of proving in animals—disadvantages of proving in persons having diseases—certain advantages of proving in animals—diet and regimen and other precautions during drug provingMeaning of the concept of miasms---types of miasms according to Hahnemannian teachingOral—olfactory and inhalation—external application—injections—reasons for not using injections in homoeopathyRules of repetition of doses in homoeopathy—as long as the previous dose of medicine is acting, do not repeatDefinition of posology—definition of dose—types of doses (minimum, maximum, lethal/fatal, booster, fractional/divided, physiological)—difference in the concept of dose in homoeopathy and other systemsPrimary action, secondary action (counter action, curative action), alternating actionSymptomatology (complete, subjective, objective, characteristic and common symptoms)Therapeutic law of nature (how homoeopathic cure takes place; why medicines are stronger than diseases)Totality of symptoms (Hahnemannian definition)—outwardly reflected picture of internal essence of the disease / affections of the vital force—importance of the totality of symptoms (to select the homoeopathic remedy from among the probable medicines to effect cureVital force / vital principle and its role in health, disease and cure
Anatomy
Sec 7
Heart (external features, chambers)—aorta (branches only)Digestive tract (parts)—external features of stomach, liver, pancreasClassification of joints with examples—various types of movements of jointsSpleen (external features only)Classification—names of chief muscles of human body and their location (Deltoid, Biceps, Triceps, Glutei muscles, Hamstring muscles, Calf muscles, Pectoralis major and minor, Trapezius, Rectus abdominis)Neuron—gross anatomy of cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord—names of the ventricles of brain—CSF—names and functions of cranial nervesGeneral Anatomical terms—sub division of Anatomy—parts of the body—cell structure—basic tissuesUterus (external features and subdivisions)—ovary (external features)—fallopian tube (parts)—testis in detailNose—pharynx (parts)—larynx (name of the cartilage and cavity)—trachea—lungs (external features only)—broncho pulmonary segmentClassification of bones—bones of appendicular skeleton—classification of the bones of axial skeletonDifferent layers of skinParts of tongue, nose, eye, earKidney (external features and structure)—location and parts of ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
vehicles used in homoeopathy
Sec 8
Classification of vehicles (solid, liquid, semisolid)Liquid vehicles (Purified water, ethyl alcohol, glycerine, fatty oils, sugar syrup)—their sources, method of preparation, properties, preservation, uses—different types of ethyl alcohol—impurities present in ethyl alcohol and their determination—advantages and disadvantages of water and ethyl alcohol as vehicleProperties of an ideal vehicleSemisolid vehicles (Vaseline/petroleum jelly/soft paraffin, spermaceti, wax, lanolin, prepared lard, isinglass)—their sources, preparation, usesSolid vehicles (sugar of milk, globules, tablets, cones)—their source, preparation, preservation, uses—purification of sugar of milk—common impurities present in sac lac and their determination--measurement of globules—peculiarity of cones compared to other solid vehicles—medication of solid vehicles
Prescription writing and abbreviations
Sec 9
Commonly used abbreviations and their meaningsParts of a prescription (superscription, inscription, subscription, signatura)
Hygiene and Prevention of Diseases
Sec 10
Causative organisms/factors and common symptoms of, chicken pox, measles, German measles, mumps, influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, meningitis, poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, ascariasis, hookworm infestation, dengue fever, malaria, filariasis, leprosy, tetanus, rabies, sexually transmitted diseases, Aids, amoebiasis, plague, covid/corona virus infection, leptospirosis, EbolaDefinition—levels of health care—significance of primary health care—elements of PHC—principles of PHCDefinition—types of disinfectantsVentilation—discomfort due to its lack—air pollutionDifferent types of housingTypes of mosquitoes—mosquito control measures—house fly—rodents—rodent control measures—fly control measuresExcreta disposal—various types of latrinesDefinition—methods of treatment and sewage disposalSafe water—sources of water—impurities in water—water pollution—purification of water—chlorination in detail—disinfection of wellDefinition—spacing methods—terminal methods—IUCDs—hormonal pills—abortion—MTPMajor causative organisms—how to identify the conditionDefinition, concepts and dimensions of health—positive health—community healthNosocomial infection—principles of infection control—standared precaution—hospital waste managementDefinition—types of immunity—immunization—hazards of immunization--vaccines--immunization agents—national immunization schedule—cold chain—measures of controlling infectious diseasesDefinition—types of mental diseasesFood (types and function)—macro and micro nutrients—carbohydrate—fat—protein—vitamines—minerals—water—balanced diet—food hygiene (of milk, meat, vegetables, fish)—malnutrition—protein energy malnutrition (types)—nutritional anaemiaComposition of ORS and the significance of its useDefinition of hygiene—care of different parts of body—hygiene during pregnancy—menstrual hygieneInfectious disease epidemiology—epidemiological triad, disease cycle, spectrum of disease, levels of prevention, dynamics of disease transmission
Legislation related to Pharmacy
Sec 11
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1937 and Dangerous Drugs Rules of 1955Different Acts and Rules related to different aspects of drug manufacturing, sale, labelling and packing, fixing prices, procurement and storage, levy and taxationDrugs and Cosmetic Act of 1940 and Drugs and Cosmetic Rule of 1945Drugs and Magic Remedies Act of 1954 and Drugs and Magic Remedies Rule of 1955Drugs Price Control Order of 1970 and 1971Medicinal and Toilet preparation Act of 1955Pharmacy Act of 1948Poisons Act of 1919
Pharmacy and Pharmacopoeia
Sec 12
Definition of homoeopathic pharmacopoeia—two types of pharmacopoeia—pharmacopoeia of different countries—HPI (first homoeopathic pharmacopoeia committee of India, ten volumes with the years of publication and number of drugs/monographs in each)Definition of homoeopathic pharmacy—its divisions
Mother tincture preparation
Sec 13
Differences between old method and new methodNew method of mother tincture preparation (maceration and percolation)—differences between the twoOld method / Hahnemannian method of mother tincture preparation (Class-I to Class-IX) with examples
External applicants
Sec 14
CeratesFomentationsLiniment/embrocationsMedicated oilsMedicated plasterOintmentOpodeldocsPoultices/cataplasmsRole of external applicants in homoeopathy (not in real skin diseases/dermatological conditions, but in different types of injuries where the causation is not with the vital force)
Medical
100 Marks
LABORATORY TECHNICIAN GRADE II
The Kerala Public Service Commission (Kerala PSC) conducts the Laboratory Technician Grade II exam to recruit eligible candidates for various posts, especially in the Medical Education Department, Health Services, Homoeopathy, and Indian System of Medicine.
90m
3s
#kerala-psc#laboratory-technician#medical-lab-technology#health-services#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
PART III : BIOCHEMISTRY
Sec 1
Calibration of pipettes and other volumetric apparatus.Composition of glass, Varieties, Grades of glassware, Cleaning of glassware.Body buffer system, Respiratory and renal disturbances in acid base balance, Anion gap, Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, Fluid and electrolyte balance, Osmolality, Methodology of measuring Blood pH, PCO2 and PO2.Buffer solution, Henderson Hasselbach equationpH indicators.Physical chemistry- Osmosis, Dialysis, Donnan Membrane Equilibrium, Viscosity, Surface tension, Properties of colloids, Emulsion,, Adsorption, Partition coefficient,Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids.Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic acids.Hemoglobin-Function, Synthesis and degradation of heme, Hemoglobin derivatives, hemoglobin Variants, Jaundice, Congenital disorders of heme metabolism.Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Minerals. Common Inborn errors and disorders of metabolism.Nutrition-Nutritional importance and calorific values of food.Porphyria, Disorders of porphyrin metabolism, Laboratory diagnosis of porphyriasisVitamins and coenzymes of vitamins, Estimation of vitamins.Clinical Enzymology-Enzyme Activity Determination, End point and Kinetic Assay. Principle and methods for the activity determination of Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase, Amylase, Lipase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Creatinine Kinase, Glucose 6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase, 5′ Nucleotidase, Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase, Choline esterase.Enzymes-Classification, Co-enzymes, Co factor, Mechanism of enzyme action, Enzyme kinetics, MM constant, Enzyme inhibition, Regulatory enzymes.Isoenzymes and its diagnostic importance in cases of MI, Liver disease, Muscular disease.General properties and functions of hormones. Mechanism of hormone action, Hypothalamic hormones, Pituitary hormones, Hormones of Pancreas, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal cortex, Adrenal medulla and Gonad. Different methods of estimation of hormones and hormone metabolites.Cloning, Genomic library.Molecular Biology Techniques-Recombinant DNA Technology, Blotting techniques, PCR, FISH.Molecular Biology- DNA replication and repair mechanism. Transcription and Genetic code, Translation, Post translational modification, Protein folding and protein targeting.Clearance test- creatinine, urea and inulin.CSF and other body fluids- Composition and chemical analysis of CSF, Synovial fluid, Peritoneal, Pericardial and Amniotic fluid.Estimation of VMA, 17 ketosteroid, 5HIAA, Oestriol from urine.Urinary screening test for metabolic inherited disorders.Urine - Composition of normal urine, Abnormal constituents -Qualitative and Quantitative tests.Stomach tubes, Fractional test meal, Chemical examination for bile pigments, blood, starch and gastric juice. Estimation of free and total acid from gastric juice. Tubeless gastric function test.Analysis of calculi- Urinary and Biliary Calculi.Different methods for electrophoresis, Advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Electrophoresis of serum protein, hemoglobin and lipoproteins and its interpretation.Laboratory hazards and safety, Universal safety precautions. First aid in the laboratory.Chromatography- Different forms of chromatographic technique, Applications, advantages and disadvantages of these methods.Urine Aminogram and chromatographic separations of amino acids, sugar, lipids, drugs and toxins.Immunological methods and related techniques-Various antigen antibody reactions, Immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA, Fluorescent Immunoassay and Radioimmunoassay.Infection, Immunity, Antigens, antibodies, Immunoglobulins, Complement system, Structure and functions of Immune systems, Immune response, Immune deficiency diseases, Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity, Immunology of Transplantation and malignancies.Liver function test, Kidney function test, Gastro intestinal function test, Malabsorption studies, Pancreatic function tests, Thyroid function tests, Gonadal function tests, Foeto placental function tests, Lipid profile, Cardiac Markers, Tumor markers, GTT, GCT, Glycated hemoglobin.General methods of analysis and screening tests for common drugs used in therapy.Organization and management of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory.Automation- Semi auto analyzer and Auto analyzers-Different types, Advantages and Recent trends.Laboratory Informatics.Quality Control- Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, Specificity, Standard deviation, Preanalytical variables and analytical variables. QC charts, QC sera, Internal and External Quality Control Programme.Grades of chemicals, Secondary standard chemicals, Storage of chemicals.Preparation and storage of distilled water, Deionized water, pyrogen free distilled water. Evaluation of water purity.Units of measurement -SI units and Non SI units.Dilution of solution, Interconversion of concentration- Normal, Molar, Molal and Percentage solutions.Preparation of normal, molar and percentage solutions.Collection, Preparation, Transportation, Processing and Disposal of biological specimens in a Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory.Preparation and use of anticoagulants.Urine preservation.Laboratory Instruments - Principle, Use and Maintenance of Colorimeter, Spectrophotometer, Fluorimeter, Nephelometer, Flame photometer, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Luminometers, Centrifuges, Magnetic stirrer, Vortex mixer, pH meter.Radioisotopes, Basic principles of radioactivity, Detection and Measurement of Radioactivity,Application of Radioactivity.
PART II : MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 2
Module 1 General MicrobiologyGuidelines on laboratory procedures- reception, recording and handling of specimens, cultures and laboratory wastesHistory and scope of microbiology, laboratory safety and personal protectionMicroscopes- Compound Microscope, Darkfield, Phase contrast, Fluorescent & Electron Microscopy.Sterilization and disinfection- different methods and their applications, biomedical waste managementModule 2 BacteriologyAntimicrobial susceptibility testing- antimicrobials in common use, preparation and storage of antimicrobial discs for susceptibility testing, different methods of testing, use of antimicrobials in the identification of bacteria.Clinical bacteriology- sample collection, containers, collection of different types of specimens, transportation, storage, use of transport media and preservatives in transportationMethods of study of bacteria- scheme of identification, study of medically important bacteria- role in infection, important diseases, laboratory diagnosis, microbial flora in health and diseases.Morphology of bacteria, growth requirements, culture media, pH adjustment, sterilization and storage of media, culture methodsProcessing of specimens- microscopy, culture, biochemical identification, serological identification, pathogenicity tests and antibiotic susceptibility tests.Serological tests and rapid techniques for the diagnosis of bacterial infections.Staining- simple, differential, special- principle, methods and applicationModule 3 ParasitologyClinical parasitology- collection of specimens, transportation and storageMorphology and classification- Protozoa, helminths, common and important diseases caused by them, details of morphology, life cycle and laboratory diagnosis.Processing of specimens- blood smear- thin and thick for protozoan parasites, microfilaria, stool examination for parasitic ova, larvae, their identification, concentration methods, staining techniques.Serological diagnosis and other rapid tests for diagnosis.Module 4 MycologyClinical mycology- collection of specimens and transportationcommon fungal diseases- cutaneous, sub-cutaneous/mucous, systemic and opportunisticIntroduction- classification of fungi, dimorphic fungi, common contaminant fungi- morphology, culture characteristics and identification of fungiProcessing of specimens- microscopy, culture media and techniquesModule 5 VirologyClinical virology- collection, transportation and storage of specimens, special care in handling specimens.Introduction to virology- structure, classification-DNA viruses, RNA viruses, morphology, cultivation and identification of viruses, medically important viral diseases.Processing of specimens- staining, fluorescent antibody techniques, viral isolation methods and identification of viruses, viral inclusion bodies in diagnosis.Serological techniques in diagnosis of viral infections
PART I : PATHOLOGY
Sec 3
Module 1 HematologyBlood coagulation and homeostasis, disorders of coagulation, coagulation tests, factor analysisComposition of blood, anticoagulants, blood cell count, Hematopoiesis, blood cell, morphology - normal and abnormal, functions of blood, thin and thick smear, staining of blood films, different stains used, demonstration of blood cells, bone marrow smear, sickle cell preparation, LE cell preparation, leukemia, demonstration of blood parasites.Hemoglobin - Functions, normal and abnormal hemoglobin, estimation methods, anemia.PCV, ESR, blood cell indices, osmotic fragilityModule 2 Clinical pathology - Basic techniquesUrine analysis - Physical, chemical, microscopy, examination of faeces, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, other body fluids, semen analysis.Module 3 HistotechnologyBrief introduction to histology, design of a histology laboratory, reception and recording of specimens, basic knowledge about the various types of tissues and characteristics that influence their processing.Fixatives – Purpose, ideal fixatives, common and important fixatives, removal of formalin pigment and deposits from sections, decalcification method, preparation of reagents used.Frozen sections – Freezing microtomes – Principles, use, preparation of frozen sections and staining, advantage of frozen sections, cryostat.Microtome Principle and maintenance of different types of microtomes, microtome knives and types, sharpening of knives and their care.Preparation of paraffin sections - Tissue processing, different steps, embedding, principles and uses of vacuum and paraffin embedding, treatment of blocks before cutting, automatic tissue processors, recognition and correction of faults occurring in blocks and sections, storage of blocks, defects of processing and rectification of defects.Staining and mounting – Principles of staining, common and special stains- preparation and procedure, Immunohistochemistry - basic principles, methods, storage of sections.Module 4 CytologyFine needle aspiration cytology, concentration techniques in cytology- centrifugation, cyto-centrifugation, membrane filters, cell blocksImportant applications of cytology, collection of specimens -gynaecological and non-gynaecological, preparation of smears, fixation, Papanicolaou staining method, Shorr's stain, other stains used in cytology, preparation of stains, buccal smear- Barr body demonstration.Liquid based cytology-monolayer preparationModule 5 CytogeneticsKaryotyping-methods of chromosome analysis with blood and bone marrow, banding techniques, general aspects of chromosomes, chromosome defects, advanced methods in cytogenetics.Module 6 Blood bankingABO and Rh blood group system, other blood group systems ABO grouping and Rh typing technique, direct and indirect Coomb's test, compatibility testing.Donor selection, Screening of donors, collection and storage of blood, anticoagulants used in blood transfusion, preservation and storge of blood, preparation of blood components and their storageTheoretical aspects of blood grouping and blood banking, nature of blood cell antigens, mode of inheritance, general characteristics, antigen- antibody concept.Transfusion reactions, transmission of diseases through blood transfusion, apheresis, plasma pheresis, automation and recent developments in blood bank.
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Ophthalmology
The Assistant Professor in Ophthalmology post is for the Medical Education Department and is recruited by the Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC).
120m
10s
#kerala-psc#medical#ophthalmology#assistant-professor#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
Motility Disorders/ Strabismus
Sec 1
Anatomy & Physiology of Motor mechanismComitant StrabismusIncomitant Strabismus
Preventive Ophthalmology
Sec 2
Causes & Prevention of blindnessEye banking and Eye donationEye CampsGenetic Ophthalmology
Disease of Adnexa
Sec 3
Disease of OrbitDisease of the Lacrimal apparatusDisease of the lids
Disease of the Eye
Sec 4
Disease of the ConjunctivaDisease of the CorneaDisease of the GlaucomaDisease of the Intraocular TumorsDisease of the LensDisease of the Optic NerveDisease of the RetinaDisease of the ScleraDisease of the Uveal tractDisease of the VitreousInjuries to eye
Systemic Ophthalmology
Sec 5
Diseases of nervous system with Ocular manifestationsEffects of systemic drugs on eyeOcular manifestations of Systemic Disease
Optics & Refraction
Sec 6
Elementary Optics & PhysiologyRefractionRefractive error of eye
Anatomy & Physiology of eye
Sec 7
Embryology, Anatomy & Physiology of eyeNeurology of visionPhysiology of vision
Ocular Examination Techniques & Ocular Therapeutics
Sec 8
Examination of Anterior SegmentExamination of Posterior Segment & OrbitOcular MicrobiologyOcular therapeuticsVisual function assessment & Ocular Symptoms
Surgical Instruments in Ophthalmology
Sec 9
Instruments in OphthalmologyLasers in OphthalmologyLocal Anesthesia in Ophthalmology
Operative Ophthalmology
Sec 10
Surgeries of Eyelids & Lacrimal apparatusSurgical procedures for CataractSurgical procedures for GlaucomaVitreoretinal surgeries
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Insurance Medical Officer ||| Assistant Surgeon ||| Casualty Medical Officer
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) recruits Assistant Surgeons/Casualty Medical Officers for the Health Services Department. This post is open to MBBS graduates aspiring to work in the Kerala Government Service.
90m
11s
#kerala-psc#medical#mbbs#health-services#doctor
Syllabus Explorer
MODULE-3 SURGERY
Sec 1
Acute abdomen- aetiology – Clinical features, Investigations and managementAcute pancreatitisBranchial cystCarcinoma breast – Clinical features – evaluation and managementCarcinoma oral cavity Aetiology / clinical features and managementCompartment syndromeDiabetic foot – Grading and managementExtra dural haemorrhage (EDH)Flail chestGangrene - Dry / WetGlasgow comma scale (GCS)Hydatid cystLipomaNon healing ulcer – causes and evaluationPseudo cyst of pancreasSDH(Subdural haemorrhage)Stages of TB lymphadenitisTriagevaricose vein - Clinical features – Investigations - Complications and management
MODULE -9 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sec 2
Acute conjunctivitis / Chronic conjunctivitisCataract diagnosis and managementCorneal ulcerFundus - Papilledema / changes in Hypertension and diabetesGlaucomaMyopia / Amblyopia / Hypermetropia / Astigmatism / PresbyopiaNational programme for control of blindness / eye donationOcular toxicity of drugsOcular tumours - RetinoblastomaOptic atrophy / Optic neuritis / EnucleationPhotocoagulation / LasersPterygiumRetinal diseases – Detachment / Central retinal artery occlusion / Central vein occlusionScleritis / Episcleritis / Iridocyclitis / Uveitis / Coloboma irisSquint / ptosis / Chalazion / Retinitis pigmentosaTrachoma
MODULE - 7 ORTHOPAEDICS
Sec 3
ArthroscopyBone tumours – Osteochondroma / Osteosarcoma/ Ewing's sarcoma , ChondrosarcomaBunionColle's fracture / supracondylar fracture of humerus / Monteggia fracture/ Galeazzi's fractureComplications of fracture : General principles and managementCTEVGas gangreneHallux valgusHip replacement / knee replacementOsteogenesis imperfectPaget's diseasePerthe's diseasePhantom limbRay amputationScoliosisTB spine
MODULE-6 ANAESTHESIA / CRITICAL CARE / FORENSIC / PMR
Sec 4
BCLS (Basic life support) / ACLS / Pre anaesthetic check-up / GABioterrorism - Common causes and approachBiological fluids : Blood preservation / despatchBirth/ death/ Drunkenness/ potency / sexual assault / PocsoConsent: Types / informed consentConsumer protection ActContrecoup injuriesCourt procedure : summons / WarrantDeath : Sex identification / Superimposition / DNAInjuries - Simple/ grievousInquest proceduresIntimationMedical negligencePrinciples of laboratory testPugilistic attitudeRigor mortisSeminal and salivary stains preservationState Medical Council / National Medical Council /Function / Disciplinary controlTypes of fitness : Medical certificate and medicolegal aspectPain managementConcept of impairment and disabilityDisability evaluation – principles - people with Disability Act 1995Principles of occupational therapyPrinciples of physical therapy – various modalitiesPrinciples of prosthetics and rehabilitation
MODULE-4 COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Sec 5
Correlation / Chi-squareHypothesis tests – ‘Z’ test / ‘T' test / AnovaMultivariate methods – Regression / Factor analysis / Artificial intelligenceCharacteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multifactorial etiology of diseaseIntroduction to various health indicatorsMortality and morbidity assessment – Maternal mortality / Perinatal mortality and infant mortalityUnderstanding the concept of prevention and control of diseaseUnderstanding the natural history of disease and application of interventions at various levels of preventions.aa. Immunisation - National scheduleab. Adult immunisationAwareness of standards of housing and its effect of housing on healthBasic epidemiologyConcepts of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposalConcepts of water conservation, rain water harvesting and global warmingDevelopment and health interfaceDisabilityDisaster managementEpidemiology of specific diseases : Communicable and non communicableGeneticsHealth care of elderlyHealth care system in IndiaHealth care waste managementHealth hazards of air, water, noise, radiation pollutionHealth planning, management and administrationIdentifying the features of vectors and their control measures.International healthLegislation and public healthLife cycles of vectors and advantages and limitations of various vector control measures.Mental health and behavioural problemsMode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticidesNutrition – Vitamins and minerals – deficiencies – B12 deficiency Pellagra - Vit A / Scurvy (Vit C) and other vitamin deficienciesPhysical, chemical, and bacteriological standards of drinking water quality and tests of assessing bacteriological quality of waterRadiation prevention and control - Health promotion and education / Comunication for behavioural change (Information, education, communication)Role of vectors in the causation of diseasesUrban waste managementWater: Concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of waterborne diseases, water purification process, water quality standards.National programme. NHM/ RBSK/ RCH Program/ School health / NPCDS (National programme Cardiovascular disease, stroke, Diabetes and cancer)National programmesRabies - Dog bite - Classification – managementDoctor patient relationshipImpact of urbanization on health and diseaseSocio cultural factors related to health and disease
MODULE-11 PSYCHIATRY
Sec 6
Bipolar disorder / Depression / SchizophreniaClassification of psychiatric disorderLegal aspectsMental health and behavioural problems in childrenSleep disordersSubstance abuse / De-addiction treatment / Counselling
MODULE-I GENERAL MEDICINE
Sec 7
Snake / Insect/ Scorpion/ Honey bee / WaspApproach to vertigoCerebral venous thrombosisDementia / DeliriumDemyelination - Guillain Barre syndromeMigraine / Cluster headacheParkinsonismPeripheral neuropathySeizure disorderSpinal cord diseases - Compressive and non-compressive myelopathyStroke - Thrombotic haemorrhageTumours - Pituitary / Meningioma / Glioma/ Acoustic SchwannomaAnticoagulationArrhythmia - Tachy / Brady arrhythmiasCongenital heart disease – Cyanotic/acyanoticCoronary artery disease – Risk factors / Clinical features/ managementDVT / Pulmonary embolism - Diagnosis and managementHeart failure – ManagementHypertension : Primary / secondary / evaluation and management / guidelinesInfective endocarditis – Diagnosis and managementPericardial effusionRheumatic fever – Clinical features – Diagnosis – Management and ProphylaxisCushing's Syndrome / Conn's syndrome / PheochromocytomaDiabetes mellitus – Type 1 / Type IIHypogonadism - InfertilityMetabolic bone diseases - Osteoporosis / RicketsMetabolic syndromeParathyroidSpecific types – Eg. MODY / Chronic calcific pancreatitisThyroid - Hypothyroidism and HyperthyroidismHyokalemia / HyperkalemiaHypomagnesemiaHyponatremia / HypernatremiaMetabolic acidosis / AlkalosisHemophilia / Spinal muscular atrophy (SNA)Age related common problems in elderlyDrug therapy in elderlyAcid peptic disease / inflammatory bowel disease – Ulcerative colitis / Crohn's diseaseApproach to anaemiaApproach to jaundiceAcute leukemia / Chronic leukemia/ Myeloma / Lymphoma/ Aplastic anaemia/ Polycythemia/ ITP / TTP/ HUS/ DIC (Disseminated Intravascular coagulation )Haemolytic anaemia - Sickle cell disease / Thalassemia / Hereditary Spherocytosis / G6PD deficiency - PNH (Paroxismal nocturnal hemoglobinuria )Hanging / Near drowning / electric shock - managementAngioedema / AnaphylaxisAcute diarrhoeal disease (ADD) / Bacillary dysenteryDiphtheria / Tetanus / Herpes Zoster / Brucella / Dengue / Leptospirosis/ Scrub typhus / Typhoid fever. Evaluation and ManagementExanthematous fever / Eg.\chickenpoxFungal infection. Candidiasis / mucormycosis.Kala Azar / Nipha / Zika / West nile/ Japan B encephalitis / H1N1/ Covid 19. Clinical features and managementMalaria / FilariaMeningitis – Viral / bacterial / TBM/ fungal.PUO definitions – common causes – investigations and management guidelinesSTDS - HIV. Control programme . Clinical features and management.Tuberculosis – Diagnosis – Pulmonary & Extra pulmonary – investigations and treatment - MDR TB – XDR TB, NTEP guidelinesViral hepatitis - Types / clinical features / Management - National control programmeChronic liver disease – Cirrhosis / Hepatocelular carcinomaOrgan phosphorous / Drug over dosage/ Odollum / Kerosene/ Copper sulphate / Acid / Other common poisoning.Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) / Nephrotic syndromeAcute renal failure / Chronic renal failureDialysis / Renal transplantationBronchial asthma / COPD / ILD / Pleural disease / Occupational lung disease / Carcinoma lung/ Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)GoutRheumatoid arthritis / SLE/ Spondyloarthropathy / Scleroderma / Polymyositis/ Dermatomyositis/ Sjogren's syndrome / Behcet's syndrome
MODULE-10 DERMATOLOGY
Sec 8
Chronic dermatitisDermatological manifestations of internal malignancyInfections of the skinLeprosy - Types – Investigation and management / Control programmeSteven Johnson's syndrome / Erythema multiformeVitiligo / Leucoplakia / Lichen planus / Psoriasis / Pemphigus
MODULE-5 PAEDIATRICS
Sec 9
Cerebral palsy / Febrile seizuresMicrocephaly/ HydrocephalusPrecautious pubertyShort stature / Inter sex / Ambiguous genitaliaCommon chromosomal disorders – Down's syndrome / Turner's syndromeCongenital malformationsInborn errors of metabolismCongenital hyperbilirubinemiaHelminthic infectionsNeonatal jaundiceNeonatal resuscitationPoliomyelitis / Acute bronchiolitis / Croup syndromesRespiratory distress in new bornSepsis in new bornJuvenile Rheumatoid ArthritisKawasaki diseaseKwashiorkor marasmusLow birth weight
MODULE-8 ENT
Sec 10
Acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) / CSOMDeafness – Classification / causes / early detection in children/ treatment and rehabilitation / National control programmeDNS / Nasal polypEpistaxis – Approach and general managementHoarseness of voice - Approach and managementMeniere's diseaseRhinitis - allergic / atopic rhinitisSinusitis - Acute / ChronicStridorTonsillitis / Quinsy / Ludwig's anginaWax / Otomychosis /Foreign body / Malignant otitis externa
MODULE – 2 OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 11
Amenorrhea – definition / Classification / Investigation and managementCancers screening : Cervical biopsy/ pap smear / tumour markersD & CDUB / Post-menopausal bleeding - evaluationEndoscopy – Laparoscopy / HysteroscopyInfertility : Types / investigations / Assisted reproductive methodsMalignancy of genital organs – uterus / cervix / ovaryPelvic inflammatory diseasesSTD (Sexual transmitted diseases)Antenatal care ObjectivesAbortion – types / Aetiopathology / managementAetiology and management of Ante partum haemorrhage (APH)Anaemia / edema / Nutrition / drugs in pregnancyBad obstetric history (BOH) – assessmentBreech - Assisted deliveryCaesarean section - IndicationContraception - various methodsDelivery : Stages of labourEctopic pregnancy – Diagnosis – Clinical features managementFetal distressHyperemesis gravidarumInduction of labourIntra uterine death (IUD)IUGR (Intra uterine growth retardationv.i. Pregnancy induced hypertension – Pre-eclampsia and eclampsiav.ii. Heart disease complicating pregnancyv.iii. Diabetes in pregnancy ((Gestational diabetes (GDM)/ Type I and II Diabetes)v.iv. Management of thyroid disordersv.v. Management of SLE and other vasculitis disorders / APLAv.vi. HIV and pregnancyMTP act (Medical Termination of Pregnancy)Multiple pregnancyNormal labour / MonitoringObstructed labourPremature rupture of membranePrevention of PPH (Post-partum haemorrhage) and managementTrophoblastic disease – Hydatidiform mole – Diagnosis and managementUSGVacuum - extractionPregnancy - Diagnosis
Medical
100 Marks
Professor in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
The post of Professor in Obstetrics and Gynaecology is for Government Homoeopathic Medical Colleges, and the recruitment is conducted by the Kerala Public Service Commission.
120m
2s
#kerala-psc#medical#homoeopathy#obstetrics#gynaecology
Syllabus Explorer
OBSTETRICS
Sec 1
Abnormal PuerperiumAmniotic fluidAnatomical and Physiological changes in female genital tract during pregnancy.Anatomy of fetus, fetal growth & development, fetal physiology & circulationAntenatal CareAntepartum & intrapartum fetal monitoring.Antepartum HaemorrhageComplications of 2nd & 3rd stage of labourCPD & its managementDevelopment of placenta and membranes & placental functionsDiagnosis and differential diagnosis of pregnancyEarly pregnancy complicationsEmergency Obstetric Care (Intensive Obstetrics)Fetal growth disordersFetal MedicineFetal skull and Maternal pelvisGametogenesis fertilization, implantation and early development of embryoGynaecological disorders in pregnancy.Hypertensive disorders in pregnancyImaging in Obstetrics.Immunology of pregnancyInduction and augmentation of labourInfections in pregnancy.Labour DystociaMalpresentation & malpositionMedical disorders in pregnancyMultiple pregnancyNewbornNormal labour & managementObstetric AnalgesiaObstetric operationsPharmacology of drugs used during pregnancy, Labour, Post-partum period.Pre-conceptional CarePreterm labour &PPROMPROM, Poly-Hydramnios, Oligo-HydramniosPuerperium – NormalRecent Advances in Obstetrics.Safe Motherhood, Epidemiology of Obstetrics, and evidence based care in Obstetrics, SDG, MDG, RCH Care, near miss mortality auditing Maternal mortality, perinatal mortality.Special cases- Rh Negative, BOH, Obesity, post-dated pregnancy, Grand-Multigravida, Elderly primi, Previous CS
GYNAECOLOGY
Sec 2
Anatomy of female pelvic organs.Benign & Premalignant lesions of vulva, vagina, cervix & endometriumBenign and malignant disease of the breastBenign disease of ovaryCancer CervixCancer EndometriumCancer vulva & vaginaCarcinoma Ovary & Fallopian tubeColposcopy & vaginal and cervical cytologyContraception / Family Planning / Sterilization methodsDevelopment of female genital organs and congenital malformationsDisorders of Sex developmentEndocrine abnormalities, Menstrual abnormalities Amenorrhoea, PCODEndocrinology related to reproductionEndometrial Hyperplasia, DUB, Abnormal bleeding.Endometriosis, AdenomyosisFibroid uterusGenital Fistulae / Urinary IncontinenceGestational Trophoblastic diseasesGynaecological evaluation.Hirsutism, Hyperprolactinemia, Thyroid disorders.Hormone therapies in gynaecologyImaging in GynaecologyInfertility.Laparoscopy & Hysteroscopy.Lower genital tract infectionsMenopausePaediatric and Adolescent GynaecologyPelvic infections & Tuberculosis of the female genital tractPelvic organ ProlapsePhysiology of menstruation, ovulation & menopause.Recent Advances in Gynaecology
Medical
100 Marks
Professor (Surgery)
This examination is for the recruitment of Professor in Surgery for Government Homoeopathic Medical Colleges, conducted by the Kerala Public Service Commission.
120m
7s
#kerala-psc#medical#surgery#homoeopathy#professor
Syllabus Explorer
WOUND HEALING
Sec 1
Acute compartment syndromeContracturesDegloving injuriesNecrotising fasciitisTypes of wound healing
Trauma
Sec 2
Airway assessment and managementFASTPneumothorax and managementTechnique of CPCRTRIAGE
Breast
Sec 3
Benign breast diseasesBreast self examinationDiagnosis, assessment and management of early, locally advanced and advanced carcinoma breastScreening mammogramSurgical options for operable breast cancer
SHOCK, HAEMORRHAGE, BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Sec 4
Blood productsClassification of HaemorrhageClassification of shockComplications of blood transfusionDefinition of shockIndication for blood transfusionResuscitation of Haemorrhagic shock
Tumours of salivary gland
Sec 5
ClassificationComplications of ParotidectomyDiagnosis of salivary gland neoplasmManagement of facial nerve palsyTypes of surgical procedures for parotidectomy
Thyroid swelling
Sec 6
Classification of thyroid malignanciesComplications of thyroidectomyDefine goitre and classify types of goitresIndications for surgery and preoperative assessment of thyroid swellingPostoperative follow up of a differentiated thyroid malignancy
Surgical infections
Sec 7
Paronychia and managementSurgical site infection classificationTreatment of abcess
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Transfusion Medicine
The Assistant Professor in Transfusion Medicine (Blood Bank) - Medical Education position is recruited by the Kerala Public Service Commission for the Medical Education Department. Candidates are typically required to hold a Medical Post Graduate Degree such as MD/MS or DNB in the relevant discipline, along with teaching experience.
120m
11s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#transfusion-medicine#blood-bank#assistant-professor
Syllabus Explorer
Quality Assurance
Sec 1
AccreditationCompare and contrast the various means of performing blood utilization reviews.comprehensive transfusion laboratory safety policy and program.Development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) manualDocumentation in blood centreelements of current good manufacturing practices as they apply to the collection, processing, and storage of all blood components /productsExplain the logistics required in determining appropriate blood inventory for a geographic region and the process of meeting daily, weekly and monthly collection goals.Good manufacturing practice (GMP)Hospital transfusion committeeinstrumentation and computerization in a transfusion laboratoryISO certificationLevels of documnentationMedical auditprinciples of specimen collection (e.g., phlebotomy technique, safety, and specimen tubes) and specimen processing.External quality assurance (EQA)Internal quality assurance (IQA)quality assurance, quality management, and process improvement principles in laboratory operation and planning.Blood & ComponentsReagentsTesting proceduresrisk management in the transfusion laboratoryServicing and calibration of equipment – log book for equipmentsources of preanalytical variation and the role of biological variability in laboratory assessment.Total quality management in transfusion service including premises, personnel, instruments / reagents, biosafety and external /internal quality control.training, certification, licensing, and competency assessment standards for transfusion laboratory professionals, including medical laboratory technicians.Turnaround timeVarious regulatory and accrediting agencies.
Indian Blood Transfusion Services
Sec 2
Accreditation of blood banksBio statistics and Health Economics.Development of forms, labels, records etc.Interactions between regional blood centres and hospital based blood services.Inventory management.Medical audits - Blood audits.Organization and function of hospital transfusion services, including issues of appropriateness of transfusion and informed consent.Organization and functions of blood centre, including quality management programmeOrganization of Blood Donor services Donor motivation and promoting voluntary blood donation.Planning and development of Transfusion Services.Records and Statistics.
Adverse effects of blood transfusion
Sec 3
Allergic and Anaphylactic reactionsClinical presentation of transfusion reactionsDefinition and classification of transfusion reactionsEtiopathogenesis of transfusion reactionsExtravascular reactions(anamnestic/delayed)Hemolytic transfusion reactionIntravascular reactions (immediate)Investigation for transfusion reactionsleucocyte alloimmunizationManagement of transfusion reactionsNon-hemolytic / febrile transfusion reactionsNon-immunological reactions (etiology, pathogenesis,investigation, clinical outcome,prevention and management)Platelet alloimmunizationPrevention of transfusion reactionsTransfusion associated Graft vs Host reactionsTransfusion Related Acute Lung Injury(TRALI)
Fundamentals of Immunohematology
Sec 4
Antigen systems of formed elements of blood (Red cell antigens, Leucocyte antigens, Platelet antigens)Appropriate management in the care of patients with neutropeniaBiochemical properties and characteristics of blood group antigens and antibodies.Clinical and laboratory features of immune neutropenia.Clinical and pathological consequences of antibodies to red cellsDifferentiate between immune and nonimmune neutropeniaGeneral principles & clinical utility of platelet function testingImportance of complement activation and antibody mediated red cell destructionManagement of thrombocytopenia, including the role of transfusion therapyNaturally occurring and immune antibodies against red cell antigens.Neutrophil production and kinetics: neutropenia & neutrophiliaOutline of mechanisms of red cell destructionPathophysiology and classification of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosisPathophysiology and laboratory features of intravascular and extravascular hemolysisPlatelet immunology & alloimmunizationPlatelet production and kineticsRed blood cell metabolismRed blood cell production and kineticsRole of drugs in the induction of immune and Nonimmune neutropenia.Role of granulocyte transfusionTechniques for detection of antibodies / complements on red cell membrane and their interpretation.Transfusion related immunomodulation
Blood Group serology/Pretransfusion testing
Sec 5
Applied serology.Apply immunologic principles of blood cell compatibility to clinical situationsABO grouping & Rh typingBlood component identification requirementPatient identification requirementsPatient's request form for blood and or componentsPatient's specimen and labeling requirementsRed cell antibody screeningBlood group reagents, Polyclonal and Monoclonal.Blood group substances.Blood groups and disease associations.Clinically significant antigen systems and associated phenotypesCorrelate the results of laboratory tests with vivo reactions.Expression of these antigen systems on red cells and other cells in bloodFunction of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal and disease statesFunction of neutrophil defense against bacterial infectionIdentify the clinical situations associated with formation of antibodies to blood cell antigens.ISBT classification of Blood groups.Pathophysiology and clinical features of disorders caused by abnormalities of cell function or numberRole of the platelet in hemostasisScientific principle for compatibility testingSerological techniques for blood group antigens and antibodies.Compatibility testing in special circumstancesCriteria for selection of an appropriate donor unitEmergency and elective techniques.Newer methods of cross matchingTube / Micro techniques for cross matchingTyping and Screening.
Apheresis
Sec 6
ASFA classification for therapeutic apheresisBasic principles of apheresis technologyCell separators – types and principleDonor Hemapheresis (platelets, red cell, granulocytes,plasma)Evaluating and treating adverse reactions associated with therapeutic apheresis.Evaluation and preparation of patients for therapeutic apheresis, including discussion with the patient of the risks and benefits associated with apheresis procedures.Indications for therapeutic apheresis and of the appropriate replacement fluids to be used in various situations.Indications, risk and benefits of apheresis proceduresSpecialized methods for therapeutic apheresis(e.g.,photopheresis and immunoadsorption columns).Technology of apheresis (Manual or Automated)
Clinical Transfusion Service
Sec 7
Algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of drug induced immune haemolytic anaemia.Characterize haemolytic anaemiaClassification of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia according to immunologic and clinical criteria.Clinical and laboratory features of warm- reactive AIHAConstruct a plan to diagnose and treat neutropenia.Describe the appropriate management o ITP, including the role of transfusion therapy.Describe the appropriate therapy for patients with warm- reactive AIHADescribe the appropriate treatment for patients with drug- induced haemolytic anaemia.Describe the appropriate treatment of or response to cold-reactive autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA).Describe the differential diagnosis of drug- induced immune haemolytic anaemia.Describe the pathogenesis of cold-reactive AIHADescribe the pathogenesis of warm reactive AIHADescribe the process or recognizing and diagnosing cold-reactive AIHADifferentiate between haemolytic and non haemolytic anemia.Differentiate between immune and non immune thrombocytopenia.Differentiate between immune and nonimmune haemolytic anemia.Distinguish drug-induced thrombocytopenia form ITPIdentify and distinguish between different mechanisms of drug- induced immune injury.Identify and distinguish between different types of cold-reactive AIHAIdentify factors to be considered when transfusion therapy is necessary.Identify the different syndromes produced by cold-reactive AIHAOutline the clinical and laboratory features of cold-reactive AIHAOutline the pathophsiology and clinical features of idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP, also known as autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, ATP).Propose a plan to diagnose and treat warm reactive autoimmune haemolytic anaemia(AIHA).Assessment of blood demand for open heart surgeriesAutologous transfusion in cardiac and vascular surgeryBlood and blood component support in cardiac surgeryImportance of cold agglutinins in cardiac surgeryLaboratory tests to evaluate bleeding after CPB.Treatment of symptomatic coagulation abnormalities develop following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Coagulation and metabolic abnormalities in massive transfusionConstruct appropriate orders for compatibility testing in massive transfusion.Define massive transfusion and conditions requiring massive transfusionDescribe fluid losses associated with burns.Describe operative and non operative mechanisms of fluid and protein loss in burn patients.Evaluate the risks and benefits of blood salvage techniques during massive transfusion.Identify the correct use of ‘type- specific' bloodIdentify the correct use of O-negative or O-positive blood in patients with unknown ABO type.Rationale for use of various components in massive transfusion.Risks and benefits of blood salvage techniques during massive transfusion.Bed side filtration for leucocyteFlow rate of blood transfusion and durationIdentification of units with patient before transfusionMajor indications for blood components and derivatives.Materials to be collected and send for investigation of transfusion reactionsMonitoring of transfusionOn-line warmersProper Handling of blood and component units for transfusionSelection of I.V. set for various componentsSteps to be taken if patient exhibits adverse reactionsCauses of inappropriate blood usage and blood wastage.Construct appropriate preoperative orders for blood.Correlate for clinical symptoms and measurements of blood loss to determine if transfusion is needed.Criteria for evaluating haemostatic safety during anesthesia and surgical interventionDefine the desirable cross match: transfusion ratio.Describe the methods of predicting estimated blood lossDescribe the treatment for hypovolemiaDescribe the use of the maximum surgical blood order schedule in preparing preoperative blood orders.Evaluate preoperative transfusion needs.Identify appropriate orders for blood and blood components for elective surgical procedure, including the use of type and screenImportance of cold chain maintenanceAppropriate use of blood components in the treatment of neoplastic diseaseChoose the appropriate blood support in the treatment of anemia.Anemia of chronic diseases – liver disease, uremia,Aplastic anemiaHaemolytic anemia including fragmentation syndromeIron deficiency anemiaMegaloblastic anemiaThyroid diseasesCoagulation concentrates for inherited bleeding disordersCoagulation factor concentrates and pharmacologic therapies for acquired bleeding disordersCoagulopathy of liver diseaseConventional coagulation tests and viscoelastic coagulation testsdescribe the clinical indications and contraindications for red cell transfusion.Describe the special transfusion problems in patients with haemolytic anaemia.Disseminated Intravascular CoagulationEvaluation of Bleeding disordersHematologic problems in patients with specific forms of neoplasia.Hemophilia A, B, CIdentify the special transfusion problems in patients with chronic hypoproliferative anemia.Importance of bleeding historyInternational Normalized Ratio derivation and its clinical significanceOther clotting factor deficienciesOther hemoglobinopathiesSickle cell anaemiaThalassemiaPatho-physiology, diagnosis, clinical features,investigation, managementPathophysiology of vitamin K deficiencyPlatelet refractoriness in patients with hematological malignancyQualitative and Quantitative disorders of platelets and their managementRBC membrane disordersTransfusion support for patient with neoplastic disease.Transfusion support in hemostatic and coagulation disordersVon willebrands diseaseCross matching and detection of HLA antibodiesHLA Biochemistry , tissue distribution, function, nomenclature and geneticsHLA testing and transplantation (Stem cell transplant and solid organ transplant)Identification of clinical situations in which the mixed lymphocyte test is used for donor selectionOther clinically significant aspects of HLA (HLA associated diseases)Other non HLA Histocompatibility determinantsPrinciples of the mixed lymphocyte culture testThe HLA system and transfusion (Platelet refractoriness, FNHTR, TRALI etc.)Various HLA typing platformsAntenatal work up of HDFN (e.g. maternal history, maternal antibody titre, maternal and paternal phenotypes, and amniocentesis).Blood group systems associated with HDFNCalculation of volume of blood required for intrauterine transfusionCompare compatibility testing for neonatal and paediatric/adults transfusion.Compare the procedure used to select blood for neonate and adult patients.Define the indications, including the rationale, for each form of therapy for HDN (early delivery, plasmapheresis of mother, intrauterine transfusion, phototherapy and exchange transfusion).Describe the appropriate compatibility tests for the neonate.Describe the clinical effects of haemolytic disease in the foetus and new born.Describe the pathophysiology of haemolytic disease of the new born (HDN)Describe the role of Rh immunoprophylaxis (antepartum and postpartum) in the prevention of HDNDescribe the selection of blood groups and volume of blood components for exchange transfusionDosage, timing and route of administration of Rh immunoprophylaxisIdentify situations in which the neonate is at risk for graft- versus host disease(GVHD)Identify situations in which the neonate is at risk for postransfusion cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.Identify the appropriate blood samples for neonatal testingList the possible complications of exchange transfusionMethods of estimation of fetomaternal hemorrhageOutline the diagnosis and management of HDNPathophysiology, diagnosis and management of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and neutropeniapost transfusion risk that may be specific to the neonatal patient.Describe the use of blood components in end-stage renal disease.Describe the use of blood components in renal transplantation.Illustrate the use and limitations of blood component therapy in renal disease.Adverse effects associated with transfusion of immune compromised recipientsBone marrow transplantation – Processing, HarvestingDonor lymphocyte transfusionEffect of pre-transplant transfusion on graft survival in renal and bone marrow transplantation.Graft vs Host reactionImmunohematological problems in ABO mismatched BMTIrradiation of blood products - Indications, dosage, adverse effectsOrgans and tissues for which ABO compatibility is considered essential.Peripheral stem cell transplantation – Donor preparative regimens, Harvesting, Complications, Cryopreservation, Cell counting targets, Engraftment monitoring.Role of antigen matching and or compatibility in selecting organs or tissues for transplantation.Role of the major histocompatibility complex (HLA) in graft survival.Tissue bankingTransfusion practice in Organ transplantation.Transfusion support in specialized conditions – kidney, liverUmbilical cord blood transplantation – Collection, Processing, Storage
Blood collection, processing, component preparation
Sec 8
Acute normovolemic hemodilutionAdvantages and disadvantages of autologous transfusionBasic principles, indications, contra-indicationsDefinition and classification of autologous donationDirected donation – indications, advantages, disadvantagesincluding equipment (cell savers)Intra-operative blood salvagePost-operative cell salvagePre-operative autologous depositBio-safety levels in health care set up and blood banksBio-safety measures in blood centre, blood donation campsBiomedical Waste managementNeedle stick injuryPost exposure prophylaxisSterilization procedures in transfusion technologyWaste generation and segregationCryopreservationIrradiationLeucodepletionPathogen Reduction TechnologyPooling of componentsVolume reductionWashed blood components and their indications.Basic steps in component production.Functional composition of each componentLabelling of blood componentsLeucodepletion of each componentMethods of preparation of components – sedimentation, Centrifugation, ApheresisPreparation and composition of blood componentsQuality control standards of each componentStorage conditions and shelf-life of componentsstorage lesions for each componentTransportation of blood components and Cold chain maintenanceVarious types of blood componentsAdverse effects of transfusion that may result from storage- induced change in blood derivativesDifference between a blood component and blood derivativeIndication, dosage and administration of each derivativeList of blood derivatives that are prepared commercially.Plasma fractionation – type and proceduresPreparation and production of blood derivativesStorage conditions and storage lesions for each derivative with their shelf- lifeViral inactivation – single donor/pooled unitsAnticoagulant and preservative solutionsBlood containers and its configurationsCategories of blood donorsCounselling and Care of blood donors (Pre-donation,During-donation, Post-donation)Criteria for blood donor selectionDonor HemovigilanceOrganization of outdoor blood donation campsPatho-physiology of adverse reactions of blood donationPhlebotomy procedurePlasticizersPost donation advice and carePrevention and management of adverse reactions of blood donationSelection of blood containersVoluntary blood donation program in IndiaWhole blood donation Vs apheresis donationDeferral period for various transfusion transmitted infectionsDiseases for which no screening tests are availableDonor notification and look backEmerging transfusion transmitted infectionsEvaluation of testing kits for transfusion transmitted infections (TTI)Implications of reactive test resultsIndian History of blood donor screening for infectious diseasesInfectious diseases that can be transmitted through blood transfusionInternational Variations in Donor TestingMandatory tests required for donor blood processing.Potential recipient's complications if errors occur in donor blood processing.Principles of TTI testing platforms – ELISA, Chemiluminescence Western Blot, Immunoassays, Nucleic acid Amplification testing, Dot Blot hybridization, and othersScreening for Autologous donationsScreening of plasma derivativesTesting of donors of human cells, tissues and cellular and tissue based productsWindow period and residual risk of window period donationCAR T cellsDendritic cellsPeripheral blood stem cellsStem cellsUmbilical cord blood stem cells
Recent Trends
Sec 9
Blood substitutes and hematopoietic agentsChimeric antigen receptor T cells and other immunotherapiesPreparation strategiesResponseGene therapy applications to transfusion medicineThe Covid 19 Pandemic and Transfusion MedicineTissue engineering and regenerative medicine Human tissue allografts
History of Transfusion Medicine
Sec 10
Animal to human blood transfusionHuman to human transfusionEvolution of apheresis technologyHistory of Transfusion transmitted disease testingImpact of world war I & II in the expansion of transfusion serviceMajor landmarks in the history of Indian Blood transfusion.serviceDiscovery of anticoagulants, syringes, blood bags, additives solutionsDiscovery of blood groupsRecent trends in the practice of transfusion medicine – cellular adoptive immunotherapy
Basic Science
Sec 11
Applied Genetics.Immunogenetics and blood groups. (Genetics of the major surface antigens of the formed elements of the blood)Mendelian Laws of InheritancePopulation genetics of blood groupsPrinciples of genetics.Antigens, Antibodies, complement, antihuman globulin test.AutoimmunityClassification of primary immune deficiency diseases, including defects in humoral immunity, cellular immunityHumoral and Cellular immunityHypersensitivity reactionsImmune response classification, immunoglobulins.Mechanism of immune response after immunization and infection.Mechanisms of acute inflammationPhysiology of Immune SystemPrinciples of antigen antibody reaction and factors affecting these reactionsPrinciples of structural and functional evaluation of B cells, T cells, NK cells.Role of hybridoma technology in ImmunohematologyAbnormalities of hemoglobin in oxygen transportationBilirubin metabolismBiochemical and hematological alternations during storage.Composition and function of plasma constituents.HaematopoiesisHemodynamics of circulation, estimation of blood volumeHemoglobin structure and functions, synthesis and degradationIron metabolismKinetics and functions of cellular elements of blood (normal and disease state)Patho-physiology of blood donation.Patho-physiology of hemorrhagic shockPhysiology of haemostasis with regard to role of platelets, coagulation pathways and fibrinolysisProduction, metabolism and morphology of Blood Cells
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Pulmonary Medicine
The Kerala Public Service Commission (PSC) conducts examinations for the recruitment of eligible candidates to the post of Assistant Professor in Pulmonary Medicine in the Medical Education Department.
75m
11s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#pulmonary-medicine#medical-education#postgraduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
Module 5 – ILD, Pulmonary Vascular diseases & orphan lung disease
Sec 1
Abnormal A-V communicationCor PulmonaleCTEPHFat embolismHepatopulmonary SyndromeIdiopathic Interstitial pneumonias including Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), NSIP,COP, AIP, RB-ILD, DIP, LIP, IPAF, CPFE, PPFE, Cryptogenic organizing Pneumonia, Bronchiolitis obliterans Syndrome (BOS), Interstitial lung diseases specific to Infancy and children, CTD – ILD – Systemic sclerosis, RA ILD, PMDM, hermansky, Pudlak syndromeLangerhans cell histiocytosis, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, BHD, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Amyloidosis & other depositional disorders, GERD & lung, Castleman's disease, yellow nail syndrome, Lipoid pneumonia, Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell HyperplasiaPulmonary edemaPulmonary EmbolismPulmonary HypertensionSarcoidosisVasculitis and Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage
Module 7 - Intensive care
Sec 2
Acid base disordersCardiopulmonary resuscitationElectrolyte imbalanceInvasive & NIV, VILI, weaning, PEEP, prone ventilation, Modes of ventillationOxygen therapy & Oxygen toxicity, HFNC, LTOT, ECMORespiratory and hemodynamic monitoring in acute resp failureAcute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Type II, III & IV respiratory Failure - IntubationSepsis, MODSSeverity of illness scoring system
Module 2 – Airway diseases
Sec 3
Acute BronchitisAirway Stenosis, tracheomegaly & tracheomalaciaincluding inhaler therapy, bronchial therrmoplasty, biologicals, difficult asthma, most recent GINA guidelinesBronchiectasisBronchiolitisBullous diseaseincluding lung volume reduction procedures, most recent GOLD guidelines, Pulmonary rehabilitationFB aspirationTracheooesophageal FistulaUpper airway diseaseVocal cord Dysfunction
Module 6 – Occupational, Iatrogenic, Allergic, Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Environmental Diseases
Sec 4
Climate change and lungs, Global warmingAgenesis, Aplasia and Hypoplasia, Sequestration, congenital lobar emphysema, bronchogenic cystsAsbestos related DiseaseAviation and sports related pulmonary disorderbagassosisberrylliosisbyssinosiscoal worker's PneumoconiosisCystic FibrosisDisability evaluation and compensationDiving related diseaseDust and Toxic gas inhalation diseaseE cigarettesHigh altitude physiology & DiseaseHypersensitivity pneumonitisIndoor pollution related diseasesInhalation Lung InjuryOccupational AsthmaOutdoor pollution related diseasePrimary Ciliary DyskinesiaReactive airway dysfunction syndromesilicosisSmoking related disease & smoking cessationTraumatic thoracic injuryVaping
Module 8 - Pleural, diaphragm, chest wall, allergy, mediastinal and respiratory muscles Diseases
Sec 5
Allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, Urticaria, atopic dermatitis, eczema, food allergy, drug allergy, Allergen Immunotherapy, Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, SAFS, Non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis, Acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, Hypereosinophilic syndrome, Churg-strauss syndrome, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, Loeffler's syndromeChest wall deformitiesChylothoraxDiaphragmatic herniaeventrationFibrothoraxHaemothoraxMediastinal cystsMediastinitisMedistinal FibrosisNeuromuscular disordersParapneumonic effusion & Empyema, pleural manometryPhrenic Nerve PalsyPleural EffusionPleurisyPneumomedistinumPneumothoraxPost operative care and lung complicationsPreoperative respiratory evaluationrupture
Module 9 - Investigations & Interventions in Respiratory diseases - Symptoms and Signs
Sec 6
SPT, Intradermal testingAnalysis of exhaled breath components including NO, CO and breath condensateAssessment of respiratory mechanics- InterpretationBlood gas assessment and Oximetry-Interpretation and PerformanceBlood test and serology relevant to Respiratory medicineBody Plethysmography – InterpretationBronchial provocation testing- Interpretation and performanceCardiopulmonary exercise testing- Interpretation and performanceCompliance measurements - InterpretationComplications of invasive proceduresCyanosis, abnormal breathing patterns, finger, edema, clubbing, chest wall deformities, superior vena cava syndrome and Horners syndromeDyspnoea, Wheeze, Stridor, Hoarseness, Cough, Sputum production, Chest Pain, Haemptysis, Snoring, Day time somnolenceFlouroscopyGas transfer (DLCO) - InterpretationImpudence oscillometryInterventional bronchoscopic technique including fluorescent bronchoscopy, brachytherapy, endobronchial radiotherapy, afterloading laser and electrocoagulation cryotherapy, Photodynamic therapy and airway stents. Endobronchial therapies, BrachytherapyLiquid biopsyMeasurement of regulation of ventilation- InterpretationThoracentesis, Pleurodesis, Intercostal tube drainage, indwelling pleural catheters, Closed needle pleural biopsy, Medical thoracoscopy, VATS, mediastinoscopy, Rigid bronchoscopy & Flexible bronchoscopy, Transbronchial lung biopsy, Transbronchial needle aspiration, Endobronchial ultrasound, Bronchalveolar lavage, Bronchography, Transthoracic needle aspiration & biopsy, Fine needle lymphnode aspiration for cytology, Right heart catheterizationThoracic imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI), CT pulmonary angiogram, Nuclear medicine techniques (Pulmonary and Bone scan PET), Electrocardiogram, Echocardiography, Ultrasound, Capneography, Transoesophageal ultrasound, Oesophageal pH monitoring, Cytology/Histology, Microbiology testingStatic and Dynamic Lung Volumes- Interpretation and PerformanceRespiratory muscle assessment – InterpretationShunt measurement – InterpretationSputum induction & Sputum analysisThoracic ultrasound imagingTuberculin skin testing, IGRAV/Q scanVentilation perfusion measurement – Interpretation
Module 1 – Preclinical subjects
Sec 7
Structure of lungs, pleura and mediastinum, diaphragm, blood supply, lymphatics and lymph nodes, thoracic ductDevelopment (embryology) & aging of respiratory systemEpidemiological terms and their definitions, Epidemiological methods, Research methodology, statistics and study designs. Evidence based medicine, Quality of life measures, Public health issuescommon bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoal organisms and parasitesPathology of common lung diseases including TB, lung cancer, ILDPathophysiology of common lung diseasescommonly used drugs for respiratory diseases- antimicrobial drugs, antineoplastic and immunosuppressant drugs, Bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory drugs used in pulmonary diseases, Drugs used in viral, fungal and parasitic infections, antifibrotics, Pharmacovigilance, antibiotic stewardshipControl of ventilation; pulmonary mechanics, Ventilation, pulmonary blood flow, gas exchange and transport, Non-respiratory metabolic functions of lung Inhalation kinetics and its implication in aerosol therapy, and sputum induction etc., Acid-base and electrolyte balance, Pulmonary innervation and reflexes, Immunology & Pulmonary defence mechanisms, Physiological changes in pregnancy
Module 4 – Tuberculosis & NTM
Sec 8
primary and second line,new drugs, BCG vaccine, new vaccines, new diagnostic tests in TBDrug resistant TuberculosisExtrapulmonary TBHiv and tbLaboratory diagnosis of TB including staining, culture and drug sensitivity testingLatent TB infectionsNon tuberculous mycobacterial diseasesPulmonary TBTB in the immunocompromised hostTuberculosis control programme
Module 4 - Non TB Respiratory Infections
Sec 9
Atypical pneumoniaCommunity acquired pneumoniaFungal infectionsLower respiratory infectionsLung abscessNosocomial pneumoniaaspiration, chemicalParasitic infectionsPneumocystis jirovecci infectionPneumonia in the immunocompromised hostUpper Respiratory InfectionsViral infectionsZoonosis and protozoan infections
Module 3- Thoracic Tumours and maligncies
Sec 10
adenoma, carcinoid tumourChest wall tumoursInflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumorincluding classification, diagnosis, TNM staging, treatment – chemo, radiation, surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, lung cancer screening, SPN, para neoplastic syndromesLymphoma, leukemia and related diseases.Mediastinal tumoursMesothelioma, Metastatic & Other pleural tumours, pleural fibromaMetastatic Pulmonary tumoursSarcoma, kaposi's sarcoma
Module 10 – Miscellaneous
Sec 11
Diabetes and lungDrug induced lung diseasesCongenital immunodeficiency syndrome, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV related diseases, Graft versus host diseases, Lung transplantation & Post-transplantation immunodeficiencyLung in IBD, ulcerative colitisLung in sickle cell disease, multiple myelomaPleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic/Extrapulmonary disorders in Collagen vascular disease, Cardiac disease, Abdominal disease, Haematological disease, Obesity, Hyperventilation syndromePregnancy induced respiratory diseasesRadiation induced DiseaseRespiratory Diseases and PregnancyPhysiology of sleep, Obstructive sleep apnoea, Central sleep apnoea, Upper airway resistance syndrome, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, sleep studyPalliative care & end of life care, Nutritional interventions, Gene therapy, Principles of stem cell therapy, Vaccination and infection control
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor (Surgical Oncology) (Medical Education)
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) invites applications for the post of Assistant Professor in Surgical Oncology in the Medical Education Department.
120m
10s
#kerala-psc#medical#surgical-oncology#assistant-professor#postgraduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
Breast
Sec 1
Accelerated partial breast irradiation, Hypofractionation in breast cancerBreast reconstructionChemoport, Vascular access methods.DCIS managementEarly breast cancer, Breast conservation surgery, Oncoplasty.LCIS managementLocally advanced breast cancer- Triple Negative breast cancer, Her 2 positive disease, Mastectomy, ovarian suppression,Male breast cancerMetastatic breast cancerNeoadjuvant and adjuvant protocols in breast cancer,Oligometastatic disease.Pagets diseasePhyllodes tumourRisk assessment -mammaprint, oncotype DX.Staging and pathological types, core biopsy,Staging of N0 axilla. Sentinel Lymph node biopsy.X-ray mammogram, ultrasound, and MR mammogram. BIRADS.
Gynec oncology
Sec 2
Adnexal mass-risk assessment algorithms,Carcinoma cervix, staging, pap smear, CIN treatment, risk factors of cancer cervix, vaccine, early disease, locally advanced disease, the role of surgery, radiotherapy,Endometrial cancer, FIGO Staging, Pathologic grading, imaging, lymphadenectomy,Gestational trophoblastic disease management and follow-upOvarian cancer- Epithelial ovarian cancer early ovarian cancer, Advanced ovarian cancer management, Germ cell tumors, Rare tumors of the ovary, Cytoreductive surgery,Peritoneal carcinomatosisSarcomas of uterusVulva and vagina cancers, lymph node assessment, radical vulvectomy,
Uro oncology
Sec 3
Adrenal tumors – pheochromocytoma, Incidentaloma adrenal, Adrenocortical adenoma and carcinoma,Bladder cancer. Risk factors, Staging of bladder cancer. Treatment of early-stage bladder cancer. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor indications. Intravesical therapies. Treatment of locally advanced bladder cancer. Radiotherapy for bladder cancer. Reconstruction following cystectomy. Long-term complications of urethral diversion.Cancer of testes risk factors, High inguinal orchidectomy, Seminoma, Non seminomatous germ cell tumors, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in testicular tumors, retrograde ejaculation, tumor markers in testicular germ cellKidney cancer Histopathological types, TNM Staging, differential diagnosis, nephron-sparing surgery, Radical nephrectomy, cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell cancer, systemic therapy in metastatic renal cancer. Hereditary kidney cancer syndromes,Prostate cancer. Staging, Gleason, Prostatic biopsy, Active surveillance, radical prostatectomy indications and complications, robotic surgery, Prostate Specific antigen, radiation for prostate, Pattern of spread, bone mets in prostate cancer, Bone scan, PSMA PET, Castration-resistant prostate cancer, Palliating prostate cancer.Urethral cancer in males and females, penile cancer Staging, lymph node assessment, partial and total penectomy indications, nonsurgical treatment options.
Gi oncology
Sec 4
Advances in endoscopic surgeries.Anal canal and anal verge, Staging, workup, chemoradiation, salvage surgery.Biliary tree- Obstructive Jaundice workup, cholangiocarcinoma, Gall bladder cancer.Carcinoma Esophagus anatomy, clinical presentation, pathology, investigations, operations, choice of conduit, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, palliative managementColon- multiple polyposis syndromes clinical decision making, colectomies, total mesocolic excision, nodal clearance, Anastomosis, Adjuvant chemo, colonoscopy. Polypectomy, cancer in a polyp,Enhanced Recovery After Surgery ProtocolsGIST, Diagnosis Staging, Immunohistochemistry, neoadjuvant therapy, Adjuvant Imatinib and other drugsHIPEC and other treatment modalities for peritoneal disease.Liver metastasis, colorectal and non-colorectal including liver resections, ablative therapies, TACE, TARE,Malignant ascitesPancreas- Exocrine and endocrine pancreas cancers, Clinical presentation, workup pancreaticoduodenectomy, post-operative pancreatic fistula management,PNET and carcinoids of Gl tractPrimary liver cancer, Cirrhosis, and liver cancer, HCC, assessment including child-pugh score, MELD, portal vein embolization, Anatomical liver resections, Transplantation indications.Rectum- MRI pelvis, neoadjuvant therapy, short course and long course radiation, saving the sphincter, Extra levator APR, pelvic exenteration,Retroperitoneal tumorsSmall bowel- adenocarcinoma, appendicular tumors, small bowel carcinoids,Stomach, Staging, pathology, molecular classification, types of surgeries, laparoscopy VS open surgeries, diagnostic laparoscopy, D2 resections evidence, nodal staging, adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies, FLOT, chemoradiation. Dumping syndrome.
Cancer screening and non-surgical treatments and miscellaneous
Sec 5
Antiangiogenic agents, PARP inhibitorsAssessment and treatment of adverse effects including vomiting, cytopenia, GI, lung, and cardiac treatment-related toxicityAssessment of clinical response to therapyCancer of unknown primary excluding neck nodes.Chemotherapy. Basic pharmacology of chemotherapy drugs, classification of chemotherapy drugs.Hormonal agents in cancer treatmentImmunotherapy.Leukemia acute and chronic, Myelodysplastic syndromes.Lymphoma, Hodgkins, nonhodgkins, primary CNS lymphoma, Cutaneous lymphomas.Monoclonal antibodiesNuclear medicine in diagnosis and treatmentNutrition in Surgical OncologyOncological emergencies, Spinal cord compression, Superior vena cava syndrome, metabolic emergencies including tumor lysis syndromePalliative medicine -assessment and management of cancer pain, supportive care, quality of life. End-of-life care, communicating bad news,Paraneoplastic syndromesPlasma cell neoplasms – multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma, monoclonal gammopathy, Amyloidosis, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.Precision medicine in oncologyRadiation therapy, biologic aspects, response and basic radiation physics, fractionation.Rehabilitation in surgical oncology.Risk-reducing agents and risk-reducing surgeries.Screening tests, Current screening guidelines, and evidence in skin, lung, prostate, gynecological, gastroenterological, and breast cancer.Stem cell transplant
Genetics, Molecular biology and Etiology of cancer
Sec 6
Bacteria and microbiome as cancer causatives, and their role in therapy.basics of the human genome, mutations, genomic landscape of cancers, adenoma-carcinoma sequenceBurden of disease and trends in the global and national scenarioCancer research and outcome analysis, Epidemiological methods, Design and analysis of clinical trials.Cancer suppressor genesClinical presentations and genetic basis of common diseases like Neurofibromatosis, Multiple endocrine neoplasia, FAP, HNPCC, BRCA 1 and 2 mutations, Lifraumani, Microsatellite instability, Cowden, Peuts Jeghers, Ataxia telangiectasiaGenetic counselling.Hallmarks of cancerHIV and cancer associationsMethods of molecular analysis in oncologyObesity and canceroncogenesOncogenic viruses, chemical, physical factors, Diet, Lifestyle, and inflammation in cancer causation.Susceptibility syndromes in cancerTobacco and cancerTumour markers.Vaccines in cancer prevention.
Bone, soft tissue and skin
Sec 7
Bone tumors – metastatic bone tumors – management, bone-targeted agents, Skeletal related events, fixing a pathological fracture, Spine metastasis workup, Radiation for bone mets. Systemic radionuclides for bone mets.FibromatosisPrimary bone tumors imaging, staging and pathologies, surgical management including reconstruction options. Amputations.Skin cancer melanoma cutaneous and mucosal staging, margins, surgical resection lymph nodal assessment, adjuvant and palliative systemic therapies, Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, Extramammary Paget's, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Merkel cell tumor, skin adnexal tumors, Mohs surgery.soft tissue sarcoma Staging and pathological types. Pathologic grading, Margin in sarcoma surgery, neoadjuvant radiation, Adjuvant radiation indications. Chemotherapy indications, drugs used in STS
Neurosurgery and pediatric oncology
Sec 8
Brain metastasis. Treatment options, prognosis.Classification of Brain TumorsIncreased intracranial pressure presentation and managementIntraocular melanomaMetastatic brain tumors workup and treatmentNeuroblastomaNon-surgical options in brain tumorsPeripheral nerve tumors, glomus jugulare, chordoma,RetinoblastomaSurgery in Brain TumorsWilms tumor
Thorasic oncology
Sec 9
carcinoma lung- Nonsmall cell lung cancer. Presentation and management.Lung metastasis, surgical metastasectomy, and ablative therapies. Decision-making in different pathologies.malignant effusionmediastinal neoplasms, thymoma, germ cell tumors, othersmesotheliomaneuroendocrine tumors lung and small cell lung cancer management
Head and neck oncology
Sec 10
Larynx endoscopic surgeries, Laryngectomies, voice rehabilitation, tracheostomy.Nasopharynx, Paranasal sinuses and Nose,Neck node of unknown primary (cancer of unknown primary)Neck nodes staging, types of neck dissections, anatomy of the neck, spaces of the neckOral cavity cancers, Lip, Cancer of the tongue, buccal mucosa, alveolus, retromolar trigone, maxilla . floor of mouth resections and reconstructions of these subsites. Elective neck dissection evidenceParathyroid glands anatomy. Hypo and hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid carcinoma,Precancerous lesions- leucoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucus fibrosis, Oral lichen planus.Salivary glands benign and malignant neoplasms and their management. Adjuvant therapy in salivary gland neoplasm, facial nerve anatomyThyroid anatomy, Differentiated thyroid cancer workup and management, Anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers. Medullary thyroid carcinoma, Thyroidectomy and its complications, Thyroid lymphomaTNM Classification head and neck cancers
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) invites applications for the post of Assistant Professor in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in the Medical Education Department.
120m
10s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#plastic-surgery#medical-education#reconstructive-surgery
Syllabus Explorer
Module-5
Sec 1
Abdominoplasty.Aesthetic Rhinoplasty.Augmentation mammoplasty.Blepharoplasty.Body contouring, liposuction.Chemical peeling and dermabrasion.Face lift.Laser therapy.Reduction mammoplasty.
Module-10
Sec 2
Burn wound infection, sepsis.Chemical burns.Electrical burns.Facial burns.Nutrition in burns.Organization of Burns Unit.Pathophysiology of burn shock.Post burn contractures -treatment of sequelae.Principles of planning in event of burn disaster.Radiation burn.Reconstruction of burn hand and upper extremity.Tangential excision and sequential excision.Thermal burns.
Module-3
Sec 3
Cleft lip and palate, alveolar clefts.Craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, craniofacial microsomia.Embryogenesis of cleft lip and palate.Embryology of head and neck (excluding central nervous system).Orthodontics, speech therapy in cleft lip and palate.Principles of craniofacial surgery.Rare craniofacial clefts, Tessier's clefts.Regional anatomy of head and neck.Velopharyngeal incompetence.
Module-1
Sec 4
Anatomy and functions of skin.Care of wounds, dressing, techniques and splints.Endoscopy in Plastic Surgery.Flaps-Fasciocutaneous muscle, musculocutaneous, congenital malformations.Grafts - fat, fascia, tendon, nerve, cartilage, bone.History of Plastic Surgery and its broad scope at the present time.Hospital infections.Implant materials used in Plastic Surgery.Infective skin gangrene.Keloid, hypertrophic scans.Local anaesthesia, nerve blocks, regional anaesthesia.Local skin flaps.Pedicled skin flaps and tubs.Principles of anaesthesia for infants, adults, hypothermia, hypotensive anaesthesia.Principles of genetics and general approach to the management of congenital malformations.Split skin grafts and full thickness skin grafts, their take and Subsequent behaviour.Surgical instruments.Suture instruments.Tissue expansion.Unstable scar and scar contracture.Wound healing.
Module-7
Sec 5
Anatomy of the male and female external genitalia.Embryology of the male and female external genitalia.Epispadias and ectopic vesicae.Hypospadias.Reconstruction of external genitalia.Trans-sexualism (intersex).Vaginoplasty.
Module-8
Sec 6
Benign and malignant tumours of hand.Brachial plexus injury.Congenital deformities of hand, finger, thumb.Dupuytren's disease.Embryology of upper extremity.Examination of hand.Extensor tendon injuries.Fingertip injuries.Flexor tendon injuries.Fractures of hand and dislocation of hand -metacarpal, phalanges.Functional anatomy of hand.General principles of hand surgery.Hand infections.Innervated flaps.Ischaemic conditions of upper extremity.Leprosy deformity of hand.Lymphedema in upper extremity.Nail injuries, grafting.Nerve compression syndromes.Peripheral nerve injuries, electro diagnostic tests.Pollicisation.Principles and treatment of old and neglected hand deformities.Principles of reconstruction in mutilating hand injuries.Problems of small joints.Rehabilitation of hand, prosthesis.Rheumatoid arthritis of hand.Surgery for spastic and tetraplegic hand.Tendon transfers for radial, ulnar and median nerve injury.Thumb reconstruction.Treatment of acute hand injuries.Vascular malformations of upper extremity.Vasospastic conditions of upper extremity.
Module-2
Sec 7
Congenital deformities of face and jaw bone.Corrective Rhinoplasty.Facial paralysis.Fractures- nose, maxilla, mandible, zygoma, orbit-early management and treatment of sequelae.Growth and development changes in face, anatomy of facial skeleton.Leprosy deformities of face.Reconstruction of external ear.Reconstruction of eyelids, ptosis.Reconstructive Rhinoplasty.Structure and development of teeth.Temporomandibular joint dysfunctions.Cancer of upper Aerodigestive system.Jaw tumours.Malignant and benign tumours of head and neck.Principles of prosthetic replacement of Jaw defects.Reconstruction of mandible.Reconstruction of maxilla.Tumour of skin.Vasoformative lesions of the skin and adnexa.
Module-6
Sec 8
Functional anatomy of foot.Leprosy deformities of leg and foot.Lymphedema.Reconstructive surgery of lower extremely.
Module-9
Sec 9
Microvascular tissue transfers.Principles of microsurgery and its applications in plastic surgery.Replantation and revascularization surgery.
Module-4
Sec 10
Breast reconstruction.Decubitus ulcer.Reconstruction of full thickness defects of the abdomen and thorax.
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor Physiology (Medical Education)
The Kerala Public Service Commission recruits candidates for the Assistant Professor in Physiology (Medical Education) post in the Kerala Government Service.
120m
10s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#physiology#assistant-professor#post-graduate
Syllabus Explorer
Cardiovascular system
Sec 1
Abnormal ECG pattern in myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, conduction defects,define end pressure and lateral pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure - normal values Measurement of blood pressureEffect of gravity, posture and exercise on BPHypertension and HypotensionLocal and systemic cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms, autoregulationRegulation - neural and humoral (short term, intermediate and long term )systolic and diastolic pressure - definition, normal values, variations, Bernoulli's principleArterial pulse - genesis, character of normal pulse, tracing in plethysmography, abnormalitiesCardiac cycle - Definition, phases and events of cardiac cycleCardiac output - Definition, normal values, variationsCirculatory shock - types, pathophysiology, stages, compensatory mechanismsConducting system of Heart - origin and spread of cardiac impulse, abnormal pacemakers, conduction defectsCorrelation between different events of cardiac cycleECG - Definition, Principles of recording of ECG, Leads - commonly used,Effect of changes in ECF Na, K, Ca. cardiac axis, correlation with events in cardiac cycle.Effect of head up and head down tilt on blood pressureFirst degree, second degree, complete heart blockFunctional anatomy of heart and blood vesselsHeart sounds - causes, character, murmur, definition, physiological basisFunctional organization of Heart and blood vesselsImportance of peripheral resistance, venous circulation, venous toneLaminar flow, turbulent flow, Reynolds number, critical closing volume,Physical laws governing flow of blood in vessels - pressure-resistance, flow relationship, Poiseuille Hagen formula, Law of LaplaceRegulation of blood flow - local and systemicMeasurement of blood flowMention the method of measurement - Ficks principleNoninvasive investigations - echocardiography, cardiovascular autonomic function tests - heart rate variability, ambulatory pressure monitoringNormal tracing in Lead 11 - waves, segments, intervals, How HR is determined, clinical uses of ECGPathophysiology of syncope and Heart failurePressure and volume changes in different chambers and vesselsProperties - morphology, electrical, mechanical and metabolic functionscoronary, capillary, cerebral, cutaneous, foetal, microcirculation, lymphaticspulmonary, renal and splanchnic circulationRegulation of cardiac output, regulation of heart rate, stroke volume.Venous blood flow, venous tone, valves
RENAL SYSTEM
Sec 2
Abnormalities of micturition - deafferented, decentralized, automatic bladderAcid base balanceAcidification of urine - mechanism of H+ secretion, fate of H+, PH changes along the renal tubuleConcentration of urineCorticomedullary gradient - factors maintaining (ADH, permeability, of renal tubule, role of urea, vasa rectaCounter current system - multiplier, exchangerDialysis - artificial kidney, renal function testsDiuresis - definition, osmotic and pressure diuresis.Functional anatomy of bladder, innervation of bladder, filling and emptying of bladder, cystometrogram, micturition reflex, and its higher control, voluntary controlGlomerular filtration - definition, rate, filtration membrane, forces governing filtration and permeability of membrane, measurement of GFR, Clearance values - definition, values for glucose, inulin, ureaIntroduction - functional anatomy, nephron - structure, parts, functionsJuxtaglomerular apparatus - site, structure, functionJuxtaglomerular apparatus - structure and functionsMicturitionOsmotic gradient along renal tubuleRenal circulation - normal flow, regulation, peculiarities,Tubular functionsTubular reabsorption - glucose, sodium, water urea, electrolytes - sites, mechanism involvedTubular secretion - H+, K+, filtered load, tubular maximum, glomerular feedback, renal thresholdUrine - Normal volume, constituents, abnormal constituents, polyuria, oliguria, anuriaWater - reabsorption, in different segments - obligatory, facultative
Hematology
Sec 3
ABO and Rh systems, inheritance, differences, Bombay Group, Landsteiner's law 1 and 11 ABO and Rh incompatibility, Erythroblastosis foetalis, its significance.Anemias - classification (aetiological and morphological, physiological basis of anemia, types, polycythemiaAutoimmune disorders, AIDSBleeding disorders - Purpura, Hemophilia, Vitamin K deficiency Tests for bleeding disorders - bleeding time, clotting time prothrombin time, Partial Thromboplastin time. Thrombosis, EmbolismBlood - functions, compositionBlood banking and TransfusionBlood GroupsBone marrow study - myeloid and erythroid ratioErythropoiesis - sites (intrauterine, extrauterine), different stages, factors influencing and regulating erythropoiesis, lifespan of RBC, its destruction, JaundiceHemoglobin - structure, functions, normal types, abnormal HbHemostasis - Primary, secondary, clot retraction, Anticlotting mechanisms in vivo - factors that limit clot formation, Anticoagulants - in vivo, in vitro,Immunity - Definition, Development and regulation of immunityInnate and acquired, Humoral and cellularMechanism of immune response, plasma cell, immunoglobulinsPlasma proteinsPlatelets - morphology, functions, normal count, variations thrombopoiesis, factors influencing this.Properties - specific gravity, viscosityRed blood cells - morphology, composition, functions, normal RBC count, variations, propertiesReticuloendothelial systemclassification, morphology, lifespanleucocytosis, leucopenia, leukemia, agranulocytosis, LeucopoiesisProperties and functions, normal count, differential count, variations
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION
Sec 4
Adrenal cortex - functional anatomy, hormones of adrenal cortex - glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex steroids, biosynthesis, transport, physiological actions, regulation of secretionAdrenal cortex - Hyper and hypofunctionHormones (catecholamines, regulation of secretion, clinical aspectsCalcium homeostasis - normal calcium metabolism, PTH, calcitonin and vitamin - target organs and physiological actions, hypocalcemia and tetanyAbnormalities of ovarian function, menarche, menopause, castration before and after pubertyContraception - temporary and permanent methods in males and females and their physiological basisFetoplacental unitFunctional anatomy,Hormonal regulationLactation - hormones influencing and their actionsMenstrual cycle - phases, ovarian, uterine, vaginal changes during menstrual cycleOvarian hormones, control of ovarian functions by H.P. Gonadal axisOvary - oogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteumParturition - physiology of labourPituitary gonadotropins (FSH, LH)Placenta - functions, placental hormonesPregnancy testsPregnancy, fertilization, implantation, corpus luteum of pregnancyTests for ovulation - determination of ovulation time by basal body temperature and pregnancy diagnostic test - immunological testsGeneral - names, organization,Hormone - definition, and classification, mechanism of action. control of secretion of hormones in general positive feedback and negative feedback, abnormalities of hormone function, hormonal assayfunctional anatomy, hormones, physiological actions, interrelationship between hypothalamus and pituitary glandsInfundibulum - hypothalamopituitary tract and portal systemErection, ejaculation, composition of semen, sterilityFunctional anatomy, functions of testis - endocrine, spermatogenesis, abnormalities of testicular functionSemen analysis - sperm count, motility and morphologyKidney, Pineal body, Thymus, White adipose tissue, Heart, endothelium. local hormones - sources and physiological actionsGlucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptideHyper and hypofunctionInsulin - receptors, insulin resistancePancreas - endocrine, functional anatomy, hormones - physiological actions and regulation of secretion.Physiology of growth and development -functional anatomy, cell types, hormones of anterior and posterior pituitaryGrowth hormone - physiological actions and regulation of secretion, Hyper and hypofunctionIntermediate lobe hormones - proopiomelanoortin and MSHAberrant sexual differentiationChromosomal developmentFactors influencing development of genitaliaIntroduction, sex organs, genetic basis of sex, sex differentiation and development of reproductive systemPuberty - normal, precocious and delayed pubertyhormones, biosynthesis, transport, physiological actions, regulation of secretionHyper and hypofunction in children and adultsThyroid function tests
Respiratory system
Sec 5
Artificial respiration, cardiopulmonary resuscitationAssessment of respiratory functions - spirometry, vitography, gas analysis, measurement of BMRCO2 transport in blood, Haldane effectCyanosis, Asphyxia, DyspnoeaDead space - Anatomical and PhysiologicalDecompression sickness (caissons disease)Effects of UV radiation, dysbarismEnvironmental Physiology - High altitude, rapid ascent, mountain sickness, acclimatizationFunctions of different parts of respiratory system including nonrespiratory functionsHypoxia - definition, types, clinical features, treatmentIntroduction, Functional anatomy of respiratory systemLaw of Laplace - applicationMeasurement of pulmonary ventilation - lung volumes and capacitiesMechanics of respiration - pressure changesMechanism of gas exchange - blood gas barrier, factors affecting diffusion across respiratory membrane, diffusion capacity of O2 and CO2Nitrogen narcosis. High pressure nervous syndrome, oxygen toxicity,O2 transport in blood, Bohr effectPeriodic breathing - Cheyne-Stokes, Biots, voluntary hyperventilationPressure volume relationship - elastic behaviour of lungs, compliance, airway resistance, work of breathing, factors affecting bronchial tonePulmonary blood flow - factors influencing blood flowPulmonary function tests, space physiology - effect of G forces on respiratory systemPulmonary gas exchange - composition of inspired air, expired air, partial pressuresRegulation of respiration - neural, chemical, interaction between these chemical stimuliRespiratory changes during exerciseStethography - study of respiratory movements and factors affectingSurfactantVentilation - pulmonary and alveolarVentilation perfusion ratio and its significance
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Sec 6
Acoustics - frequency, amplitude of sound, pitch, intensity and quality of soundAudiometryAuditory pathway, sound localization, pitch discrimination, masking of soundsCochlea - structure, organ of corti, hair cell physiology, mechanoelectrical transduction by hair cellsDeafnessEndocochlear potential, Determination of pitch (Travelling wave theory ) and intensity of soundFunctional anatomy of ear, functions of external, middle and inner ear.Autonomic nervous system - organisation and functionsBasal ganglia - organisation, connections, functions, disordersBERA (brainstem auditory evoked potential) SEP (somatosensory evoked potential). MEP (motor evoked potential)Brain - lobes, functions, Broadmann's areasCerebellum - functional anatomy, functions of deep cerebellar nuclei, connections in relation to functions, cerebellar disordersCerebrospinal fluid - formation, circulation, composition, functions lumbar punctureCross-section with location of sensory, motor and autonomic neurons and tractsEEG and sleep - Define EEG, principle of recording, normal waves, clinical usesFunctional anatomy of brain and spinal cordHigher functions of brain - Learning, memory, speechHypothalamus - functional anatomy, nuclei, connections, functionsLimbic system - organisation, connections, functionsModulation of pain - spinal level, supraspinal levelEffect of lesions at various levels - hemiplegia, paraplegia, monoplegiaGeneral organization, pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts, their functionsIntroduction, levels of motor controlMotor cortex, motor areas, motor homunculus, Descending tractsReflex action, reflex arc definition, classification of reflexes with examplesStretch reflex, inverse stretch reflex, reciprocal innervation, withdrawal reflexUppermotor neurons, their lesionsBasis of maintenance - stretch reflex, higher controlPostural reflexes with levels of integrationRegulation of muscle tone and postureNeuroelectrodiagnostic techniques - nerve conduction study, VEP (visual evoked potential)Neuron, neuroglia - functionsNeurotransmitters and neuromodulatorsOrganisation of nervous systemPain sensation - details, different types of painReceptor potential, comparison with action potentialReflex action - definition, reflex arc - components, classification with examplesReticular formation - ARAS, Descending reticular system - explain control of muscle tone, functionsSensations - classificationSensory cortex - location, primary area, secondary area, association areas, salient histological features, sensory homunculus, lesionsSensory receptors - classification, types (phasic and tonic) properties - adaptationSensory tracts - organisation of sensory pathways, tracing of pathways from body and face.Special senses - olfaction - receptor, pathway, lesionsSpinal cord - functional anatomySpinal cord injuries - complete transaction, incomplete transaction, hemisection, section of anterior and posterior roots, injury to motor nerveSynapse - types, functional anatomy of chemical synapse and synaptic transmission,Synaptic potentials, properties of synapses, synaptic inhibitionTaste - taste buds, receptor, primary taste sensations, pathway, lesionsThalamus - functional anatomy, nuclei - classification, connections, functions, Thalamic syndromeVestibular apparatus - functional anatomy, connections and functionsVisceral pain, referred pain, radiating pain - clinical correlates, Altered pain sensationsAccommodation and accommodation reflex (Near response)Accommodation reflex pathway, lesionsAdaptation of visual receptors - Dark adaptation and light adaptationBasic optics, optical system of eye, refractive media of eye, concepts of reduced eye, image formation on retina ‘emmetropic eye, far and near pointsColour vision - primary, secondary and complementary colours hue, brightness and saturation, receptors, Trichromatic and opponent process theories, colour blobs - location and function, colour blindness, afterimages, contrastsCorneal reflexElectrophysiology of receptors, receptor potential, lateralErrors of refraction, presbyopia, contact lensFunctional anatomy, chambers of eye, intraocular fluidsInhibition, electroretinogram - Duplicit theory of vision, photopic and scotopic visionLens - characteristics, changes with age, aphakia, cataractMacular sparingMuscles of eye, nerve supply, movements of eyeball, corresponding points, double vision, squintPhototransductionRetina - histology, macula lutea, fovea centralisTests of vision - field of vision, perimetry, accommodation, fundoscopy, visual acuity, colour visionVisual cortex, visual reflexes - pupillary reflexes light (direct and indirect) pathway, lesionsVisual pathway - effect of lesions at different levelsVisual receptors (cones and rods) - structure, visual pigments, role of vitamin AVisual signals - processing in retina
General Physiology including Genetic Basis
Sec 7
Biostatistics, Biochemistry, Biophysics, microanatomyBlood volumeBody fluid compartmentsExcretion, PH, water and electrolyte balanceGrowth and Development including Apoptosis, AgingHistory of Physiology, Nobel Laurates and discoveriesIntercellular communicationsMechanism of transport across the cell membranePhysiological phenomena as hemodynamics, bioelectrical potentialsPhysiology of the cell including genetic control mechanismsPrinciples of HomeostasisStructure of cell membrane
NERVE MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
Sec 8
potential, mechanism of contraction, Length Tension relationshipstructure, properties, action potential, pacemakerEMG - fasciculation, fibrillationExcitable tissue - definition,Muscles - classificationNerve fibres - types, classification, functionsNeuromuscular blocking drugs, applied clinical aspectsNeuromuscular junction, Transmission of impulse across neuromuscular junctionNeuron - structure, types, properties, functionsResting membrane potential, nerve action potentialenergy sources and metabolism in muscle at rest and during muscle contractionLength Tension relationshipmolecular basis of muscle contraction, muscle types - fast and slowmuscular changes during exercisestructure including molecular details, action potential,junction, potential, mechanism of contraction, plasticity, Length Tension relationshiptypes, structure, innervation, neuromuscularStimulus - definition, types - threshold, subthreshold, supra thresholdTransmission of nerve impulse, Peripheral nerve injury
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
Sec 9
Digestion, and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids.Disturbances in salivary secretionGastric HCl secretion - mechanism and regulation of secretionGastric juice - composition, functionsGastric juice - composition, functions, phases, regulation of secretionGastric secretion - functional anatomy of stomachGastrin - functions, regulation of secretionGastrointestinal hormonesGeneral organization, neural control of G.I function, enteric nervous system,functions, defecation reflex, role of dietary fibre, bacterial floraEnterohepatic circulation, Jaundice - prehepatic, hepatic, posthepaticFunctions of gall bladder, filling and emptying of gall bladderFunctions, anatomy. composition and functions of bile, control of secretionMechanism of enzyme secretion of glandsDeglutition - definition, muscles involved, stages, functions, regulationElectrophysiology of smooth muscle - BER, MMCGastric emptying - duration, factors affectingGastric motility - types, regulation, abnormal movements (vomiting, Diarrhoea)Mastication - definition, muscles involved, functions, regulationMovements of small intestinePeristalsis - definition, basis, functionsMucosal barrier, pathophysiology of peptic ulcerfunctional anatomypancreatic juice - composition, function, regulation of secretion - neural, hormonal, Applied - steatorrhoeaSaliva - composition, functions, regulation of secretion, conditioned and unconditioned reflexesSalivary glands - functional anatomy,Functional anatomy, composition, functions of intestinal juice, regulation of secretion
SKIN AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION
Sec 10
Hyperthermia, fever, heat stroke, hypothermia, cold injuries/frost biteRegulation of body temperature, role of skin and hypothalamusStructure, functions. methods of heat conservation and heat loss in human body
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) invites applications for the post of Assistant Professor in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation in Medical Education.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#assistant-professor#physical-medicine#rehabilitation
Syllabus Explorer
Clinical Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation- part 2
Sec 1
Analysis of gait- kinetics, kinematics, normal and pathological gait, gait analysis and gait labEnergy costs of functional activities in health and disease, experimental and clinical use of ergometry in Physical Medicine
Basic Sciences as applied to PMR
Sec 2
Cardiovascular SystemGastrointestinal systemHistology of bone, cartilage, muscles, nerves and skinMusculoskeletal system- Osteology and Myology, Functional Anatomy, Kinesiology and Anthropology, types of jointsNeuroanatomy- Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves, Autonomic Nervous SystemRespiratory SystemSpecial SensesUrinary TractAcid base balanceCalcium and Phosphorus metabolismGeneral metabolism and nutritionBiomechanics of joint movementProperties of physical agents- heat, cold, light, electromagnetic spectrum, electricity, ultrasound, magnetismCardiovascular diseases including hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathyCommon Genetic disordersDegeneration and repairDiseases of musclesDiseases of the kidneys and urinary tractInfections of bones and jointsInflammation, healingInflammatory disorders of musculoskeletal systemMetabolic and endocrine disorders including dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, obesityMetabolic bone and joint disordersNecrosisNeuropathology- trauma to the central and peripheral nervous systems, degenerative disorders, infections, metabolic disorders, cerebrovascular accidents, critical illness neuropathyNutritional deficienciesPathology of agingRespiratory diseases including infections, restrictive and obstructive lung diseasesAntianginalsAntiarrhythmic agentsAntibiotics and antiviral agentsAnticancer agentsAnticoagulantsAntidepressants and anxiolyticsAntidiabetic agentsAntihypertensivesAntilipidaemic agentsAntiplatelet agentsAntipsychoticsAntisepticsAutocoidsCholinergics and Anticholinergics, drugs acting on the bladder.Disease Modifying Agents and Biologics in RheumatologyDrugs acting on the adrenergic systemDrugs acting on the gastrointestinal tractDrugs acting on the peripheral nervous systemDrugs acting on the respiratory systemDrugs in cardiac failureHormonesImmunosuppressantsLocal AnaestheticsMuscle relaxants and antispasticity agentsNatural supplementsNSAIDS and analgesicsOpioidsPlasma expandersPlasminogen activatorsSteroidsVitamins and mineralsAutonomic Nervous SystemCardiovascular systemCentral Nervous System- volition, sensations, coordination of movement, regulation of posture, special senses, language and speechEndocrine SystemMuscle-Ultrastructure and chemical composition, contraction, fatigue, changes in denervated muscleNerve-properties of peripheral nerve, membrane potential and depolarization, nerve impulse, nerve conduction, neuromuscular transmission, motor unit, muscle spindle, electrodiagnosisPhysiology of exercisePhysiology of painRenal functions, control of micturitionRespiratory System including assessment of pulmonary functionSynovial fluidTemperature regulation
Clinical Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation- part 4
Sec 3
Assessment Tools and Outcome Measures in Rehabilitation Medicine such as the Ashworth and Modified Ashworth Scales, Penn Spasm Frequency Scale, Functional Independence Measure, Barthel Index,, Modified Rankin Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale, Mini Mental Status Examination, Rancho Los Amigos Scale, Kellgren and Lawrence system, WOMAC Index,, Chronic Disability Index of Waddell and Main, Oswestry Disability Index, VAS, Bath Index, Bryce Ragnarrson Taxonomy of pain following SCI, Foot and Ankle Disability Index, QOL assessment, GMFCS etc.International Classification of Diseases (ICD)International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF)
Allied Disciplines
Sec 4
Assessment and classification of the functional status of the heart and work capacity, application of data for rehabilitation, recent advancesCommon disorders of the cardiovascular system with particular emphasis on the congenital, rheumatic, hypertensive and ischaemic diseasesExercise testing protocols (Bruce, Naughton and others)Rehabilitation of the patient with cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, after myocardial infarction, after coronary artery bypass graft, after cardiac transplantationHealth educationIdentification of community needs for health services, including rehabilitation services, utilization of the epidemiological approach and statistical methodologyImmunizationPreventive rehabilitative approach in medical care at the grassroot and intermediate community levelsPrinciples of comprehensive health care, integrating rehabilitation services with general health servicesApraxia, Agnosia, AphasiaCommon cardiovascular disordersCommon communicable diseases prevalent in IndiaCommon respiratory disordersCongenital disorders of the nervous systemCorona virus and covid infection, other viral infections of epidemiologic interestDegenerative diseases and special problems in the elderlyDisorders of frontal lobe function, dementiasDisorders of nutritionDisorders of peripheral nervesEpilepsyExtrapyramidal disordersGeneral metabolic and endocrine disordersGenetics and genetic counsellingHereditary disorders of the nervous systemHIV and AIDSInfectious and Toxic EncephalopathyLanguage disordersMultiple sclerosisProgressive disorders of the nervous systemSpinal cord injuryStrokeTraumatic Brain InjuryIntrathecal Baclofen pumpNerve repairs and transfersNeurosurgery in Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonian SyndromeNeurosurgical management of infections of the central nervous systemNeurosurgical management of neoplasms of the central nervous systemNeurosurgical management of trauma to the central nervous systemExercises and their role in Obstetrics and Gynaecology practicePelvic infectionsUrogenital prolapseWomen's issues in rehabilitationAssessment of visual impairment and managementCauses of blindness and prevention of blindnessDisability evaluation and rehabilitation of visual impairmentLow vision aidsSpecial education for the visually impairedArtificial larynxAssessment of disorders of deglutition and their managementAssessment of hearing and hearing impairment, management of hearing impairmentAssessment of speech disorders and managementAssessment of vertigo and disequilibrium and managementCare of tracheostomy, nasogastric tubeCochlear implantHearing aidsSpecial education in the field of hearing impairmentAutistic disordersBehavioural disorders in childrenBlood dyscrasias- hemophilia, sickle cell disease, thalassemiaChildhood disabilityCommon congenital and hereditary disorders in childrenDevelopmental delay and cerebral palsyGrowth and developmentIQMental retardationNutritional concerns in childrenSpecial educationHand surgery in Hansen's Disease, Cerebral Palsy, hand contracturesPlastic procedures in obesityPlastic procedures in post-burns contracturesPrinciples and methods of skin grafting, myofascial flap surgery, pedicle graftsPrinciples of reconstructive surgery for correction of deformitiesTendon transfers and repairs in upper and lower limbsAnxiety, DepressionBehavioural disturbances due to organic brain damageIntroduction to counseling, counseling in individuals and organizations, roles and responsibilities of counselors, methods of counseling, application in PMRMemory and disorders of memoryMental status, intelligence and personality assessmentOvert psychopathologic reactions- neurotic, psychotic and sociopathic statesPsychological responses to illness and disabilityAllergic, infective neoplastic, obstructive and restrictive disorders of the respiratory systemCare of the patient on mechanical ventilationHyperbaric Oxygen TherapyMechanical VentilationOxygen Therapy and Long Term Oxygen TherapyCommon diagnostic radiological procedures- Xray, CT, MRI, PETContrast studies and their significanceInterpretation of radiological findings in common diseasesPrinciples of Nuclear Medicine, applications in PMRUltrasonography with emphasis on Musculoskeletal ultrasonographyCancer care in Rehabilitation MedicinePrinciples and practice of palliative carePrinciples of anti-cancer chemotherapyPrinciples of radiation therapyAmputationsBurnsCommon orthopedic injuries and principles of management, plaster techniques, complications of fractures, postsurgical patient, joint replacements, spinal stabilizationCongenital, infective, inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative and neoplastic disorders of bones and jointsHip, knee and foot disordersLife SupportNeurogenic dysfunction of the bowel and its rehabilitationPaediatric orthopedic problems including congenital limb deficienciesPressure InjuriesRehabilitative surgery for the handScoliosisShockWound infections and their managementEvaluation and management of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladderRenal transplantation and rehabilitationSexual dysfunction and rehabilitationUpper and lower urinary tract infections and management
Clinical Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation- part 1
Sec 5
Chest physiotherapyClinical use of massage, manipulation, stretching and tractionDiagnostic applications of physical agentsGeneral principles of therapeutic exercises for muscle strength, endurance, power, motor reeducation, coordination and joint mobility; maintenance of physical fitness through optimum exerciseHistory and scope of the specialty, definitions and terminologyPrescription of exercise therapy and other supportive measuresSetting up a physiotherapy sectionCold as a therapeutic agentHeat- general physiological properties and mode of action as a treatment agent, indications and contraindications, forms of heat therapy- superficial and deep heating including treatment techniques, with emphasis on infrared, hydrocollator, paraffin wax bath, convection heating devices, shortwave diathermy, microwave diathermy and ultrasonic therapyHydrotherapyPrescription of physical modalities and their applications in medical, surgical and gynaecological disordersTherapeutic Electricity- low voltage currents, low and high frequency currents, TENS, Interferential current, electroacupuncture, FESUltraviolet radiation- physiological properties of UVR, mode of application in clinical use with indications, contraindications and side effects
Clinical Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation- part 5
Sec 6
Electrodiagnosis- electrophysiological testing of nerves and muscles- principles and practice
Clinical Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation- part 7
Sec 7
Musculoskeletal ultrasonography and ultrasound guided techniquesVarious injections and injection techniques used in physiatryEvaluation and management of acute and chronic musculoskeletal and neurological pain, chronic pain and chronic pain behaviour, cancer painBracing -indications and preliminary considerations on pre-orthotic preparation and post-orthotic trainingClinical examination of amputees and prescription of prosthesisEquipment necessary for prosthetic and orthotic fabrication, organization of prosthetic and orthotic workshop, minimum requirements for setting up an artificial limb fitting centreGeneral definitions- evolution of the field with emphasis on the Indian sceneImmediate postoperative fitting of prosthesisIndications for amputations, classical amputations, influence of prosthetic technology on amputation techniques, ideal residual limb, residual limb complications and managementMaterials used in prosthetic and orthotic manufactureProsthetic gait and prosthetic gait deviationsRecent advances in amputation surgery and prosthetic science and technology, myoelectric control, computer aided design and manufacture, intelligent prosthesesTypes of common braces and corrective shoes – prescription criteria and check out procedures in fitting- lower extremity, upper extremity and spinal orthosesTypes of lower limb prosthesis, biomechanical considerations, hip, knee and foot mechanics, alignment and fit, check outTypes of upper extremity prosthesis- functional considerations, cosmetic considerationsRecent Advances in Physical Medicine & RehabilitationBowel dysfunction and disabilityBurns rehabilitationCardiovascular impairment and disabilityDisability from cancerGeriatric disabilityMedical emergencies in Rehabilitation MedicineMultiple disabilitiesNeuromuscular disability caused by various neurological diseases with particular emphasis on strokes, traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, anterior horn cell disease, peripheral neuropathies, myopathies, diseases of the neuromuscular junction, problems with posture and balance, disorders of deglutition, speech and communicationObesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidaemia and other lifestyle disordersOrthopaedic and musculoskeletal disability caused by various orthopaedic conditions with emphasis on arthritides, limb amputations, joint deformities, skeletal trauma, various soft tissue syndromes, congenital limb deficiencies, spinal deformities, problems with posture and balance, upper and low back pain, trunk, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee and foot painPulmonary impairment and disabilitySexuality issues in Rehabilitation MedicineUrological impairment and disabilityResearch and Development in Rehabilitation Medicine, computers and AI in rehabilitation, Evidence Based Rehabilitation MedicineEpidemiology of disability, health seeking behaviour, social planning and development, socialization, peer support, environment and health, social groups and leadership, family, community, social psychology, QOL, NGOs in the field of disability, vocational counseling, Sustainable Development Goals and Disability, medical and social work as relevant to Rehabilitation Medicine, urbanization and disability, accessibility, barriers to rehabilitation, Community Based Rehabilitation
The Law and Disability
Sec 8
Law in relation to disability- the PWD Act 1995, the RPWD Act 2016, the RCI Act, the National Trust Act, the rights of persons with disabilities, the GOI guidelines on the evaluation of Permanent Physical Impairment, disability caused by visual impairment, hearing impairment, intellectual disability, mental illness, disability caused by chronic neurological conditions, disability caused by blood disorders, the leprosy cured persons with disabilities, short stature or dwarfism, multiple disabilities, the Mental Health Acts, the Rehabilitation Council of India
Clinical Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation- part 3
Sec 9
Principles of occupational therapy, training in Activities of Daily Living for rehabilitation, self-help devices, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Environmental Control Units, setting up an Occupational Therapy sectionRehabilitation Aids including walking aids, wheelchairs of different types, tricycles, modified vehiclesTransfer and transfer techniques in mobility
Clinical Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation- part 6
Sec 10
Chronic and overuse injuries in sportsEthics of sports medicine and rehabilitationFluid and electrolyte changes in exerciseKnowledge of contact and non-contact sportsManaging medical issues at stadiumsMedical and psychological problems of athletesNon-competitive and competitive sportsNutrition in SportsPerformance below parPhysical fitness training for sports personnelRational and safe use of medications in sportsRehabilitation of the injured athleteSafety management and prevention of sporting trauma, principles of safety equipmentSports for the differently-abledSudden death in sportsThe female athleteThe growing athleteUse and abuse of drugs in sports
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor Microbiology (Medical Education)
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) invites applications for the post of Assistant Professor in Microbiology in Medical Education. Candidates are selected through an online exam, followed by an interview and document verification.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#microbiology#medical-education#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
MODULE 7 APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY & RECENT ADVANCES
Sec 1
Antimicrobial Resistance Detection and Prevention: classification, mechanism of action, detection and reporting drug resistance to antimicrobials (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antimycobacterial and antiparasitic agents).Automation in Microbiology.Emerging and reemerging diseases.Information technology (computers) in microbiology.Investigation of an infectious disease outbreak in hospital and outbreak/epidemic/pandemic in community.Laboratory safety and management.Molecular techniques in the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases.Principles and application of recent technological advances, automation, and application of Artificial Intelligence, nanotechnology, biosensors, bioinformatics, etc. in diagnosis & research in Microbiology.Prophylaxis- Basic Principles and applications of general, immune as well as chemo- prophylaxis of infections in various clinical situations / scenarios.Role of microbes in non-communicable diseases - infectious agents in origin and progression of non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorder and influence of these microbes on mental health.Vaccinology: types of vaccines, principles, methods of preparation of vaccines and administration of vaccines.
MODULE 9 HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Sec 2
Antimicrobial stewardship.Biomedical waste and its management.Concept& application of various biosafety and biosecurity issues in laboratory and patient care including physical, biological containment and standard precautionsHealth care associated Infections - types, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, control and surveillance of health care associated infections.Needle stick injuryVarious methods of sterilization and disinfection and apply them in the laboratory and in patient care.
MODULE 3 BACTERIOLOGY
Sec 3
Any newly emerging bacteriaChlamydiaGram negative bacilli of medical importance including Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrios, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Gardnerella, Pseudomonas and other non-fermenters, Yersinia,,Pasteurella, Francisella, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia and other anaerobic gram negative bacilli etc.Gram negative cocci of medical importance including Neisseria, Moraxella etc.Gram positive bacilli of medical importance including Lactobacillus, Coryneform organisms, Bacillus and aerobic bacilli, Actinomyces, Nocardia, Actinobacillus and other actinomycetales, Erysipelothrix, Listeria, Clostridium and other spore bearing anaerobic bacilli etc.Gram positive cocci of medical importance including Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus,Enterococcus, anaerobic cocci etc.Helicobacter, Campylobacter,Legionella, Calymmatobacterium, Streptobacillus, Spirillum and miscellaneous bacteriaMycobacteriaMycoplasmatales; Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Acholeplasma and other Mycoplasmas.Rickettsiae, Coxiella, Bartonellaetc.Spirochaetes
MODULE 4 MYCOLOGY
Sec 4
Any newly emerging fungiDimorphic fungi including Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides, Sporothrix, Talaromycesmarneffeietc.Fungi causing Mycetism and mycotoxicosisFungi causing Mycetoma, Chromoblatomycosis, OcculomycosisOtomycosis, PhaeohyphomycosisetcLaboratory contaminant fungiLacazialoboi (Loboaloboi)Mycelial fungi of medical importance including Dermatophytes, Aspergillus, Zygomycetes, Pseudallescheria, Fusarium, Piedra, other dematiaceous hyphomycetes and other hyalohyphomycetesetc.Pneumocystis jiroveciiProtothecaPythium insidiosumRinosporidium seeberiYeasts and yeast like fungi of medical importance including Candida, Cryptococcus, Malassezia, Trichosporon, Geotrichum, Saccharomyces etc.
MODULE 6 –PARASITOLOGY
Sec 5
Any newly emerging parasiteEntomology: common arthropods and other vectors viz. mosquito, sand fly, ticks, mite, cyclops, louse, myasis etc.Helminths of medical importance including those belonging to Cestoda (Diphyllobothrium, Taenia, Echinococcus, Hymenolepis, Dipylidium, Multicepsetc.), Trematoda (Schistosomes, Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Gastrodiscoides, Paragonimus, Clonorchis, Opisthorchis etc.) and Nematoda (Ascarislumbrecoides, Ancylostomaduodenale, Enterobiusvermicularis, Trichuristrichiura, Filariasisetc.)Neglected tropical parasitic diseasesProtozoan parasites of medical importance including Entamoeba, Free living amoebae, Giardia, Trichomonas, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Cryptosporidium, CyclosporaIsospora, Babesia, Balantidium, etc.
MODULE 5 VIROLOGY
Sec 6
Any newly emerging virusBacteriophagesDNA viruses of medical importance including Pox viruses, Herpes viruses, Adeno viruses, Hepadna virus, Papova and Parvo viruses etcOncogenic virusesRNA viruses of medical importance including Picorna viruses, Toga viruses, Flavi viruses, Orthomyxo viruses, Paramyxo viruses, Reo viruses, Rhabdo viruses, Arena viruses, Bunya viruses, Retro viruses, Filo viruses, Human immunodeficiency virus, Arbo viruses, Corona viruses, Calci viruses etc.Slow viruses including prionsUnclassified virusesViriods
MODULE 1 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 7
Application of molecular biology techniques in the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases.Basic principles of bacterial genetics and applications of molecular techniques in medical microbiology.Emerging infectious diseases with strategies for their identification and control.Epidemiology of common infectious diseases, host-parasite relationship and their significance.Historical events and developments in microbiologyMicrobiological surveillance including patient screening methods, organism typing and genome sequencing methodologies.Nomenclature, classification, morphology, growth requirements, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of different bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi.Normal flora microbes, including Microbiome in health and diseaseType, mechanism of action and applications of microbial toxins, other virulence factors & microbial products like BacteriocinsTypes & mechanism of action of Antimicrobial agents, their pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics, along with mechanism of drug resistance.Types and applications of Bacteriophages in diagnostic and therapeutic of infectionsVarious methods of isolation, identification and preservation of microbes in laboratory.Various types of microscopes and microscopic techniques used in diagnostic microbiology.
MODULE 10 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
Sec 8
BioterrorismDiagnostic test evaluationManagement of experimental animalsMicrobiology of air, water and food in patient care both in community/ hospital setting.National Health programmes for communicable diseasesPandemic managementPrinciples& implementation of animal and human ethics involved in diagnostics and research in MicrobiologyQuality assurance, quality control and accreditation in diagnostic microbiology.Quantification in MicrobiologyStatistical analysis of microbiological data and research methodology.Use of information technology (LIS, WHO NET etc.) in microbiology laboratory effectively.
MODULE 2 IMMUNOLOGY
Sec 9
Complement system and its role in health and disease.Describe the structure and function of the immune system, immunological mechanisms in health and response of the host immune system to infections. (Innate and acquired immunity, Cells involved in immune response, Antigens, Immunoglobulins, Mucosal immunity, Cell mediated immunity, Cytokines, MHC complex, Immune tolerance)Immunological mechanisms of transplantation and tumor immunity.Mechanism/s and significance of immune-potentiation and immune-modulation.Mechanism/s in immunological disorders (hypersensitivity, autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency states) and the laboratory methods used in their diagnosis including measurement of immunological parametersRole of animals in immunology.Types & principles of antigen and antibody reactions and immunological techniques used in diagnostic microbiology as well as in research.Types, techniques and advances in the development and applications of vaccines including UIP and immunotherapy and reverse vaccinology.
MODULE 8 CLINICAL / SYSTEMIC MICROBIOLOGY
Sec 10
Discuss in depth about the etiological agents, source, transmission, host-parasite interaction, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, epidemiology, national, international guidelines in the situations/ scenario given below:Elicit relevant history, interpret laboratory results with clinic-microbiological correlation and develop diagnostic and treatment algorithms.Infections in special situations/ scenario -Tropical, Travel related, Emerging/ Remerging Infectious diseases seen commonly, agents of bioterrorism etc.Infections of various organs and systems of the human bodyMicrobiological basis of infective syndromes as per the source/risk e.g. Blood borne, sexually transmitted infections congenital, vector borne, food, air & water borne, zoonotic, laboratory acquired, occupational infections etc.Microbiological basis of infective syndromes of various organs and systems of human body viz. CVS and blood, Respiratory Tract Infections, Urinary Tract Infections, Central Nervous System infections, Reproductive Tract Infections, Gastrointestinal Tract infections, Hepatobiliary System, Skin and Soft tissue infections, Musculoskeletal system, infections of Eye, Ear and Nose etc)Opportunistic Infections in special and high risk host eg Pregnancy, neonates, geriatrics, diabetics, immunocompromised host for any reason, patients with Implants/Devices, dialysis etc,
Medical
100 Marks
Medical Officer (Ayurveda)
This examination is for the direct recruitment of Medical Officers (Ayurveda) in the Indian Systems of Medicine department under the Kerala Public Service Commission (Kerala PSC).
120m
10s
#kerala-psc#ayurveda#medical#direct-recruitment#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
MODULE 2 Agadathanthra and dravyagunavijnan
Sec 1
Agadatantra: Identification savishadamsha- first aid for sarpadamsha-concept of dushivisha, gara and their management-vishasankad-pathyaapathya in visha-stavaravisha- pratyoushadhas for stavaravisha-indications and composition of vilvadi gutika-dushivisharigutika, dashangaagada- neelidaladikashaya, nileetulasyadikashaya- sigrupunarna vadi, eladi, lodhradi yoga. Forensic medicine, medical juris prudence, Introduction to Indian penal code, Indian evidence act and, criminal procedure code, laws in relation to medical practitioners, maintainance of medical record.Dravyagunavijnan: Introduction, Definition & scope of Pharmacology and Principles of general Pharmacology. Brief Knowledge about pharmacology of the following - Anesthetics, CNS depressants, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Tranquilizers, Antipyretics, Analgesics, Antiepileptics, Antihypertensive, Antianginal, Antiplatelet, Hypolipidemic, Haemopoietic, Coagulants, Bronchodilators, Aerosols/ Inhalants, Expectorants, Digestants, Carminatives, Antacids, Antiulcer, Laxatives, Antidiarrhoeals, Antiemetic, Hepatoprotective, Diuretic, Antidiuretic, Lithotriptic, Antiinflammatory, Hormonal therapy, Antiobesity, Antidiabetic, Antithyroid, Galactagogues, Contraceptives, Antihistamines, Antimicrobial, Antibiotics, Antimalarial, Amoebicidal, Antifilarial, Anthelmentic, Antifungal, Vitamins, Minerals, Water imbalance and IV fluids, Vaccines, antivenom, antirabbies serum, Local anti septics, drugs in ophthalmic practice, Anti cancer drugs and immunomodulators.
MODULE 3 Rasasastra and Bhaishajyakalpana
Sec 2
Arishtas: takrarishta, abhayarishtam, ayaskriti, lohasavam, draksharishta, asokarishtam, dasamoolarishtam, kumaryasavam, chandanasavamBrief introduction of Drug and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945.Churnas: taleesapatradi, kalyanakshara, ashtachurna, hinguvachadi, vaisvanara, navayasa, narayana, shaddharana, avalgujabeejadi, avipathi, dadimashtakamGhritas:pippalyadi, vrishaghrita, shadpala, rasnadi, dhanvatnara, sukumara, tiktaka, mahatiktaka, vajraka, guggulutiktaka, indukantha, dadimadi, misrakasneha, brahmighrita, Kalyanaka, panchagavya.Guidelines and Methods of collection, storage, preservation of Aushadhi dravya. Concept of Saviryatavadhi (shelf life) and stability in ancient and contemporary science. Bheshajaprayogavidhi: Aushadha Matra, Anupana and sahapan and Aushadh sevan kaala.Gutikas:manduravatakam, arogyavardhini, suryaprabha, chandraprabha, laxmivilasa, swasakudara rasam, vettumaran, yogaraja guggulu, kaisoragu guggulu, kanchanara guggulu.Lehyas: agastyarasyana, amritaprasa, kushmandarasayana, drakshadi, dasamulahareethaki, manibhadragula, kalyanaka gula.Panchavidha kashaya kalpana and Other kalpana: Kashaya Yoni, Swarasa, Kalka, Kwatha, Hima and Phanta, Pramathya, Aushadha siddha paniya, Tandulodaka, Laksha rasa, Mantha, Panaka, Arka, Churna, Rasakriya, Ghana, Phanita, Avaleha, Gudapaka, Syrups, Ksheerapaka, Satva, Guggulu kalpana, Vati, Varti, Preparation of Tablets, pills, capsule and Suppositories. Masi kalpana, Lavana kalpana, Kshara kalpana and Kshara sutra.Classification of dhumapana. Method of preparation of dhumvarti and it's therapeutic uses.Classification of Nasya.Dhupan: Vranadhupan, arshodhupan.Mukhaprayogarth kalpana - Gandoosha - Kavala - Pratisaran, Tooth paste, Tooth powders and Mouth wash.Netropacharartha kalpana (Opthalmic preparations) - Seka, Drava, Pindi, Anjana Ashchyotana Tarpana Putapaka and Vidalaka. Methods of preparation of eye drops, eye ointments.Vasti kalpana- Classification, Method of preparation of Niruha and Anuvasana vasti, Therapeutic properties and uses of vasti.Principles and precautions for preparation of formulations for following:Symptoms of improper use of rasaushadhis, its management, pathya and apathya during the use of rasa drugs, quality control, standardization and GMP of rasaushadhis.Tailas: sahacharadi, balatailam, ksheerabala, pindataila, madhuyashtyadi, pippalyadi.Yogaparichaya: Indications and composition of the following compound drugs kashayas:shadanga, drakshadi, trayantyadi, sahacharadi. amritotharam, bharngyadi, chiruvilvadi, elakanadi. dasamulakatutrayam, ashtavargam, prasaranyadi, dhanadanayanadi, rasnerandadi,. gandharvahastadi, rasonadi, saptasaram, nisakatakadi, brihatyadi, punarnavadi, manjishatadi, nayaopayam, vasaguluchyadi, rasnasaptakam, rasnapanchakam, various ganas mentioned in Ashtangahridaya sutrastana 15th Chapter.
MODULE 1 Basic principles of Ayurveda and Swasthavritha
Sec 3
Basic Principles of Ayurveda: Guna&karma of doshas-five types of doshas-lakshanas of vridhi and kshaya of doshas, dhauts and malas, concept of ama, symptoms samadoshas, treatment principles of samadoshas, doshopakramaneeya (treatment principles of vata, pitha and kapha), dvividhopakramneeyadefinition and symptoms of karshya and staulya, treatment principles and relevant yogas, Principles of dravyagunavijnana, concept of rasa- guna-virya-vipaka-prabhava- their utility in chikitsa- Theory of Panchabhutas- its clinical applicationSwasthavritha: Definition of swastha, Arogya lakshana, WHO definition of health, dinacharya, ritucharya, thrayopasthambam, yoga, Nisargopacharam, Samajikaswasthavritha
MODULE 5 KAYACHIKITSA
Sec 4
Detailed study of all the diseases (both kaya and manoroga) and treatment based on kayachikitsa syllabus.
MODULE 10 Prasoothithantra, Kaumarabhrutya
Sec 5
Endometriosis, fibroid uterus, pelvic inflammatory diseases, infertility-causes, types, investigation, managementKaumarabhruthya-milestones of develpement during infancy and childhood, normal requirements of nutrients, knowledge of national health programmes related to child health care, general paediatric drug dose.Menopause-syndrome, management-formulation,phalasarpi, pushyanuga choornaMenstrual disorders-Arthava kshaya, vridhi, abnormal utrine bleeding.Soothika paricharya, soothika jwara, sthanyadushti, sthanyakshaya, sthanyavridhi-their causes, clinical features and treatment, Emergency care in obstetrics.Yoni vyapat-Nidana, lakshana, upadrava, chikitsa.
MODULE 7 Panchakarma
Sec 6
Importance of panchakarma-arhanarha, administration, samyakyoga, heenayoga, atiyoga of snehana, svedana, vamana, virechana, nasya, niruha, anuvasana and utharavasti- types of each of these modalitiesvyapath and their management-therapeutic use of gandusha, dhuma, kabala, aschyodana, anjana and putapka-different modalities of murdhataila and their indications, procedure and samyakyoga- various yogas used in panchakarma.
MODULE 6 Rasayana and Vajeekarana
Sec 7
Importance of rasayana-types- purvakarmas-compound drugs in rasayana (as per Ashtangahridya) and their indications-use of tipahala, chitraka, bhallathaka, tuvaraka, pippali, somaraji, lashuna, silajathu, haritaki, asvagandha, tila and punarnava as rasayana-medhyarasayanas, achararasayan, indications of brahmarasayana, chyavanaprasam, abhayamalakarasayana, narasimharasyana-definition and benefits of vajeekarana- definition of vrishyadravyas- single drugs and diet in vajeekarana-vajeekarana recipes- interpretation of semen analysis-male infertility.
MODULE 8 SALYATANTRA
Sec 8
Marmas and their classification- indications, modalities, procedure, samyakyoga, vyapath(with management) of raktamoksha-nidanapanchaka and treatment of vriddhi, vidradhi, arshas, asmari, sadyovrana and dushtavrana, principles of wound healing-burns, boil, abscess, carbuncle, cellulitis, erysipelas and their management- indications and composition of guggulupanchapala, murivenna, nagaradilepa.
MODULE 9 SALAKYATANTRA
Sec 9
Nidana lakshanasamucchaya samprapi chikitsatatva and treatment of different nethrarogas, karnarogas, nasarogas, mukharogas and sirorogas- common compound and single drugs used in salakyatantra.
MODULE 4 Nidana
Sec 10
Nidana-purvarupa-lakshanasamucchaya-samprapti and vyadhayavasta of jvara, raktapitha, kasa, svasa, rajayakshma, cchardi, hridroga, trishna, atisara, grahani, mutraghata, prameha, gulma, udara, panduroga, sopha, visarpa, kushta, svitra, krimi, vatavyadhi, vatasonitha, unmada and apasmara -Diagnosis and Ayurvedic treatment of current epidemic fevers- Normal values and interpretation of blood routine examination-blood examination for liver function-renal function-thyroid function -ECG, X-ray, USG, CT scan, MRI.
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Medical Gastroenterology
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) invites applications for the post of Assistant Professor in Medical Gastroenterology in Medical Education.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#assistant-professor#gastroenterology#doctor
Syllabus Explorer
Pancreas
Sec 1
Acute and Chronic pancreatitisEndoscopic treatment of pancreatic diseasesHereditary, Familial, Genetic disorders of pancreas and Pancreatic disorders of childhoodPancreatic Neoplasms and Cancer
Liver
Sec 2
Alcoholic liver diseasesCirrhosisDrug induced liver diseasesEndoscopic and Radiologic treatment of biliary diseaseGB polyps, adenomyomatosis, Acalculous biliary pain and cholecystitisHepatic encephalopathyHepatopulmonary Syndrome and systemic complications of liver diseaseHepatorenal syndromeInfections including Liver abscessesInherited Metabolic diseases – Wilsons, HemochromatosisLiver function testsLiver physiologyLiver Transplantation - Indications, Evaluation and listing, surgical aspects and immunosuppression, Long term managementNon alcoholic fatty liver diseasesPortal hypertension and complications including variceal bleeding, ascites and Spontaneous Bacterial peritonitisPrimary biliary Cirrhosis, Autoimmune HepatitisVascular diseases of liver including EHPVO, Budd Chiari, PVT, SOS,HHT.Viral Hepatitis – including A, B, C,D,E and non hepatotropic viruses
Esophagus
Sec 3
Anatomy, histology and Developmental anomaliesBarretts esophagusEsophageal disorders caused by medications, trauma and infectionsGERDNeuromuscular function and Motility disordersTumours of esophagus
Recent advances in Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Sec 4
Artifical IntelligenceGeneticsLatest Gastroenterology and Hepatology guidelinesNewer imaging modalitiesRecent advances in Endoscopy
Biliary tract
Sec 5
Biliary tract motor function and dysfunctionEnterohepatic secretionGallstone disease and managementPrimary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Recurrent Pyogenic CholangitisTumours of Biliary tract
Basic sciences
Sec 6
Biology of the GI tract – including cellular growth and neoplasiaEnteric microbiotaGI hormones and neurotransmittersMucosal immunity and inflammation
Small and large intestines
Sec 7
Celiac diseaseColonic motor and sensory function and dysfunctionColonic polyps, Tumours and CancersDigestion and absorption of Macro and micronutrientsFood poisoningIBD- Pathophysiology and managementIleostomy, Colostomy and PouchesInfectious enteritis and proctocolitis, antibiotic induced diarrhoea, Intestinal worms and protozoaIntestinal electrolyte absorption and secretionIntestinal Obstruction, Pseudoobstruction and IleusIrritable Bowel SyndromeMaldigestion and MalabsorptionShort Bowel syndromeSmall Bowel Bacterial OvergrowthTropical diarrhoea and malabsorptionWhipple disease
Common GI diseases and Biopsychosocial issues
Sec 8
Diarrhoea and constipationDiseases involving multiple organs -oral and cutaneous manifestations of GI diseasesDisorders of the gut brain axisDiverticuliDyspepsiaEosinophilic disorders of GI tractFactitious GI diseasesForeign Bodies and BezoarsGI and hepatic manifestations of systemic diseasesGI bleedGI consequences of HIV infectionGI lymphomasGISTJaundice and fecal incontinenceMalingering and Somatic symptom disordersNausea and vomitingNETPregnancy related GI and Hepatic diseasesPreparation and Complications of GI EndoscopySymptoms and signs of common GI issues including approach to Abdominal pain
Nutrition in Gastroenterology
Sec 9
Eating disorders and Food allergiesManagement of nutritionObesity and its management (including Surgical and endoscopic treatment)Principles of nutritional assessment
Stomach and Duodenum
Sec 10
Gastric tumors and adenocarcinomaGastritis, Peptic ulcer diseaseH Pylori infection- Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor (Psychiatry) (Medical Education)
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) recruits for the post of Assistant Professor in Psychiatry in the Medical Education Department. Candidates are required to have an MD/DNB in Psychiatry and one year of experience as a Senior Resident.
75m
14s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#psychiatry#medical-education#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
Affective disorders
Sec 1
Affective disorders
Psychology, death, dying, bereavement, child development (embryo, fetus, infant, child, adolescence, adulthood, late adulthood), important persons who contributed to psychosocial sciences (Jean Piaget,), attachment theory, learning theories, sociology and ethology, anthropology and cultural psychiatry, theories of personality and psychopathology, Freud, Erik Erikson
Sec 2
Anthropology and cultural psychiatryAttachment theoryBereavementadolescenceadulthoodchildembryofetusinfantlate adulthoodDeathDyingJean PiagetLearning theoriesPsychologySociology and ethologyErik EriksonFreud
Anxiety disorders, OCD and Reaction to Stress
Sec 3
Anxiety disordersOCDReaction to Stress
Psychopharmacology and other Biological therapies (Electroconvulsive therapy, rTMS etc)
Sec 4
Electroconvulsive therapyrTMSPsychopharmacology
Epidemiology and biostatistics, Community Psychiatry and Rehabilitation
Sec 5
BiostatisticsCommunity PsychiatryEpidemiologyRehabilitation
Basic Science – functional and behavioural
Sec 6
Brain and BehaviourDevelopment of the BrainElectrophysiologyNeuroanatomyNeurochemistryNeurogenesisNeuroimagingNeurophysiologyPsychoneuroendocrinologyPsychoneuroimmunology
Child Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry, Women and Mental Health
Sec 7
Child PsychiatryGeriatric PsychiatryWomen and Mental Health
Somatoform disorders and Dissociative Disorders, Psychosomatic disorders
Sec 8
Dissociative DisordersPsychosomatic disordersSomatoform disorders
Sleep disorders, Sexual dysfunction and Eating disorders
Sec 9
Eating disordersSexual dysfunctionSleep disorders
Ethics and Forensic Psychiatry
Sec 10
Ethics and Forensic Psychiatry
Organic brain syndromes (delirium, dementia and other amnestic and cognitive disorders), Mental disorders due to General Medical Condition, Substance Use Disorders, Personality Disorders
Sec 11
Mental disorders due to General Medical Conditionamnestic and cognitive disordersdeliriumdementiaPersonality DisordersSubstance Use Disorders
Psychiatric Emergencies
Sec 12
Psychiatric Emergencies
Psychotherapy
Sec 13
Psychotherapy
Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders
Sec 14
Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders
Medical
100 Marks
Rehabilitation Technician Grade II
The Rehabilitation Technician Grade II examination is conducted by the Kerala Public Service Commission for recruitment to posts in Health Services. It consists of objective type OMR based questions, evaluating candidates based on their minimum educational qualification. [3, 4, 5, 7, 8]
90m
5s
#kerala-psc#rehabilitation-technician#health-services#medical#prosthetics-orthotics
Syllabus Explorer
Basic Clinical Science
Sec 1
Basic biomechanicsIntroduction to anatomy, surface anatomy, muscular system {different types of muscles and attachment, nerve and blood supply, action (lower extremity) some for Upper Extremity trunk and Abdomen and spine)Skeletal systemBasic knowledge of Physical therapy/Occupational TherapyBasic understanding of Human locomotion & GaitCBR Concept in Rehabilitation, Govt. Schemes for rehabilitation and concretion to handicapped.Introduction to Physical Medicine & RehabilitationDigestive system, Mechanism of DefecationIntroduction to physiology, circulatory system, cardiac system – heart and its function blood pressure – pulse, control of heat.Nervous system – Chief tracts – reflex action – Postural Reflex –Peripheral Nervous system.Respiratory system & structure of lungs – mechanism of respirationUrinary system, Mechanism of micturitionChronic Arthritis – Neuropathic Arthritis – Metabolic Disease – Rickets –AvitaminosisCongenital and acquired deformitiesDisease of Nervous system – Poliomyelitis Obstetrical paralysis – spastic paralysis Hemiplegia Paraplegia - Pyogenic Infection – LeprosyDisorders: Paralysis pain and deformities of spine foot and Upper Extremity.Examination of stump skin condition, sensation, contractures deformities,etc.Introduction to Surgery & Orthopaedics, various levels of Amputation, both Upper Extremity & Lower Extremity
Prosthetics
Sec 2
Crutches, Canes and Sticks: Measurements, Strength, types etc.Walkers/other mobility aids: Measurements types, design, strengthWheel Chairs & Tricycle: Types, design, strength and special purpose wheel chair/TricycleMeasurement – Casting – impressionsNomenclature and knowledge of different type of prosthesis their purpose of giving and checkupSelection of components, assembly, alignment, check-up of different type of ProsthesisMeasurement – Casting – impressionsNomenclature and knowledge of different type of prosthesis their purpose of giving and checkupSelection of components, assembly, alignment, check-up of different type of Prosthesis
General Knowledge
Sec 3
Know about disability, handicap and acts for persons with disabilitiesEthics of Rehabilitation Professionals and PersonalsNational Trust ActRPwD ActCentral Rehabilitation RegisterClassifications and approved corsesPractice as Rehabilitation Professional and PersonalRehabilitation Council of India ActImplementation manual of WHO standardsLevels of Prosthetic ServiceWHO standards of Prosthetics and Orthotics
Workshop Practice, Machines, Tools and Material
Sec 4
Hand tools like screw drivers, files, clamps, etc.Knowledge of operating and maintenance of different machines required in Limb Fitting Centres, such as Sewing machines, Ortho-vac, Grinders, Drill Machines, etc.Material used in Orthotics & Prosthetics such as Plastics, wood, aluminum, iron, rubber, foam, leather, etc.Special purpose toolsWorkshop safety and first aid
Orthotics
Sec 5
Measurement – Casting – impressionsNomenclature and knowledge of different type of orthosis their purpose of giving and check-upOrthotics Lower Extremity, Deformities, disorders and pains in lower extremity.Selection of components, assembly, alignment, check-up of different type of orthosisDeformities, disorders and pains in upper extremity.Measurement – Casting – impressionsNomenclature and knowledge of different type of orthosis their purpose of giving and check-upOrthotics Upper ExtremitySelection of components, assembly, alignment, check-up of different type of orthosisDeformities, disorders and painsMeasurement – Casting – impressionsNomenclature and knowledge of different type of orthosis their purpose of giving and check-upSelection of components, assembly, alignment, check-up of different type of orthosisSpinal Orthotics
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor (Genito Urinary Surgery (Urology))
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) invites applications for the post of Assistant Professor in Genito Urinary Surgery (Urology) in Medical Education.
120m
14s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#urology#medical-education#genito-urinary-surgery
Syllabus Explorer
RENAL FAILURE
Sec 1
Acute and chronic renal failureObstructive uropathyRenal transplantation
ADRENAL GLAND
Sec 2
Adrenal diseases, evaluation and managementAdrenal imaging
BASIC SCIENCES
Sec 3
Anatomy of genitourinary tractDevelopment of genitourinary tractRenal physiologyUrinary tract imaging
PAEDIATRIC UROLOGY
Sec 4
Congenital anomalies of genitourinary tract, evaluation and management
ANDROLOGY
Sec 5
Erectile dysfunctionMale infertilitypriapism
Urinary stone disease
Sec 6
Etiology, pathogenesis,evaluation,management
Laparoscopy and robotic surgery in urology
Sec 7
Laparoscopy and robotic surgery in urology
URO ONCOLOGY
Sec 8
Molecular genetics and cancer biology of genitourinary cancersPenile cancersProstate cancerRenal tumoursTesticular tumoursUrinary bladder tumours
NEUROUROLOGY
Sec 9
Neurogenic bladderUrinary incontinenceurodynamics
BPH
Sec 10
Pathology, clinical features, evaluation, medical management, minimally invasive management, surgical management
Recent advances in urology
Sec 11
Recent advances in urology
Trauma to genitourinary tract
Sec 12
Stricture urethra
FEMALE UROLOGY
Sec 13
Urinary tract fistulaeUrological complications in pregnancy
Urinary tract infections and tuberculosis of genitourinary tract
Sec 14
Urinary tract infections and tuberculosis of genitourinary tract
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Pharmacology
The Kerala PSC Assistant Professor in Pharmacology exam recruits qualified candidates for the Medical Education Department. The selection process includes a written test and an interview.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#pharmacology#medical-education#postgraduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
MODULE II - AUTONOMIC AND NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
Sec 1
Adrenergic and cholinergic neurohumoral transmission and drugs modulating it.Cholinergic agonists and antagonists, Neuromuscular blockers, Ganglion blockers, Adrenergic agonists and antagonistsCNS stimulants, Analeptics, Cognition enhancers.Drugs of abuse and Drug dependence.Local AnestheticsNeurotransmitters of Central Nervous system, Sedative hypnotics, Alcohol, General anesthetics and Preanesthetic medication, Antiepileptic drugs, AntiParkinsonian drugs, Drugs for other neurodegenerative disorders.Psychopharmacology (Antipsychotic drugs, Antidepressants, Lithium, Anti anxiety drugs)
MODULE IV - ENDOCRINE PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 2
Adrenocorticosteroids and Adrenocortical antagonistsAgents that affect bone mineral homeostasis.Androgens, Oestrogens, Progestins and their antagonists.Drugs for Contraception, Drugs for infertility, Drugs acting on uterus.Endocrine Pancreas and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia.Hypothalamus and Pituitary hormones.Thyroid and Antithyroid drugs
MODULE 1 - GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 3
Adverse drug reactions and PharmacovigilanceDefinitions, Nature & source of drugs, Classification and Nomenclature of drugs, Essential drug concept, Rational drug use, Fixed drug combinations, Evidence based medicine.Dosage forms, Routes of drug administration, New drug delivery systems.Drug discovery - From Medicinal plants to Computer aided drug designDrug InteractionsDrug therapy in extremes of age and in special situationsPharmacodynamics – Drug receptors, Molecular mechanisms of drug action, factors modifying drug action, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Therapeutic index.Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, Gene therapy, Chronopharmacology, Orphan drugs, Over the counter drugs, Generic drugs.Pharmacokinetics - Membrane transporters, Drug absorption, Distribution, Biotransformation, Excretion, Kinetics of Elimination.Phases of clinical trial and official regulations, Good clinical practice.
MODULE VII - CHEMOTHERAPY OF MALIGNANCY
Sec 4
Antibodies, CAR T cells and protein to treat cancerGeneral principles, Alkylating agents, Platinum coordination complexes, AntimetabolitesHormones and Hormone related agents in treatment of cancer.Metronomic chemotherapyNatural products in cancer chemotherapy, Anticancer AntibioticsProtein kinase inhibitors and pathway- targeted small molecules
MODULE VI - ANTIMICROBIALS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
Sec 5
Antifungal drugs, Antiviral and Antiretroviral drugsAntimalarial drugs, Anthelmintic drugsAntimycobacterial drugs (including TB, Leprosy)Antiprotozoal drugs (including Antiamoebic drugs)Beta lactam antibiotics (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactam)General principles of antimicrobial therapySulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Cotrimoxazole, FluoroquinolonesTetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Lincosamides, Glycopeptide and polypetide antimicrobials, Streptogramins, Oxazolidinones, Pleuromutilins and other miscellaneous antimicrobials.Treatment of COVID 19Treatment of Sexually transmitted diseases.Treatment of Urinary tract infection, Urinary antiseptics
MODULE III - CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL PHARMACOLOGY, DRUGS ACTING ON BLOOD
Sec 6
Antihypertensive drugs, Anti anginal drugs and treatment of Myocardial infarction.Coagulants, Anticoagulants, Styptics, Antiplatelet drugs, Fibrinolytics and Antifibrinolytics.Diuretics and AntidiureticsDrug treatment of Shock and Peripheral Vascular disease.Drugs for treatment of Heart failure, Anti Arrhythmic drugs.Hematinics and Hematopoietic growth factors.Treatment of Dyslipidemias
MODULE VIII - MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
Sec 7
Antiseptics, Disinfectants, EctoparasiticidesDermatological PharmacologyDrug treatment of Obesity.Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction.Immune System, Immunostimulants and ImmunosuppressantsOccupational and Environmental pesticides, Food adulterants, Pollutants, Insect repellents, Herbal medicines, Dietary supplements, NutraceuticalsOcular Pharmacology (including treatment of Glaucoma)Toxicology - Drug treatment of poisonings, Heavy metal Poisonings and chelating agentsVaccines, Antisera and Immunoglobulins.Vitamins, Minerals, Antioxidants and Enzymes in therapy.
MODULE IX - EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY, BIOASSAY, STATISTICS
Sec 8
CCSEA, Composition and functions of Institutional animal ethics committee, Good laboratory practice, Ethics in animal research.Common laboratory animals, Anesthetics used in animals, Physiological salt solutions, Levers used in animal experiments, Care and handling of laboratory animals, Types and methods of breeding, Restraining of animals and blood collection techniques, Methods of euthanasia, Toxicity studies, Drug screening methodsDose response curve, Cumulative Dose response curveRecombinant DNA technology, HPLC, PCR, Other Instruments used in animal experiments.Bioassay, Immunoassay, ELISAStatistics
MODULE V – GASTROINTESTINAL AND RESPIRATORY PHARMACOLOGY, INFLAMMATION, AUTACOIDS
Sec 9
Drug treatment of Constipation and Diarrhoea.Drug treatment of CoughDrug treatment of Peptic Ulcer, Gastroesophageal reflux disease.Emetics and AntiemeticsHistamine, Serotonin and their antagonists, Ergot alkaloids, Prostaglandins, LeuKotrienes, Platelet activating factor, Plasma kinins, Thromboxane and related compoundsInflammatory bowel disease, Irritable bowel syndrome, Biliary and Pancreatic disordersNitric oxide and Vasoactive Peptides.Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, Treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis and GoutTreatment of Bronchial Asthma and Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease
MODULE X - RECENT ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY
Sec 10
Ethnopharmacology, Ecopharmacology, Reverse pharmacology, Photopharmacology, Drug repositioning, Biosimilars, Hemovigilance, Cosmetovigilance, Materiovigilance, Therapeutic audit, Pharmacoeconomics, Pharmacoepidemiology, Drug utilization studies, Drug information services, Translational pharmacology, Antibiotic stewardship...Recent trends in treatment of various diseases, Pharmacology of Newer drugs
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in General Medicine
The Kerala Public Service Commission recruits eligible candidates for the post of Assistant Professor in General Medicine in the Medical Education Department.
75m
20s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#general-medicine#medical-education#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
Respiratory System
Sec 1
Approach to a patient of respiratory system involvement, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases, bronchoscopy, imaging studies, pulmonary angiography, therapeutic interventions: pulmonary artery embolisation/ video assisted thoracic surgery/ thoracotomy/ mediastinoscopy, diseases of the upper airway including avian influenza, bronchial asthma, occupational lung diseases, pneumoconioses, organic dusts & environmental carcinogens, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, obstructive airways diseases, interstitial lung diseases, diseases of the pleura: effusion/ pneumothorax/ empyema/ haemothorax, air pollution, respiratory failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), mechanical ventilation, mediastinal diseases, infections including tuberculosis, tumors, primary and metastatic carcinomas, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, eosinophilic pneumonias, pulmonary hypertension, sleep apnea, pulmonary thromboembolism, lung transplant.
Emergency Medicine
Sec 2
Basic and advanced life support, disaster management, use and maintenance of equipment used in life support, acute sever asthma, status epilepticus, poisonings, heart failure, shock, acute myocardial infarction, angina, arrhythmias, hypertensive emergencies, medical emergencies in pregnancy, gastro-intestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, acute gastroenteritis, hemoptyses, obstructive airways disease, tension pneumothorax, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, corpulmonale, stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, oliguria/ anuria, coma, pneumonia, meningitis, infections, sepsis syndromes, multi-organ failure, bleeding manifestations, endocrine emergencies, electric shock, poisonings, snakebite, scorpion stings, anaphylaxis, nuclear/ biological/ chemical exposures, toxidromes, rabies, burns, strangulation, interventions and procedures: mechanical ventilation/ temporary cardiac pacing/ invasive monitoring/ needle and tube thoracostomy/ cricothyrotomy.
Hematology
Sec 3
Bleeding & coagulation disorders: Approach and investigations in patients with bleeding disorders, hemophilia, von willebrand's disease, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, vascular purpuras, henochschonlein purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, anticoagulant and anti-platelet therapy.Miscellaneous: Approach to a patient with thrombosis, blood groups, transfusion related diseases, blood transfusion reactions, blood component therapy,hematological manifestations of systemic diseases, drug induced hematological disorders, hypersplenism, chemotherapy, bone narrow transplantation, thrombophilias, platelet function disorders, estimation of hemoglobin/ total and differential white cell count/ erythrocyte sedimentation rate, preparation and staining of blood smears.Red cell disorders: Approach to a patient with anemia, nutritional, iron deficiency, aplastic, megaloblastic, haemolytic anemia, (special emphasis on thalassemia &sickle cell anemia), hereditary spherocytosis, and anemia of chronicdisease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuina, myelodysplastic syndromes, iron overload, and sideroblastic anaemias.White cell disorders: Eosinophilia, febrile neutropenia, approach to a patient with splenomegaly & lymphadenopathy, lymphomas, multiple myeloma & related plasma cell disorders, leukemias, hairy cell leukemia.
Disorders Bone & Mineral Metabolism
Sec 4
Calcium and phosphorous homeostasis, parathroid gland disorders, vitamin-D in health & disease, metabolic bone disease, osteoprosis, osteomalacia, endocrine hormonal influences on bone metabolism, phosphorus metabolism, hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphatemia, disorders of magnesium metabolism, Paget's disease of bone, osteomyelitis, bone dysplasias, osteoarthritis, spondylosis, bone in systemic diseases.
Critical Care
Sec 5
Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, non-invasive and invasive cardiovascular monitoring, circulatory failure, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, respiratory failure, pulmonary aspiration, nosocomial pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, toxicology, renal failure, status epilepticus, Guillian Barre syndrome, myaesthenia, use of blood products, intravenous immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, hyperthermia, hypothermia, diabetic ketoacidosis, addisonian crisis, myxedema coma, endotracheal intubation, pacemakers, strokes, subarachnoid haemorrhage, near-drowning, circulatory and ventilatory support in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, obstructive airways disease, renal replacement therapy.
Fluid & Electrolyte
Sec 6
Choice of intravenous fluids, plasma expanders, potassium/ calcium/ sodium/ magnesium/ phosphate disorders, acid base balance and disorders.
Poisonings
Sec 7
Diagnosis and management of specific and unknown poisonings, universal & specific antidotes, acids and alkalis, kerosene, petroleum products, organophosphates and carbamates, household disinfectants, mosquito repellants, aluminium phosphide, zinc phosphide, yellow phosphorus, heavy metals, paracetamol, barbiturates, snake and scorpion bites, botulism, drug over-dosages, international classification of poisonous chemicals, environmental hazards and poisonings, industrial toxicology, toxidromes, nuclear, biological, chemical warfare.
Endocrine
Sec 8
Disorders of adrenal cortex: Regulation of secretion of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids & adrenal sex hormones, adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma.Disorders of anterior pituitary: Anatomy & physiology of various hormones & their regulation, acromegaly, gigantism, sheehan's syndrome.Disorders of glucose metabolism: Glucose metabolism, physiology of insulin & glucagon secretion, glucose tolerance test, diabetes mellitus, insulin preparations, hypoglycemia, glycosuria of causes other than diabetes mellitus, glucagon secreting tumors.Disorders of posterior pituitary: Anatomy and physiology, diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion, obesity.Miscellaneous: Dwarfism, Frohlich's syndrome, Lawrence Moon Biedel syndrome, anorexia nervosa & bulimia, hypothalmus in health & disease, Conn's disease, gynaecomastia, non-puerperal galactorrhoea, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, hirsutism, adreno-genital syndromes, disorders of sexual differentiation.Thyroid gland & its disorders: Iodine metabolism, anatomy & physiology of thyroid gland, thyroid function tests, goiter, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, myxedema, cretinism, thyroid carcinoma, other rare syndromes of thyroid dysfunction.
Cardio-Vascular System
Sec 9
ECG & it's interpretation, diagnosis of arrhythmias & their management,ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart diseases, heart failure, pericardial diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, deep vein thrombosis, cardiomyopathies, principles of echocardiography & abnormalities in common disorders, pacemakers, nuclear medicine in cardio-vascular disorders, tumors of the heart, aneurysm & dissection of the aorta, thoracic outlet syndrome, cardiac catheterisation, cardiac interventions.
Ethical & Legal Issues in Medicine
Sec 10
Importance and procedures of informed consent, emergency & life saving intervention & treatment, information to be given to patient & relatives, rights of patients including confidentiality, withdrawing life support systems, organ transplant from cadaver, euthanasia, consumers protection act, clinical decisions for a patient who lacks decision of signing of will, ethics committee & its role in medical research, procedures (medico legal) followed in cases of poisoning, suspected rape, adverse reaction to drugs and interventions, absconded patients, in-hospital injuries and suicide, treatment of pregnant patients with drug and interventions likely to cause fetal harm, cloning, stem cells usage and preservation, crimes performed by addicts.
Nervous System
Sec 11
Investigations: lumbar puncture/ cerebrospinal fluid examination/ electroencephalography/evoked potentials/ nerve conduction studies/ electromyography/ imaging studies/angiography, migraine, seizures/ epilepsy, cerebrovascular diseases, sub-arachnoid haemorrhage, dementia, extra pyramidal disorders, Parkinson's disease, motor neurone disease, disorders of cranial nerves, meniers syndrome, benign positional vertigo, diseases of the spinal cord, cranio-vertebral anomalies, tumors of the nervous system, demyelinating diseases, meningitis, infections of nervous system, nutritional and metabolic disorders, central pontine myelinolysis, Wernicke's encephalopathy, alcoholic cerebral degeneration, pellagra, subacute combined degeneration, polyneuropathies, acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies, diabetic neuropathies, mononeuritis multiplex, mononeuropathy, leprosy, neuromuscular junction disorders including myasthenia gravis, myopathies (hereditary/ endocrine/ metabolic/ thyroid diseases/ parathyroid diseases/ diabetes mellitis), periodic paralysis, approach to a patient paralysis, dizziness & vertigo, diplopia, syncope and transient loss of consciousness, involuntary movements, delerium, ataxia, parasthesias & sensory loss, unconsciousness, bowel & bladder abnormalities, progressive supranuclear palsy, dystonia, spinocerebeller ataxia, drug induced movement disorders, inherited ataxia, traumatic injuries, subdural & epidural hematoma, radiation & chemotherapy in treatment of nervous system tumours, subdural empyema, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis, progressive rubella, panencephalitis, kuru, molecular treatment of neurological disorders, disorders of the autonomic nervous system, details of traumatic injuries to skull & spine, hereditary & metabolic disorders of late onset, mitochondrial myopathies, lipid storage disorders.
Hepato-Biliary System
Sec 12
Liver function tests, jaundice, hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, hematemesis, amoebic hepatitis, granulomatous hepatitis, hydatid cyst, primary and metastic carcinomas, liver transplant, gall bladder diseases: cholelithiasis/ cholecystitis/ diseases of bile-duct/ cholangiocarcinoma.
Pregnancy Medicine
Sec 13
Maternal & foetal physiology, principles of maternal morbidity & fetal outcome, medical disorders during pregnancy, infections in pregnancy, metabolic disorders, hyponatremia, thyroid disorder, hypertension and eclampsia, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, diabetes, valvular heart disease, bronchial asthma, cardiomyopathies, jaundice, HIV/AIDS, hypercoagulable state and its sequelae and complications, cortical venous sinus thrombosis in pregnancy, post-partum sepsis, aminotic fluid embolisation, Epilepsy, drugs in pregnancy, poisonings in pregnancy, smoking, alcoholism, surgery and pregnancy, psychiatric diseases in pregnancy, medical disorders and infertility, genetic disorders & genetic counseling, ethical issues in pregnancy (brain death).
Immunology
Sec 14
Normal immune system and its functions, hypersensitivity reactions, T-cell mediated diseases, mechanism of tissue damage, cytokine mediated injury, cytokine inhibitors, interaction of T and B cells, complement system, apoptosis, immunotherapy, immunomodulators, immunosuppressive agents, monoclonal antibodies, stem cell transplant in immune disorders, HLA system, primary immune deficiency diseases, amyloidosis, disorders of immediate type hypersensitivity, biological response modifiers, immunologically mediated skin disorders.
Rheumatology
Sec 15
Pathophysiology of inflammation, autoantibody revelance in disease processes, rheumatoid arthritis including extra-articular manifestations, glucocorticoid therapy in connective tissue diseases, systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), organ targeted therapy, vasculitides, ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg Strauss disease, Takayasu's arteritis, cutaneous vasculitis, imaging techniques in systemic vasculitis, approach to acute and chronic monoarthritis & polyarthritis, diagnostic imaging in joint disease, crystal arthropathies, gout, infectious arthritis, infections in patients with connective tissue diseases, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APLA), drug induced rheumatic diseases, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, fibromyalgias, haemophilic arthropathy, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, overlap syndromes, sjogrens syndrome, calcium oxalate deposition disease, psoriatic arthritis, neuropathic joint disease, osteoarthritis.
Gastrointestenal Tract
Sec 16
Peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastritis, endoscopy, radiological procedures, infections, inflammatory bowel disease, functional gut disorders, motility disorders, malabsorption syndromes, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, malignancy. Kidney Renal failure, renal replacement therapies, hematuria, proteinuria, polyuria, oliguria, anuria, contrast nephropathy, urinary tract infections, glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndromes, tubulo-interstitial diseases, kidney in systemic diseases, tumours of the urinary tract, renal calculous disease, barter's syndrome, fabry's disease, malignancy.
Radiology
Sec 17
Roengenograms of chest/ abdomen/ spine/ skull/ paranasal sinuses/ bones and joints, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imagings, angiography, digital substraction angiography, imaging techniques for hepatobiliary system, barium studies, intravenous urography, scintigraphy, radionuclide imaging of kidney/ bone/ heart/ liver/lung/ gall bladder/ thyroid/ parathyroid/ whole body, echocardiography, ventriculography, positron emission tomography (PET) scan, lymphangiography, cardiac catheterization, ultrasound, color doppler, developing and newer imaging techniques.
Infectious Diseases
Sec 18
Sepsis syndromes, pyrexia of unknown origin, infective endocarditis, acute infectious diarrhoeal diseases & food poisoning, infections of the urinary tract, infections of skin/muscle/ soft tissues, infections in intravenous drug abusers, hospital acquired infections, infection control in hospital, bacterial infections, specific infections: pneumococcal/ staphyloccal/ tetanus/ streptococcal/ diphtheria/ botulism/ gas gangrene/ meningococcal/ gonococcal/ salmonella/ shigella/ vibrio cholera/ brucella/ plague/ syphilis/ mycobacteria/ leptospira/ mycoplasma/ pseudomonas/ helicobacter pylori, viruses: herpes/ varicella/ ebstein barr virus/ cytomegalo virus/ rabies/ respiratory viruses/ influenza/ measles/ mumps/ rubella/ arboviruses, fungal: candidiasis/ aspergillosis/ mucormycosis, parasites: ameobiasis/ giardiasis/ pneumocystis carinii/ malaria/ leishnianiasis/ cryptosporidium/ microspondium/ isospora/ filariasis/ neurocysticerosis/ worm infestations, tropical diseases, pancreatitis, osteomyelitis, infections due to bites/ scratches/ burns, tularemia, pertussis, bartonellosis, arenaviruses, moraxella, legionella, nocardia, actinomycetes, borellia, chlamydiae, rickettsia, newer emerging infections: avian influenza, chikungunya, others.HIV/AIDS: Aetiology & pathogenesis, clinical presentations, modes of transmission, universal precautions, opportunistic infections, management and treatment of the disease, opportunistic infections, complications, antiretroviral therapy, prophylaxis: post exposure and of opportunistic infections, recent advances, historical record.
Geriatric Medicine
Sec 19
Theories of ageing, demographic patterns (world / Asia / India) and their significance to health care system, physiological changes in the elderly, diseases in elderly, pharmacotherapy in the elderly, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, psychotherapy, legal aspects (elderly abuse), psychiatric illnesses in elderly population, geriatric assessment, geriatric emergencies.
Granulomatous Diseases
Sec 20
Tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, histoplasmosis, coccidoidomycosis, mucocutaneous leishmeniasis, midline granuloma, lymphomatous granuloma, pseudotumor of the orbit.
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Cardio Vascular and Thoracic Surgery
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) invites applications for the post of Assistant Professor in Cardio Vascular and Thoracic Surgery in Medical Education Department.
120m
10s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#cardiothoracic-surgery#medical-education#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
VASCULAR SURGERY AND ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY
Sec 1
Abdominal Aortic and Iliac Aneurysmabdominal vascular exposureAcute limb ischemiaAlterio genesis and Angio genesisAnticoagulant drugsAntiplatelet agentsArterial hemodynamicsAtherosclerosisAtherosclerotic risk factorsCerebrovascular diseaseCerebrovascular exposureClinical and Vascular laboratory evaluationEmbryology and Developmental AnatomyEndovascular Aneurysm repair techniqueEndovascular diagnostic techniqueEndovascular Therapeutic techniqueFenestrated and Branched Endograft treatment of Juxta renal, Para visceral, Thoracoabdominal and Aortic arch AneurysmGraft infection Anastomotic aneurysmsGraft thrombosisGrafts and Devices- Autogenous grafts, Prosthetic grafts, Biological Grafts, Bioengineered vascular grafts, Nonaortic Stents and Stent graftsHospital Readmission in Vascular SurgeryHypercoagulable stateIntimal hyperplasiaIntraoperative managementischemia reperfusionLaparoscopic and Robotic Aortic SurgeryLocal endovascular complication and their managementLower extremity Chronic arterial diseaseLower extremity vascular exposureLymphatic PathophysiologyNormal coagulation, coagulopathy and hemorrhageNovel and Evolving Aortic Endovascular devicesPeripheral and splanchnic aneurysmPost operative managementPreoperative evaluation and managementPulmonary embolismRenovascular diseaseRuptured Aortoiliac aneurysm and their ManagementSpinal operative exposureThoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic aneurysm and DissectionThoracic and Thoracoabdominal vascular exposureThrombo angiitis obliteransThrombolytic agentUpper extremity vascular exposureVascular imaging- Arteriography, Venography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arteriography, Vascular PET/CT and SPECT/CT, Intra Vascular Ultra soundVascular malformationVascular traumaVenous complicationsVenous PathophysiologyVenous thromboembolic diseaseVessel wall Biology
DISEASE OF THE THORACIC ARTERIES AND VEIN
Sec 2
ACQUIRED DISEASE OF THE SYSTEMIC VEINSACUTE AORTIC DISSECTIONACUTE TRAUMATIC AORTIC DISRUPTIONCHRONIC AORTIC AND THORACOABDOMINAL AORTIC DISEASECONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN THE ADULTAcute Massive Pulmonary EmbolismChronic Pulmonary Thromboembolic diseasePulmonary Artery AneurysmPulmonary Artery DissectionPulmonary Artery Tumors
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Sec 3
ANATOMICALLY CORRECTED MALPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIESAORTIC ATRESIA AND OTHER FORMS OF HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART PHYSIOLOGYAORTOPULMONARY WINDOWATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AND PARTIAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS CONNECTIONATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTCOARCTATION OF THE AORTA AND INTERRUPTED AORTIC ARCHCOMPLETE TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIESCONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE CORONARY ARTERIESCOMPLETECONGENITAL AORTIC STENOSISCONGENITAL MITRAL VALVE DISEASECONGENITAL SINUS OF VALSALVA ANEURYSM AND AORTICO-LEFT VENTRICULAR TUNNELCONGENITALLY CORRECTED TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIESCOR TRIATRIATUMDefinition, Historical note, Morphology, Clinical features and diagnostic criteria, Natural history, Technique of operation, Special features of Postoperative care, ResultDOBLE INLET VENTRICLE AND ATRETIC ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVEDOUBLE OUTLET LEFT VENTRICLEDOUBLE OUTLET RIGHT VENTRICLEEBSTEIN ANOMALYORIGIN OF THE RIGHT OR LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY FROM THE ASCENDING AORTAPATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUSPULMONARY ATRESIA AND INTACT VENTRICULAR SEPTAMPULMONARY STENOSIS AND INTACT VENTRICULAR SEPTAMTOTAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS CONNECTIONTRICUSPID ATRESIA AND SINGLE-VENTRICLE PHYSIOLOGYTRUNCUS ARTERIOSUSUNROOFED CORONARY SINUS SYNDROMEVASCULAR RING AND SLINGVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT WITH PULMONARY STENOSIS OR ATRESIA
Cardiac surgery- General considerations
Sec 4
Atrial septumCardiac chambers and Major vesselsCardiac valvesConduction systemcoronary arteriesterminology and classification of heart diseasesVentricular septumAnesthesia for Neonates and ChildAnesthetic Consultation for Adult Cardiovascular SurgeryClinical methodology of Cardiopulmonary BypassClinical Methodology of Hypothermic circulatory arrest and its AlternatHypothermic circulatory arrestWhole body perfusion during Cardiopulmonary BypassMyocardial Management during Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypassbody temperatureCardiac tamponadeChylothoraxFluid, Electrolyte, and Caloric intakeInfectionPostperfusion and post cardiotomy syndromeCardiovascular subsystemEndocrine subsystemGastrointestinal subsystemHematologic subsystemImmune subsystemNeuropsychological subsystemPulmonary subsystemRenal subsystem
ACQUIRED VALVAR HEART DISEASE
Sec 5
Definition, History, Morphology, Clinical features and Diagnostic criteria, Natural history, Technique of operation, Special features of Postoperative Care, Results, Indications for Operation, Special Situations and ControversiesDefinition, History, Morphology, Clinical features and Diagnostic criteria, Natural history, Technique of operation, Special features of Postoperative Care, Results, Indications for Operation, Special Situations and ControversiesDefinition, History, Pathogenesis and Morphology, Clinical features and Diagnostic criteria, Natural history, Therapy and Technique of operation, Special features of Postoperative Care, Results, Indications for Operation, Special Situations and ControversiesDefinition, History, Morphology, Clinical features and Diagnostic criteria, Natural history, Technique of operation, Special features of Postoperative Care, Results, Indications for Operation, Special Situations and ControversiesMITRAL VALVE SURGERY WITH COEXISTING ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASEMITRAL VALVE SURGERY WITH COEXISTING TRICUSPID VALVE DISEASEDefinition, History, Morphology, Clinical features and Diagnostic criteria, Natural history, Technique of operation, Special features of Postoperative Care, Results, Indications for Operation, Special Situations and Controversies
THE CHEST CAGE
Sec 6
Bacterial infections of the lungs and Bronchial Compressive disordersAdjuvant chemotherapy for Lung cancerEpidemiology and carcinogenesisEx Vivo diagnosis of Lung CancerInvestigation and management of indeterminate Pulmonary NoduleLung cancer screeningMediastinal lymph node dissectionMultimodality Therapy for Non-small cell Lung CancerNovel therapeutic strategy for Non-small cell Lung CancerPathology of Carcinoma of the LungRadiation for Lung CancerResults of Surgical treatment of Non-Small cell Lung CancerSmall cell Lung CancerStaging of Lung CancerChest wall deformitiesChest wall reconstructionChest wall tumorsBullous and bleb diseases of the lungChronic pulmonary emboliCongenital parenchymal Lesions of the lungCongenital vascular lesions of the lungCOPD for CT surgeryPulmonary complication of Cystic FibrosisHernias of the chest wallInfections of the chest wallLUNG TRANSPLANTATIONcontrol of Vascular Obstructing SymptomatologyInvasive Diagnostic Investigations and Surgical ApproachesMass lesion in the MediastinumMediastinal CystsMediastinal InfectionsNoninvasive investigationsPrimary Mediastinal Tumors and Syndromes Associated with Mediastinal LesionsStructure and function of the Mediastinal contentsSurgical management of Tuberculous and Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial infections of the lungDiaphragmatic herniaEmbryology and anatomy of the diaphragmPhysiology of the diaphragm and Surgical approaches to the Paralyzed diaphragmPrimary tumors of the diaphragmDiagnostic Studies of the EsophagusMalignant lesions of the esophagusOperative procedures in the Management of Esophageal diseasePhysiology of the EsophagusStructure of the EsophagusAbsorption of Gases in the pleural spaceAnatomy of the PleuraAnatomy of the Thoracic duct and ChylothoraxBenign pleural effusionMalignant pleural EffusionMechanics and Fluid dynamics of Lung and Pleural spaceParapneumonic Effusion, Empyema and FibrothoraxPleural neoplasm – Surgical approaches for malignant pleural mesothelioma, ChemotherapyPneumothoraxPost surgical empyemaThoracoplasty. Indications and Surgical considerationsTuberculous and Fungal Infections of the PleuraBenign and Malignant tumors of the TracheaCompression of the Trachea by Vascular RingsSurgical anatomy of the Trachea and Techniques of Resection and ReconstructionTherapeutic Bronchoscopic ProceduresTracheostomyThoracic Mycotic and Actinomycotic Infections of the LungThoracic outlet syndromeAcute Respiratory Distress SyndromeBarotrauma and inhalation injuriesBlunt and Penetrating injuries of the Chest Wall, Pleura, Diaphragm, and LungsBlunt and Penetrating injuries of the EsophagusEsophageal PerforationManagements of Foreign bodies of the Aerodigestive Track
OTHER CARDIAC CONDITIONS
Sec 7
Atrial Fibrillation and FlutterBradycardiaIntractable Ventricular TachycardiaTachycardiaVentricular Tachycardia and ventricular Fibrillation in Ischemic Heart DiseaseWolff-Parkinsons-White SyndromeNon-Penetrating Cardiac TraumaPenetrating Cardiac TraumaCarcinoid Heart diseaseFibromaLipomaMyxomaPapillary FibroelastomaPheochromocytomaRhabdomyomaSarcomaTeratomaHYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
CARDIOMYOPATHY
Sec 8
Cardiac Transplantation for Congenital heart Disease and Pediatric PatientsCardiac Transplantation in Adult without Congenital heart diseaseHeart lung TransplantationArrhythmogenic Right Ventricular DysplasiaCardiac Transplantation and Mechanical circulatory SupportDilated Cardiomyopathy.Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyIschemic CardiomyopathyRestrictive CardiomyopathyMECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORTChronic Constrictive PericarditisChronic effusive Pericarditis
GENERAL THORACIC SURGERY
Sec 9
Bronchoscopic evaluation of the lung and tracheobronchial treeInvasive diagnostic proceduresLaboratory investigations in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseaseMediastinoscopyMolecular diagnostic studies and Genomic studies in pulmonary diseasePreoperative assessment of the Thoracic Surgical patientsUltrasound and endoscopic Bronchoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of the Lungs, Mediastinum and PleuraAwake, Non-Intubated Trans pleural SurgeryComplications of Thoracic surgical patientsPneumonectomy and its modificationsPost operative management of the General Thoracic Surgery patientRobotic -Assisted surgery in pulmonary diseasesSegmentectomy and lesser pulmonary resectionsSleeve lobectomyTechnical aspect of LobectomyTracheal sleeve pneumonectomyUniport VATS LobectomyVideo-Assisted Thoracoscopic surgeryCellular and Molecular Biology of the LungEmbryology of the lunglymphatics of the LungsMechanics of Breathing and Pulmonary gas ExchangeAnatomy of the Thoraxcutaneous innervationinteractions between the components of the chest wall during respirationintercostal vesselsNeurovascular bundlesuperficial chest wall musculatureSurface anatomy of the thoraxthe intercostal musclesthe intercostal spaceSurgical Anatomy of the LungsThoracic Imaging – Standard Radiographic evaluation, Computed tomography, Magnetic Resonance imaging, Radionucleotide studies of the lung, Thoracic PET CTUltrastructure and Morphometry of the Human Lung
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Sec 10
Definition, History, Morphology, Clinical features and Diagnostic criteria, Natural history, Technique of operation, Special features of Postoperative Care, Results, Indications for Operation, Special Situations and ControversiesDefinition, History, Morphology, Clinical features and Diagnostic criteria, Natural history, Technique of operation, Special features of Postoperative Care, Results, Indications for Operation, Special Situations and ControversiesDefinition, History, Morphology, Clinical features and Diagnostic criteria, Natural history, Technique of operation, Special features of Postoperative Care, Results, Indications for Operation, Special Situations and ControversiesDefinition, History, Morphology, Clinical features and Diagnostic criteria, Natural history, indication for operation, Technique of operation, special features of postoperative care, Special situation and controversies
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Rachanasareera in Ayurveda Medical Education
Recruitment by Kerala PSC for the post of Assistant Professor in Rachana Sharir (Rachanasareera) in the Ayurveda Medical Education Department.
120m
27s
#kerala-psc#ayurveda#medical-education#assistant-professor#rachanasareera
Syllabus Explorer
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES
Sec 1
Anatomical position, planes, anatomical terms related to position, movement, skin, fasciae, ligaments, tendons
PRAMANA SHAARIRA
Sec 2
Anjali pramana and anguli pramana
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Sec 3
Blood supply of brain and spinal cordDefinition, classification, description of brain and spinal cordDescription of cranial and spinal nerves, nerve plexuses, autonomic nervous systemDescription of meninges, formation and circulation of CSF
SHARIROPKRAMANIYA SHAARIRA
Sec 4
Constitution of purusha, karmapurushaDefinition of sharira and shaarira, shadangatwam, anga pratyanga vibhaga, mrita sharira samsodhana, preservation methods of cadaverPanhabhoutikatvam, trigunatmakatvam, tridoshamayatvam and doshadhstumalamoolakatvam of sharira
GARBHA SHAARIRA (EMBRYOLOGY)
Sec 5
Definition of embryo, foetus, features of sperm and ovum, fertilization, cleavage, sex determination and differentiation, germ layers formation and their derivatives, foetal circulation, placenta and umbilical cord formation, laws of heredityDefinition of garbha, explanation of sukra, aartava, garbhadhanaDescription of Beeja, beejabhaga and beejabhagavayavaGarbha poshana, apara nirmana, nabhinadi, angapratyanga utpatiGarbhotpadaka bhava, garbhavridhikara bhava, masanumasika garbha vridhi kramaRitumati lakshana, sadyo garbha lakshana, linga vinichayaRole of tridosha and panhamahabhuta in the foetal development
INDRIYA SHAARIRA
Sec 6
Definition of indriya, number, indriya artha, indriya adhishtana
KOSHTA SHAARIRA
Sec 7
Definition of koshta, koshtanga
MARMA SHAARIRA
Sec 8
Definition of marma, number, location, classification, vidhalakshanaDetailed study of individual marma with their clinical and surgical importanceTrimarma according to Charaka, knowledge of marmabhighata
ENDORINE SYSTEM
Sec 9
Definition, classification and description of endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus and suprarenal glands) with clinical aspects
SANDHI SHAARIRA
Sec 10
Definition, classification, general structure of jointsDetailed description of joints of extremities, vertebral joints, temporomandibular joint with applied anatomyEtymological derivation, number, types of sandhiKnowledge of other joints
KALA SHAARIRA
Sec 11
Definition, formation, description of seven Kala with their modern component
SROTAS SHAARIRA
Sec 12
Definition, number and types of srotas and srotomoola
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Sec 13
Description of heart and blood vessels with their course and branches, applied anatomyPericardium with applied aspect
SENSORY ORGANS
Sec 14
Description of structures of eye, ear, nose, tongue and skin with their clinical aspects
ASTHI SHAARIRA
Sec 15
Detail study of each bone with applied anatomyNumber and types of asthi, general introduction and classification of bone
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Sec 16
DiaphragmLungs with applied anatomyPleura with its applied aspectRespiratory tract – nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree
SIRA, DHAMANI SHAARIRA
Sec 17
Etymological derivation, definitions, number and types of sira and dhamani, description of hridaya
PARIBHASHA SHAARIRA
Sec 18
Kurcha, kandara, jala, asthisanghata, seemanta, seevani, rajju, snayu, lasika, vasa, meda, majja
SHADCHAKRA
Sec 19
Location and significance
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Sec 20
Lymphatic vessels, lymph glands and spleen with their applied anatomy
PESHEE SHAARIRA
Sec 21
Number and typesTypes and structure of muscles, description of muscles, their origin, insertion, nerve supply, action and applied anatomy
ASHAYA
Sec 22
Number and types of ashaya
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Sec 23
Organs of digestive trat with their applied anatomyPeritoneum with applied anatomy
MALE REPRODUTIVE SYSTEM
Sec 24
Reproductive organs, tract and glands with their clinical aspects
DIGESTIVE GLANDS
Sec 25
Salivary glands, Liver and Pancreas
SURFACE AND RADIOLOGIALANATOMY
Sec 26
Surface anatomy of thoracic and abdominal organs
URINARY SYSTEM
Sec 27
Urinary trat: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra with their clinical aspects
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor (Neurosurgery)
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts recruitment for the post of Assistant Professor in Neurosurgery in the Medical Education Department.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#neurosurgery#medical-education#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
Neuro oncology
Sec 1
2021 WHO classification of Brain tumoursCommon intracranial tumours in adults, orbital tumours and surgical approaches.Malignant spinal cord neoplasmsManagement of malignant neoplasms of Brain and spineMetastases of the brain and spine.Non neoplastic cystic lesions of the Brain and spine.Paediatric Brain tumoursPrimary tumours of the Skull and spineRadiosurgery for Brain and spine neoplasmsSpecial investigations for Brain and spine neoplasms, diagnosis and management.
Neurocritical care and Functional Neurosurgery
Sec 2
Abnormal respiratory patterns in severe brain injuryDeep Brain Stimulation, Radiofrequency lesioning- Principles and common targets.Epilepsy – types, diagnosis, medical and surgical management.Guidelines for management of raised Intracranial pressureIntensive care management of Traumatic Brain and spine injuries.Movement disorders, diagnosis, medical and surgical management.Postoperative management of Pituitary neoplasms and Craniopharyngiomas.Principles of Ventilation in Neuro critical care.Spasticity – types, diagnosis, medical and surgical management.Types of and management of electrolyte disturbances in Neurosurgical Intensive Care.
Brain and spine trauma
Sec 3
Advances in the management of Traumatic Brain and spine injuries and neurorehabilitation.Classification of spine injuries and brain traumaCraniovertebral junction and subaxial cervical spine trauma.Diffuse Axonal injury, pathology and management.Grading of severity of Traumatic Brain injury and outcome scores.Paediatric head injuries, clinical features, imaging and management.Sequelae of Traumatic Brain and spine injuryThoracic and Dorsolumbar spine trauma, diagnosis and management.Traumatic Intracranial haemorrhages, classification, diagnosis and management.Traumatic skull and spine injuries
Neurovascular disorders
Sec 4
Alternate management of aneurysms and AVMs and their outcomes.Cerebral aneurysms, types, clinical features, diagnosis and surgical management.Classification of Arteriovenous malformations of the brain and spinal cord.Diagnosis, clinical features and surgical management of AVMs.Interventional neuroradiology in the management of aneurysms and AVMs.Neurovascular compression syndromes.Non aneurysmal Subarachnoid haemorrhageStroke – ischaemic and Haemorrhagic- clinical features and managementVasospasm – clinical features, diagnosis and management.Vein of Galen malformation, dolichoectasia of cerebral arteries.
Basic Sciences (Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology)
Sec 5
Anatomy and function of Cranial and spinal Nerves.Anatomy and physiology of Brachial and Lumbosacral plexus.Autonomic Nervous system anatomy and applied anatomy.Blood brain barrier and cerebral perfusion.Brain metabolism – normal and in cerebral ischemia.Cerebral and Spinal venous drainage.Cerebrospinal fluid formation, circulation and related disorders.Embryology of Brain and spinal cord.Gross anatomy of Brain, Spine and Spinal cord.Gross and microscopic anatomy of Arterial supply of Brain and spinal cord.Pathology of genetic disorders of the brain and spinal cord
Degenerative Spine disorders and Peripheral Nerves
Sec 6
Ankylosing spondylitis.Cervical and Lumbar spondylosisCraniovertebral junction disorders in Rheumatoid arthritis, Down's and other syndromes with ligamentous laxity.Disc diseases – Cervical, Lumbosacral- clinical features, diagnosis and management.Lumbar and Lumbosacral listhesis – types, diagnosis and management.Lumbar canal stenosis and management.OPLL and Cervical Block vertebraePeripheral Nerve entrapment syndromes.Piriformis syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome – diagnosis and management.Scoliosis – diagnosis, management and rehabilitation.
Developmental disorders
Sec 7
Aqueductal stenosis and Obstructive Hydrocephalus – types, diagnosis and management.Chiari malformations, aetiopathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management.Clinical features of Phakomatoses.Congenital scoliosis and CVJ anomalies, diagnosis, imaging and management.Dermoid, Epidermoid cysts of the Skull and intracranial compartmentsDevelopmental anomalies of Cranial arterial circulationEncephalocoeles – types, diagnosis and management.Facial dysmorphic syndromes- clinical features and their management.Neuronal migration and disorders of neuronal migration.Spina bifida – occulta and aperta, diagnosis and management.
Neuroradiology
Sec 8
Basics of CT and MRI, their development.Contrast agents used in CT and MRI and their propertiesCT myelogram, cisternogram and their applications.DSA and 4 vessel angiogram and their applications in StrokeIntraoperative uses of CT, MRI, C-arm.MR SpectroscopyNeuroradiological intervention in StrokeTherapeutic roles of neuroradiology in NeurosurgeryVarious sequences of MRI used in Neurosurgery and their applicationsX Ray studies of skull and spine, relevance and applications.
Infections in Neurosurgery
Sec 9
Brain abscess and its managementCommon infections of Brain and spineCSF studies and their relevance in Brain and spine infections.Fungal infections of the brain.Infective spondylodiscitis, postoperative discitis and their management.Meningitis and its complications in children and adultsParasitic infestations of Brain and their managementPostoperative infections and their management.Spread of infections to Brain and SpineVentriculitis – causes, management and complications
Basic Neurology
Sec 10
Brain stem syndromes and Lower Cranial Nerve lesionsCerebral vasculitic disorders.Demyelinating diseases of Brain and spinal cordDisorders of Lobe functionDisorders of Trigeminal nerve and Trigeminal Neuralgia.Disorders of Visual pathway and ocular motor nerves.Electrophysiological investigations - EEG, BAER,NCV and EMG, VEP, intraoperative neuromonitoring, cortical mapping.Functional organisation of Brain and spinal cordHigher mental function abnormalitiesMotor Neuron Disease – types, clinical features, diagnosis and management.Parkinsonism, and other dementias, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Pathology
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts recruitment for the post of Assistant Professor in Pathology in Medical Education. The role involves assisting students in hospital laboratories, ensuring quality, and guiding them to become high-quality health professionals. The pay scale is as per UGC norms.
120m
8s
#kerala-psc#medical-education#pathology#assistant-professor#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
Histopathological techniques
Sec 1
All techniques of processing, section cutting, staining including special stains, frozen section, automation methodsmuseum specimen preparation
Hematology & Laboratory Medicine
Sec 2
anticoagulantsautomated analyzers principle and usehemostatic disordersPlatelet disorderspreparation of stainsquality controlRBCtechniques in clinical PathologyWBC
Transfusion Medicine
Sec 3
Blood collectionBlood component preparationCoombs testcross matchingDonor screeningQuality controlTechniques of blood grouping
Systemic Pathology
Sec 4
Bone & JointBreastCardiovascularCentral nervous systemsEndocrineEyeGastrointestinalHepatobiliaryLymphoreticularMale and female genitalPancreasperipheral nervesRenalRespiratorySkeletal muscleSkinSoft tissue
General Pathology
Sec 5
Cell death and adaptationsCell injuryDiseases of infancy & childhoodEnvironmental and nutritional diseasesGenetic disordersHemodynamic disordersImmunopathologyInfectious diseasesInflammation and repairNeoplasia
Advanced techniques
Sec 6
Electron microscopyFISHFlow cytometryImmunofluorescenceImmunohistochemistryother molecular techniques
Cytopathology
Sec 7
Exfoliative cytologyfluid cytology - techniques of smear preparation, staining, interpretationFNAC
Autopsy Pathology
Sec 8
interpretationTechniques of autopsy
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor (Nephrology)
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) invites applications for the post of Assistant Professor in Nephrology in the Medical Education Department. This recruitment is for individuals interested in teaching in higher education with qualifications like DM/DNB in Nephrology.
120m
9s
#kerala-psc#nephrology#medical-education#assistant-professor#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
TUBULAR DISEASE
Sec 1
Acquired and Genetic causes, various clinical manifestationsEvaluationFanconi Syndrome
DIALYSIS
Sec 2
Advantages of Hemofiltration and Hemodiafiltration
INHERITED RENAL DISEASE
Sec 3
Alport's Syndrome and its management
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI)
Sec 4
Causes investigation and managementHemolytic uremic syndrome
THE KIDNEY IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE
Sec 5
Pathology, Pathogenesis and TreatmentSystemic Lupus erythematosus
GLOMERULAR DISEASE
Sec 6
Pathogenesis, staging and Treatment
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
Sec 7
Immunological and Non immunological Chronic complications in transplant recipient
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALNCE
Sec 8
Magnesium Imbalance
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Sec 9
Mineral Bone Disease in CKD
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Biochemistry
The Kerala PSC Assistant Professor in Biochemistry exam is conducted by the Kerala Public Service Commission for direct recruitment in the Medical Education Department.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#biochemistry#medical-education#direct-recruitment
Syllabus Explorer
CHEMISTRY METABOLISM AND DISORDERS OF AMINOACIDS & PROTEINS
Sec 1
Abnormalities in tissue proteins – inherited and protein folding disorders, PrionsChemistry of amino acids and proteins – classification of amino acids, physical and chemical properties of amino acids.Contractile proteins, structural proteins (collagen, elastin, keratin) and functional proteinsDisorders of hemopoietic system, Ferro kinetic studies, Hemoglobinopathies, immunoglobinopathies, porphyrias and their lab diagnosis, Coagulation studies.Glycoprotein – Types, functions and formationHeme synthesis and break down, porphyrias and jaundice.Hemoglobin: Structure of hemoglobin, different types of Hb – Transport of oxygen, CO2-buffering action, Hb variants hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias, myoglobin.Inborn errors of Aminoacids and protein metabolism.Plasma proteins, immunoglobulin (techniques of detection, separation and quantitation)Structural organization of proteins. Study of protein structureStructure - Function – relationship of proteins
BIOSTATISTICS
Sec 2
Analysis of reference values: Statistical methods, confidence intervals, treatment of outlying observations, partitioning of reference values, transference, presentation of reference intervals, intra individual reference intervals, ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic curveBasic distribution statistics: Measures of central tendencies, measures of variation, confidence intervals and measures of accuracy and precisionFormulation of research hypothesis, study designing, sampling, data analysis and reporting with essential knowledge of statistical analysis.Parametric comparisons of populations : Null hypothesis and statistical significance, two hypothesis, comparison of random variation (precision)-the F test, comparison of means (accuracy or bias)-the t test, ANOVA (one way analysis of variance), testing a sample for outliers using the gap testPopulation distributions: Populations and samples-Frequency distributionsReference intervals and clinical decision limits: Reference population, reference individuals, reference sample group, reference values, reference distribution, reference limits, reference intervals, Protocol for obtaining reference values and establishing health associated reference intervals, selection of reference intervals, pre analytical and analytical variables
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES
Sec 3
Apoptosis, Role of mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrial cytopathies.Basic principles of BioinformaticsCell cycle, cell to cell adhesion, recognition, signaling, growth factors and cytokinesGenetic basis of cancer, Oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes, tumour markersImmunology –Immunity-Antigen, Antibodies – Immunoglobulins, Antigen-Antibody reactions, complement system, Structure and functions of the Immune system, Immune Response, Immunodeficiency diseases, Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity,Immunology of Transplantation and Malignancy, Immuno heamatology, Stem cell biology and applicationsMetabolism of purines and pyrimidines and disordersMolecular methods in prenatal & new born screening, Markers of chromosomal aneuploidy in maternal serum (Quad screen) NAT for foetal DNA in maternal circulation.Purines and pyrimidines – their derivatives – nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids.Regulation of gene expression,prokaryotic and eukaryotic EpigeneticsReplication -steps (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), enzymes, fidelity, DNA repair, inhibitorsStructure and functions of nucleic acids, organization of DNA in cellsTechniques in molecular biology : Recombinant DNA technology, Southern blotting, RFLP, PCR, Genomic library, DNA finger printing, transgenics, gene knock out, stem cell biology, RNA interference, Gene targeting, DNA micro array, Gene therapy and vectors.Transcription – (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) different types of RNA polymerases, post transcriptional modifications, inhibitorsTranslation (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) Steps, factors involved, post translational modifications, inhibitors, protein folding and targeting
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Sec 4
Assessment of endocrine function and laboratory diagnosis of different endocrinolpathiesBiochemistry of ovulation, conception, reproduction and contraception, endocrinological change of pregnancy.Biogenesis, secretion, control, transport and mode of action of following- hypothalamic peptides, adenohypophyseal and neurohypophyseal hormones, thyroid parathyroid hormones, calcitonin, pancreatic hormones, adenocortical and medullary hormones, gonadal hormones, gastrointestinal hormones, opioid peptides, endorphins, parathormones.Classification and general mechanism of action of hormones.Endocrine interrelationship and their involvement in metabolic regulation.Neuromodulators and their mechanism of action, physiological significance.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
Sec 5
Automation in clinical chemistryChromatography, electrophoresis, fluorometry, ultracentrifugation, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, atomic absorption, spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, nephelometry, turbidimetry, flame photometry, ISE, immunochemistryClinical enzymologyComposition and analysis of calculi – salivary, renal and biliary systemCSF in health and diseaseGastric and pancreatic function tests, Malabsorption syndromes and their lab diagnosis.Lab diagnosis of AIDS and cancers and other immunological disordersLab diagnosis of cardiac dysfunctionLab diagnosis of diseases of CNSLab diagnosis of diseases of lungs and musculoskeletal systemLaboratory evaluation methods of pregnancy related problems and infertility, Fetoplacental function testsLFT, jaundice, alcoholic liver disease and NASH (non alcoholic liver disease)Life style diseases, Metabolic syndrome and laboratory evaluationMetabolic bone disease and gammopathies - lab diagnosisPoint of care testing (POCT)Principles of peritoneal and hemodialysisQuality control programmes – external and internal QCs and QC methods.their application in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research, measurement of radioactivity, tracer techniques, autoradiography, radioimmunoassay (RIA)Renal function tests, Acute renal failure and Chronic Kidney disease azotemia uremia
CHEMISTRY, METABOLISM AND DISORDERS OF CARBOHYDRATE
Sec 6
Biochemical basis of complications in Diabetes mellitus and secondary degenerative changes associated with diabetes mellitus.Chemistry of carbohydrates – classification and biological importance, chemistry and functions of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides including glycosaminoglycans.Glycogen Storage diseases, galactosemia, reducing substances in urine and aids to laboratory diagnosis of these disorders.Inborn errors of Carbohydrate metabolismKetosis, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, lysosomal storage disorders, dyslipidemias and their lab diagnosis.Metabolic interrelationships & metabolic alterations in starvation and obesity.Liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, brain, kidney, erythrocytes, adipose tissue, lens and retina.Metabolism of carbohydrates, TCA cycle and biological oxidation (Major and minor metabolic pathways – steps, significance, regulation and interrelationships etc)Organic acidurias and their laboratory diagnosis.Regulation of glucose levels in body fluids-diabetes mellitus, metabolic alterations, complications and biochemical basis of management.
NUTRITION
Sec 7
Biochemistry of free radicals and antioxidantsDigestion and absorption of different nutrients.Disorders of digestion and malabsorption syndromes, dietary fibersDisorders of nutrition- PEM, obesity, dietary fibers, laboratory diagnosis of nutritional disorders and national nutritional programmeEnvironmental toxicology, metabolism of xenobiotics.Inborn errors of metabolism: Inborn errors of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids & mineral metabolism.Minerals: Macro and micro minerals – Source, requirements, biochemical functions, deficiency and excessMuscular contraction, nerve conduction, coagulation of bloodgeneral nutritional requirements, energy requirements, biological value of proteins, Respiratory quotient, B.M.R., SDA, balanced diet, diet formulation in health and disease, mixed diet, nutritional supplements, food toxins, additives, parenteral nutritionClassification, source active forms, metabolic role, deficiency manifestations, RDA and hypervitaminosis,antivitamins, assays.
CELL
Sec 8
Cell structure – organelle, cytoskeleton and biomembranes – structure and functionMethods of separation and analysis. Water, pH and buffers, Henderson Hasselbach equation, buffer system, colloids, laws of mass action, surface tension, osmosis, diffusion.
CHEMISTRY, METABOLISM AND DISORDERS OF LIPID
Sec 9
Chemistry of lipids – classification and biological importance, chemistry and functions of triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, fatty acids, cholesterol, lipoproteins and prostaglandins.
ENZYMES
Sec 10
Enzymes – Classification, mechanism of action, factors affecting enzyme activityInhibition and activation of enzyme activity, regulation of enzyme activity, isoenzymes, clinical enzymology – diagnostic and therapeutic applications
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor (Cardiology)
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) invites applications for the post of Assistant Professor in Cardiology in the Medical Education Department. Candidates require a DM/DNB in Cardiology and permanent registration under the Kerala State Medical Council.
120m
10s
#kerala-psc#cardiology#assistant-professor#medical-education#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
Module 9
Sec 1
Anaesthesia in non cardiac surgery
Module 10
Sec 2
Aortic diseases and interventionsDM and dyslipidemia management and CVD and Pregnancy and CVDPeripheral arterial occlusive disease and its managementPulmonary embolism and its management
Module 1: BASIC CARDIOLOGY
Sec 3
Applied cardiac anatomy, applied cardiac physiologyCardiac evaluation by investigations: electrocardiogram, Xray Chest PA view, Coronary angiography, echocardiography, stress echo cardiography strain imaging. 3 D and 4 D imaging of disease states, Right heart catheterisation, Left heart catheterisation, Stress test, cardiovascular CT and MRI, PET scan and viability assessment. Physiological assessment of CADGenetic in CVD, gene therapy in CVDPharmacology embryology and pathology
Module 2: PART II CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY
Sec 4
Atherosclerotic heart disease- ACS CCSCHD in infants, children adults -both cyanotic and acyanoticClinical cardiologyEpidemiology, etiopathogenesis Clinical features diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment complications prognosis and prevention of the following disease statesValvular heart disease and infective endocarditis
Module 8
Sec 5
Atrial fibrillation managementStroke and CVD
Module 3
Sec 6
Cardiac arrhythmia management – medical antiarrhythmic therapy and interventional management, SCD and its evaluation and managementHeartfailure management – ADHF and CHFHypertension
Module 4
Sec 7
Cardiomyopathy
Module 6
Sec 8
Infective endocarditisProsthetic valve disease and percutaneous valve replacements
Module 5
Sec 9
Pericardial diseases
Module 7
Sec 10
Pulmonary Hypertension and primary PAH
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in Kriyasharir
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts recruitment for the post of Assistant Professor in Kriyasharir in the Ayurveda Medical Education Department. The selection process typically involves a written examination, an interview, and document verification.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#ayurveda#kriyasharir#medical-education
Syllabus Explorer
Module -4
Sec 1
Agni: Applied Physiology of Agni in Kriyā Śārīra and Cikitsā.Agni: Applied physiology of Annavaha Srotās: Arocaka, Ajīrna, Atīsāra, Grahanī, Chardi, Parināma Śūla AgnimāndaAgni: Descripton of the aetiology and features of annavaha Srotodusti.Agni: Descripton of the importance of Agni. Classification of Agni. Locations, Properties and functions of Jātharāgni, Bhūtāgni, and Dhātvagni.Ahara: Definition and significance of Ahara. Classification of Ahara. Ahara- Vidhi- vidhana. Asta aharavidhi visesayatana, Aharaparinamakara bhava.Aharpachana: Ahara Paka Prakriya, Description of Annavaha Srotas. Description of Avasthapaka and Nishthapaka. Role of dosha in Aharapaka. Sara and Kitta Vibhajana. Absorption of Sara. Utpatti and Udeeran of Vata-Pitta-Kapha.Definition of the term Kostha. Physiological classification of Kostha and the characteristics of each kind of kostha.
Module-10
Sec 2
Aim, principle,apparatus description detailed procedure description of -Total RBC count, Total WBC count, Differential leukocyte countDescription of the characteristic features of Astavidha Sara. Description of Rasavaha, Raktavaha, Mamsavaha, Medovaha, Asthivaha, Majjavaha and Sukravaha Srotamsi.Estimation of HemoglobinNormal CBC valuesPancajnanendriya: Physiological description of Pancajnanendriya and Physiology of perception of Sabda, Sparsa, Rupa, Rasa, Gandha. Indriya-panca-pancaka; Physiological description of KarmendriyaSpace Physiology, Exercise Physiology, Physiology of high altitude and deep seaTamas and their effect on mind.Urine analysis-physical examination and chemical examination
Module -2
Sec 3
Applied physiology of Dhatu: Manifestations of Ksaya and Vriddhi of each Dhatu. Description of Dhatu Pradosaja Vikara.Applied physiology of Ojas: Etiological factors and manifestations of Ojaksaya, Visramsa and Vyapat. Physiological and clinical significance of OjasArtava: Characteristic features of Suddha and Dusita Artava. Differences between Raja and Artava, Physiology of Artavavaha Srotamsi.Description of Asraya and Asrayi kind of relationship between Dosa and Dhatu.Dhatu Posana: Process of nourishment of Dhatu. Description of various theories of (Ksira-Dadhi, Kedari-Kulya, Khale Kapota etc).Dhatu: General introduction and definition of Dhatu. Formation, Definition (Nirukti), Distribution, Attributes, quantity, classification, Pancabhautika composition and Functions of all seven Dhatus in detail: Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja, SukraDhatumala – Definition, Formation, Properties, Quantity, Classification and Functions of each Dhatumala.Ojas: Definition, locations, synonyms, Formation, Distribution, Properties, Quantity, Classification anf Functions of Ojas. Description of Vyadhiksamitva. Bala Vrddhikara Bhava. Classification of Bala. Relation between Slesma, Bala and Ojas.Physiology of Mala – Definition of the term “Mala'. Definition, Formation, Properties, Quantity and Functions of Purisa, Mutra. Manifestations of Vrddhi and Kshaya of Purisa and Mutra.Stanya: Characteristic features and methods of assessing Suddha and Dusita Stanya, Manifestations of Vrddhi and Ksaya of Stanya.Sveda – Definition, Formation, Properties, Quantity and Functions of svedavaha Srotamsi. Formation of Sveda. Manifestations of Vrddhi and Ksaya of Sveda.Upadhatu: General introduction and Definition of the the term ‘Upadhatu'. Formation, Nourishment, Quantity, Properties, Distribution and functions of each Upadhatu.
Module 1
Sec 4
Applied physiology of TridosaBiological rhythms of Tridosa on the basis of Day-Night-Age-Season and Food intake.Characteristic features of the individuals belonging to each kind of Deha-Prakrti.Deha-Prakrti: Various definitions and synonyms of the term ‘Prakrti'.Different views on the composition of Purusa and the importance of Cikitsya Purusa.Dosa Vrddhi-Dosa Ksaya.Factors influencing the Prakrti. Classification of Deha-Prakrti.Importance of Samanya – Visesa PrincipleKapha Dosa: General locations (Sthana), general attributes (Guna) and general functions (Karma) of Kapha. ). Five subdivisions of Kapha with their specific locations, specific properties and specific functions (Bodhaka, Avalambaka, Kledaka, Tarpaka, Slesaka).Mutual relationship between Triguna- Tridosa-Pancamahabhuta-indriyaPitta Dosa: General locations (Sthana), general attributes (Guna) and general functions (Samanya Karma). Five subdivisions of Pitta with their specific locations, specific properties, and specific functions (Pacaka, Ranjaka, Alocaka, Bhrajaka, Sadhaka). Similarities and differences between Agni and Pitta.Role of Dosa in the formation of Prakrti of an individual.Theory of PancamahabhutaVata Dosa: General locations (Sthana), general attributes (guna) and general functions (Samanya Karma). Five subdivisions of Vata with their specific locations, specific properties, and specific functions (Prana, Udana, Samana, Vyana, Apana)
Module 3
Sec 5
Atma - Definition, Properties of Atma. Difference between Paramatma and Jivatma; Characteristic features of Atma.Buddhi - Location, types, Functions of buddhi; Physiology of Dhl, Dhrti and Smrti.Manas – Definition, location (sthana), Properties, Functions and Objects of ManasManas Prakrti: Types of Manas Prakrti with their characteristic features and its Practical implication, Properties of Satwa, Raja Tamas and their effect on mind.Nidra – Definition of Nidra, Classification of Nidra. Tandra, physiological and clinical significance of Nidra; Svapnotpatti and Svapnabheda.Pancajnanendriya: Physiological description of Pancajnanendriya and Physiology of perception of Sabda, Sparsa, Rupa, Rasa, Gandha. Indriya-panca-pancaka;Saa-Physiological characteristic features of Astavidha Sara.Srotas--Description of Rasavaha, Raktavaha, Mamsavaha, Medovaha, Asthivaha, Majjavaha and Sukravaha Srotamsi.
Module -5
Sec 6
Brief description related to some of the recent studies exploring the genetic / biochemical / haematological / electrophysiological basis for prakrti.Importance of Gurvadi Guna in AyurvedaIntroduction to the recent tools to assess prakrti (questionnaires and software.)Principle of Loka-Purusa SamyaPrinciple: Kriyakala,Recent advances in understanding the Prakrti.Recent advances related to the gut microbes and their role in health and diseaseRecent studies in biorhythms.Role of Dosa in Health and Disease.
Module -8
Sec 7
Cardiovascular system : Functional anatomy of cardiovascular system. Cardiac cycle. Heart sounds. Regulation of cardiac output and venous return. Physiological basis of ECG. Heart-rate and its regulation. Arterial pulse. Systemic arterial blood pressure and its control. Regional circulations. Physiology of lymphatic circulation.Respiratory system: Functional anatomy of respiratory system. Ventilation. Mechanism of respiration. Exchange and transportation of gases. Neural and chemical control of respiration. Spirometry and lung function tests. Artificial respiration.
Module -6
Sec 8
Digestive system Physiology Different digestive juices, their enzymes and their mechanisms of action. Functions of Salivary glands, Stomach, Pancreas, Small intestine, Liver and large intestine in the process of digestion and absorption.Digestive system Physiology: Applied Physiology of gastrointestinal tract: Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Malabsorption etc.Digestive system Physiology: Metabolism-Introduction to biochemical structure, properties and classification of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.Description of the processes involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in human gastrointestinal tract. Adipose tissue and its Function. Circulating lipids. Description of lipoproteins like VLDL, LDL and HDL and their composition.Digestive system Physiology: Movements of the gut (deglutition, peristslsis, defecation etc.) and their control.Digestive system Physiology: Role of neuro-endocrine mechanisms in the process of digestion and absorption. Enteric nervous systems.General physiology -Definition and mechanisms of maintainance of Homeostasis. Cell as the living unit of the body. Membrane Physiology. Transportation of various substances across cell membrane. Resting membrane potentials and action potentials.
Module -7
Sec 9
Endocrinology -. Classification and characteristics of different hormones. Description of hormones secreted by Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands, Pancreas, Adrenal glands and their physiological effects. Effects of hypo and hyper-secretion of various hormones.Physiology of Nervous System: General introduction to nervous system: neurons, mechanism of propagation of nerve impulse.Study of CNS, PNS and ANS. Sensory and motor functions of nervous system. Functions of different parts of brain and spinal cord, Hypothalmus and limbic system.Physiology of Nervous System: Physiology of sleep.Physiology of Nervous System: Physiology of special senses.Physiology of Intelligence, Memory, Learning and Motivation.Physiology of Nervous System: Physiology of speech and articulation.Physiology of Nervous System.Physiology of Pain and temperatureReproductive system Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis. Hormonal regulation of uterine and ovarian cycles. Physiology of Pregnancy, lactation and Parturition
Module-9
Sec 10
Functions of Haemopoetic system: Composition and functions of blood and blood cells.Functions of kidneys. Mechanism of formation of urine. Control of micturition. Renal function tests.Haemopoiesis- (Stages and development of RBCs, WBCs and Platelets); Introduction to bone marrow: composition and functions of bone marrow.mechanism of blood clotting, study of platelets. Physiological basis of blood groups. Principles of blood transfusion, plasma proteins- synthesis and functions. Applied physiology: Anaemia, Jaundice.Musculoskeletal Physiology:Physiology of muscles. Classification of muscles. Electrical and mechanical properties of Cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscles.Physiology of immune system. Definition and classification of immunity: Innate, acquired and artificial. Mechanisms involved in humoral and cell mediated immunity.Renal physiology and skin :-Physiology of excretion. Functional anatomy of urinary tract.Structure and functions of haemoglobin, RBC
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor in General Surgery
The Kerala Public Service Commission invites online applications for the post of Assistant Professor in General Surgery in the Medical Education Department.
75m
5s
#kerala-psc#medical#assistant-professor#general-surgery#post-graduate-level
Syllabus Explorer
THORAX, BREAST AND VASCULAR SYSTEM
Sec 1
A V MalformationsAcute limb ischaemiaAdvanced breast carcinomaAneurysms.Aortic aneurysmAortic dissection.Benign breast diseasesBlast injuriesBreast reconstructionBronchopleural fistulaCarcinoma of male breastCardiac tamponadeCardio pulmonary bypass.Chest traumaChronic venous hypertensionCongenital adrenal hyperplasiaCongenital venous anomaliesCritical limb ischaemiaDeep vein thrombosis.Diabetic foot and ischaemic ulcers of leg.Diaphragmatic hernias.Duct ectasia, Paget's disease of breastEarly Breast carcinomaFibroadenoma,Breast abscess,A N D IFlail chestGynaecomastiaInvestigations of a breast lump.Investigations of an arterial occlussive disease.Investigations of venous disordersLocally advanced breast carcinoma[LABC]MammographyManagement of varicose veinsPericardial effusionPhylloid tumours of breastPleural effusionPneumothoraxPrimary lymphedemaPrimary tumours of mediastinum.Prognostic factors of carcinoma breastRetrosternal goitresSarcoma of breastSecondary lymphedemaSkin tumours.Thoracic injuries.Thoracic outlet syndromeThrombo angitis obliteratesVaricose veinsVascular graftsVascular lesions..Haemangiomas, A V malfor-mations.VATS
ABDOMEN AND G I T.
Sec 2
Abdominal tuberculosisAbdominal wall herniasAcute intestinal obstructionAcute mesenteric ischaemiaAcute pancreatitisAdreno cortical carcinomaAnorectal abscessBlunt abdominal traumaCalculous cholecystitisCarcinoma colon.Carcinoma gall bladder / Choledochal cystCarcinoma oesophagusCarcinoma rectum and anal canalChronic calcific pancreatitisEmpyema gall bladderEpigastric and lumbar herniasFAP, Ulcerative colitisFemoral and spigelian hernias.Fissure in anoGall stonesGastrinoma,Gastrc lymphomasGERD,Gastritis, Helicobacter pyloriGISTHaematemesis and MalenaHaemorrhoidsHiatus hernias,Motility disorders of oesophagusInflammatory bowel diseaseInguinal herniaInsulinoma,carcinoma pancreasIntraperitoneal abscessIntussusception.Liver abscess, HepatitisLiver traumaLiver tumoursManagement of intestinal obstructionMesenteric cyst.Neuro endocrine tumours of stomachOesophageal disordersPancreatic pseudocystsPerineal hernias.Peritonitis, Acute appendicitisPhaeochromocytoma.Pilonidal sinus.Retroperitoneal tumoursRetroperitoneal tumours and conditionsSigmoid volvulus / Prolapse rectum.Splenic trauma.Splenomegaly,Hyper splenism, Hemolytic anaemiaTumours of peritoneumVentral hernias
ANATOMY AND BASIC PRINCIPLES.
Sec 3
Anaesthesia and pain reliefAnatomy of Anal canalAnatomy of breast and its lymphatic drainage.Anatomy of Liver and Couinaud liver segmentsAnatomy of stomachAntimicrobial treatment of surgical infectionsBurnsCompartment syndrome.Congenital malformationsCritical care in surgical patientsDay care surgeryDiagnostic imagingDiagnostic molecular pathology.Evidence based surgeryFilariasisFluid and electrolytes managementGas gangrene.Haemorrhage and blood transfusionHazards of imagingHealth care events and patient safetyHydatid disease.Immuno histochemistryLimitations of minimal access surgery.Management of cancerMediators of metabolic response to injuryMetabolic response to injuryMycetoma and typhoid.Necrotising soft tissue infections.Nutritional assessmentParenteral nutritionPatient safety and surgeonPostoperative carePre operative care and high risk surgical patientPrevention of surgical infectionsPrinciples of advanced energy devices.Principles of anastomoses.Principles of diathermy.Principles of microscopic diagnosisShock and its management.Stem cellsSurgical auditSurgical ethics, Informed consentSurgical researchSurgical site infectionsSuture materialsTissue engineering and regeneration.Tuberculosis.Viral infections relavant to surgery.Wound healingWound healing and factors influencing
HEAD AND NECK.
Sec 4
Anaplastic carcinoma and lymphoma thyroidBenign thyroid swellingsBrain stem deathBrain tumours.Branchial cystCarcinoma alveolusCarcinoma cheekCarcinoma floor of mouthCarcinoma LipCarcinoma tongueChemodectomaCleft lip and palateCrush syndrome / TriageDifferentiated thyroid carcinomas.Follicular carcinoma thyroidGlasgow coma scale score.Head trumaHydrocephalusHypoparathyroidismInfections of salivary glandInflammatory conditions of neckIntra cranial infections.Investigations of thyroid swellingsM E N SyndromeMaxillo fascial traumaMedullary carcinoma thyroid.Modified radical neckdissection[MRND]Neck nodes,Lymphoma,Causes of lymphadenitisOral malignant melanoma.Papillary carcinoma thyroidParathyroid carcinoma.Parotid neoplasmsPremalignant conditions of oral cavity.Primary hyper parathyroidismPrimary tumours of neckRecurrent hyperparathyroidismS O N D [Supra omohyoid neck dissection ]Secondary hyper parathyroidism.Secondary toxic goitres.Solitary thyroid noduleSubdural haemorrhage,Extradural haemorrhageSubmandibular salivary gland diseasesTertiary hyper parathyroidismThyroglossal cysts and fistulasThyroid imagingThyroiditis and its managementThyrotoxicosisTracheostomy and other emergency air way measuresVascular neuro surgeryVocal fold palsy
URINARY SYSTEM AND RECENT ADVANCES
Sec 5
B P H [Benign prostatic hyperplasia ]Bariatric and metabolic surgeryBladder traumaCapsule endoscopyCarcinoma penis.Carcinoma prostateCarcinoma urinary bladderDamage control surgery.Ectopic testes,Undescended testesEndoscopic ultrasound[E U S ]Epidydimal cystGrafts and flapsHaematuria „Bladder stonesHydrocele /Orchitis.Hypospadias.ingle incision laparoscopic surgery[SILS]Kidney tumoursLap.hernia surgery TAPLaparoscopic anterior resectionLaparoscopic appendicectomyLaparoscopic cholecystectomyLaparoscopic hemicolectomyLaparoscopic surgery and its tech-niques.Liver transplantationLiver transplantation,Organ donationNeoplasms of urinary bladderNephroblastomaNephrolithiasis and its managementNOTES [Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery ]PET Scan, MR AngiogramPhimosis and paraphimosis.ProstatitisRenal cell carcinomaRenal traumaRenal tuberculosisRobotic surgerySmall bowel transplantationStapler haemorrhoidectomyTARTEPTesticular swellingsThoracoscopyTissue expansion,Reconstructive surgeryTorsion testesTuberculosis of urinary tractUreterocele,Ectopic kidney,Horseshoe kid-neyUrethral injuryUrinary incontinenceVaricocele.Vascularised composite allografting / graft rejection
Medical
100 Marks
Assistant Professor (Endocrinology)
Recruitment by Kerala Public Service Commission (PSC) for the post of Assistant Professor in Endocrinology in the Medical Education Department.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#assistant-professor#endocrinology#medical-education#medical-specialty
Syllabus Explorer
Pituitary
Sec 1
AcromegalyPan hypopitutarismPost partum pituitary diseases
Thyroid
Sec 2
Congenital HypothyroidismHypothyroidismNodular Goitre evaluation and managementThyrotoxicosis
Adrenals
Sec 3
Addison diseaseAdrenal tumourCushing's syndromeImaging of adrenals
BASIC ENDOCRNOLOGY
Sec 4
Anatomy and, physiology of endocrine glandsDynamic investigationsEpidemiology of Endocrine diseases
DSD
Sec 5
Approach to ambiguous genitalia
Growth and Puberty
Sec 6
Assessment of GrowthDelayed PubertyPrecocious Puberty
Diabetes and Metabolism
Sec 7
Classification, diagnosis and investigations in DiabetesMacrovascular complicationsMicrovascular complicationsPrevention of DiabetesTherapeutics in diabetes
Multiple endocrine issues
Sec 8
Genetics in EndocrinologyInterventions in EndocrinologyMultiple endocrine neoplasiaPolyglandular insufficiency syndrome
Metabolic bone diseases
Sec 9
Hyper parathyroidismHypoparathyroidismOsteoporosis
Lipidology
Sec 10
Hyperlipidaemia - assessment and treatment
Medical
100 Marks
Veterinary Surgeon Grade II Animal Husbandry
The Kerala Public Service Commission conducts recruitment for the post of Veterinary Surgeon Grade II in the Animal Husbandry department. Candidates require a degree in Veterinary Science, registration with the Kerala State Veterinary Council, and working knowledge of Malayalam.
75m
10s
#kerala-psc#veterinary-surgeon#animal-husbandry#veterinary-science#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
Livestock Products Technology and Value addition
Sec 1
Abattoir byproducts: rendering, meat, bone, glue, gelatin, fat and byproducts of pharmaceutical valueAgeing of meatAnimal welfare and pre-slaughter care, handling and transport of meat animals including poultryCarcass evaluationCleaning and sanitation in milk plantCollection, chilling, standardization, pasteurization, UHT treatment, homogenization, bactofugationComposition and nutritive value of milk and factors affecting composition of milkConversion of muscle to meatCream separationDairy effluent managementDetection of adulteration of milkDetermination of efficiency of pasteurizationDetermination of meat yield, dressing percentage, meat bone ratio and cut up partsDried, dehydrated and fermented milkEmergency and casualty slaughterEstimation of deteriorative changes in meat and meat productsEstimation of fat, solid not fat (SNF) and total solidsEvaluation, grading and fabrication of dressed carcasses including poultryFood safety standards for milk and milk productsFraudulent substitution of meatFSSA standards on organization and layout of abattoirsGlossary of terms of wool processingGood manufacturing practices and implementation of HACCP in milk plantHACCP concepts in abattoir managementIntroduction to functional milk products and its preparationIntroduction to wool, fur, pelt and specialty fibers with respect to processing industryLaws governing national or international trade in meat and meat productsLayout and management of rural, urban and modern abattoirsLayout of milk processing plant and its managementManagement of effluent emanating from abattoirMicrobiological deterioration of milk and milk productsModern processing technologies of meat and meat productsNutritive value of meatNutritive value, preservation, packaging of egg and egg productsOrganic and genetically modified meat and poultry productsOrganic milk productsPackaging of meat and meat productsPackaging of meat, poultry and shell eggs and their productsPackaging, transportation, storage and distribution of milk and milk productsPhysico-chemical properties of milkPlatform testsPreservation of meat and poultry: drying, salting, curing, smoking, chilling, freezing, canning, irradiation and chemicalsProcedures of Ante-mortem and post mortem examination of meat animalsProspect of meat industry in IndiaRetrospect and prospects of milk industry in IndiaSampling of milkSlaughtering and dressing of meat animals and birdsStructure and composition of muscle (including poultry muscle)
Veterinary Surgery and Radiology and Veterinary Clinical Practices
Sec 2
Abdominal affections: Surgical approach to the abdomen in different animal speciesAffections of eye and their treatment (General anatomical considerations and examination of eye)Affections of guttural pouch, oesophagus and their treatment (General anatomical considerations, Empyema, tympanitis and Mycosis of guttural pouch, Yoke gall, yoke abscess, fistulous withers, poll evil, torticollis)Affections of larynx and Trachea: Tracheal collapse, stenosis, roaring in horses, dorsal entrapment of soft palate in horses and camels, emergency tracheotomyAffections of nose, face, ear, head and horn and their treatment (General anatomical considerations)Affections of teeth and jaws and their treatment (General anatomical considerations, Developmental abnormalities, dental tartar, periodontal disease, overgrown molars, fractures and luxations of jaw)Anaesthetic emergencies and management, Toxicity, antidote and reversal agentsAnticholinergic, sedatives and tranquilizers (Phenothiazine derivatives, Benzodiazepines, Butyrophenones, Narcotic analgesics, Alpha-2 agonists, dosage chart of all the drugs)Applications of rigid and flexible endoscopes in the management of surgical disordersAvian, wild, zoo, exotics and lab animal anaesthesia and capture myopathyBasic surgical affections: Definitions, classification, diagnosis and treatment of abscess, tumour, cyst, hernia, haematoma, necrosis, gangrene, burn and scald, frost bite and surgical affections of muscles, artery and vein, sinus and fistulaBody and limb conformation in relation to lameness in equineBody conformation of the horse in relation to lameness (trunk, fore limb and hind limb)Bovine lameness: Contusion of sole, ulceration of sole, septic laminitis, avulsion of hoof and subluxation of patella, inter digital fibroma, cyst, sand crack, and hoof deformitiesBrachycephalic syndrome, Stenotic nostrils, nasal polyps, empyema of sinuses, fracture and avulsion of horn, horn cancer, aural haematoma, otitisCanine lameness: Intervertebral disc diseases, elbow and hip dysplasia, rupture of cruciate ligament, elbow hygroma etc.; their managementCastration, vasectomy, scrotal ablation in large and small animalsClassification of infection, Introduction to biomaterials and stem cell therapy in wound managementCommon surgical affections of the stomach in dogs and their management (dilation and torsion of stomach, gastric ulcerations, foreign bodies in the stomach, pyloric stenosis etc)Definition, indications, contraindications and types of contrast radiographyDefinitions, classification of surgery, tenets of HalstedDevelopment of anaesthesiology, Terminology, classification and indicationsDiagnostic ultrasonography: Principles, indications, techniques and artifacts of ultrasonographyDifferent contrast materials and their useDissociative anaesthesia: Definition, drugs, clinical application, properties and effect on various body systemsEquine lameness: Shoulder slip (sweeny), bicipital bursitis, omarthritis, capped elbow, radial paralysis, carpitis, bent knee, and knock- knee, Hygroma of knee, open knee, blemished knee, Fracture of carpal bone, fracture of accessory carpal, contraction of digital flexors, Splints, sore shin, wind puffs, sesamoid iris Osstots, ringbone, quittor, side bone, Navicular disease, pyramidal disease, Laminitis, sand crack, seedy toe, fractures of third phalanx, pedal osteitis, and sole penetration, Canker, thrush and corn, Monday morning disease, cording up, myositis of psoas, Mac thrombosis, Crural paralysis, subluxation of sacroiliac joint rupture of round ligament trochantric bursitis, Upward fixation of patella, stringhalt, gonitis, chondromalacia of patella, rupture of tendoachilles, rupture of peroneus tertius, fibrotic myopathy and ossifying myopathy, Thoroughpin, bog spavin, spavin, curb, capped hockFracture: Definitions, classification, fracture healing and complications, The preliminary assessment and management of fractures, Techniques of external immobilization of fractures, Techniques of internal immobilization of fractures, Management of fracture complicationsGeneral anaesthesia: Definitions, methods of induction of anaesthesia, Intravenous anaesthetics (Total intravenous anaesthesia), monitoring of anaesthesiaGeneral considerations of anaesthesia: Factors affecting anaesthesia and selection of anaesthetic technique, factors modifying uptake, distribution and elimination, patient evaluation, categories of patients according to physical status, selection of anaesthetic agent and patient preparationGeneral methods of therapy for lamenessGenital system: Surgical affections of male genital system and their management, prostatic enlargementor hyperplasiaor neoplasm, Phimosis, paraphimosis, preputial prolapse, penile amputationHaemostasis (physical and chemical methods, systemic haemostats, surgical diathermy)Head and Neck: Affections of lips, cleft palate, tongue, cheek, and their treatment (General anatomical considerations, avulsion of lip, cleft lip ranula, neoplasm and traumatic injuries)Inhalation anaesthesia: Advantages of inhalant anaesthetics, types of inhalant anaesthetics their properties and effect on various systems, methods of administration of inhalant anaesthesiaIntegumentary system: Surgical affections of udder, teat and canine mammary neoplasmsIntroduction to Radiology: General terminology of radiology, Radiation hazards and safety measures (Scattered radiation, Biological effects of radiation, Direct and indirect effects, Early and late effects, Radiation protection, General principles of radiation safety, Radiation monitoring devices, Requirement of an ideal radiographic section)Lameness: Its definition classification and diagnosisLocal and regional anaesthesia: Definitions, local anaesthetics, mechanism of action Premedication, properties and use of different preanaesthetics: Uses of premedicationLuxation: Definition, signs, diagnosis, Management of common joint luxations in animalsManagement of surgical shockManual and digital processing of X-ray films, storage and retrieval systemOther surgical affections of abdomen and their management (Perforating wounds and fistulae of abdomen, umbilical hernia, ventral abdominal hernia, inguinal and scrotal hernia, perineal hernia)Ovariohysterectomy and caesarean sectionPain and its management in animalsPatent urachus, ectopic ureterPre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative considerations: History taking, physical examination, clinico-pathological testing, intra-operative and postoperative carePrinciples of fluid therapy in surgical patientsRehabilitation and physiotherapy of orthopaedic patientsSpinal trauma, diagnosis and its managementSterilization and disinfection: Definitions, surgical sterilization, various methods of sterilization (Heat, chemical and radiations etc.), disinfectionsSurgical affections of anus and perineal region and their management (Atresia-ani, anal stenosis, anal sac impaction)Surgical affections of female genital system and their management (Canine transmissible venereal tumour)Surgical affections of large intestine and their management (Caecal dilatation and torsion, rectal prolapse, rectal and perineal tear, recto-vaginal fistula)Surgical affections of small intestines and their management (Intestinal obstruction, intussusception and strangulation (volvulus))Surgical affections of tail and tail dockingSurgical affections of the stomach in large animal and their management (Ruminal impaction, traumatic reticulitis, omasal and abomasal impaction and abomasal displacement)Surgical infection; their prevention and managementSurgical management of equine colicSutures: Definitions, suturing, factors influencing suturing, characteristics of an ideal suture material, types of suture material-absorbable and non-absorbable, surgical knots, various suture patterns-apposition, eversion, inversion and specialTechniques of intestinal anastomosisTechniques of some selected contrast radiography in animals (Barium swallow, Retrograde urography etc)Thorax and Abdomen: Thoracic affections (Surgical approaches, perforated wounds, pyothorax, pneumothorax, pneumocele, Diaphragmatic hernia and traumatic pericarditis in cattle)Treatment of acute and chronic inflammation: Use of anti-inflammatory drugs and proteolytic enzymesUrinary system: Urolithiasis and its managementUrolithiasis in small and large animalsWounds: Definition, classification, examination and diagnosis, general principles for treatment of aseptic, contaminated and septic wounds, healing and factors affecting wound healing, complications of wounds and their remedies
Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education and Livestock Farm Practices
Sec 3
Adoption and diffusion of innovations, stages of adoption, adopter categories, innovation decision process, attributes of innovations, diffusion process, factors affecting adoption and diffusion processesAnimal welfare: Introduction to animal welfare, ethics and rightsBarriers of communicationBasic concepts: communication fidelity, communication gap, time lag in communication, empathy, homophily and heterophily, propaganda, publicity, persuasion and development communicationBasic concepts: wants, goods, wealth, utility, price, value, assets, capital, money, income etc.Basic sociological concepts: society, community and associationCattle and buffalo improvement programmes: Key Village Scheme, Intensive Cattle Development Project, Gosadan and GaushalaCharacteristics and differences among tribal, rural and urban communitiesClassification of farming, types and systems: Peasant farming, cooperative farming, collective farming, contract farming, estate farming, organic farming, capitalistic farming, small-scale farming, large-scale farming, intensive, extensive farming, specialized, diversified, mixed, integrated and dry land farmingCommunication and its functionsConcept of need and its typesConcept of sociology and rural sociology in animal husbandry extensionCulture: definition, elements, change, impact on production systemsCyber extension: problems and prospects in livestock extensionDairy development programmes: concept of cooperation, Rochdale principles of cooperation, objectives of cooperative, Amul pattern of dairy cooperative system and Operation FloodDefinition of entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, enterprise and managerBiochemical aspects of digestive disorders, endocrine functionsClinical evaluation of blood (Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocytic count, erythrocytic sedimentation rate, total leukocytic count and differential leukocytic count) from clinical samplesClinical significance and interpretation of examination of urine samplesClinical significance and interpretation of serum glucose, lipids, proteins, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, ketone bodies, bilirubin and electrolytes from samplesCollection labelling, transportation, and preservation of body fluid samples, writing results and reportDiagnosis of diseases by employing tests like Agar Gel precipitation Test, ELISA etc.Drug sensitivity and rationale for therapyEvaluation of acid-base balance and interpretationExamination of biopsy and morbid material for laboratory diagnosisExamination of skin scrapings, examination of bloodInterpretation of data in relation to specific diseasesIsolation of bacteria from clinical samples, identification of bacteria by Grams staining and culturalor biochemical characteristicsLaboratory evaluation and diagnosis of samples for parasitic diseases (routine faecal examinations- direct smear method, simple sedimentation and floatation methods, quantitative faecal examination, pastural larval counts)Liver, kidney and pancreatic function testsOrientation to a clinical Microbiology laboratory, collection, transport and processing of specimens from clinical cases for diagnosis of important bacterial, fungal and viral diseasesPreparation of microscopic slides from tissue collected for diagnosis and its histopathological interpretationRole of enzymes for detection of tissue or organ affectionDifference between entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, entrepreneur and enterprise, entrepreneur and managerDifferent ongoing central and state government animal husbandry development programmes being run related to sheep, goat, poultry, piggery, fodder production etc.Early extension efforts in IndiaElements of communication: Communicator, message, channel, treatment of message, audience, and audience response (feedback)Evaluation of extension programme, constraints in the adoption of scientific animal husbandry practicesEvolution and relationship between agriculture and animal husbandryExpectations from veterinary professionalsExtension education: Concept, levels, objectives and dimensionsFarming and characteristics of farming in IndiaForms of entrepreneurship: (Sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, cooperative, joint stock company, Private and Public Limited Company)Gender and animal husbandry: definition, difference between gender and sex, role of women in animal husbandry, gender sensitization, importance of gender sensitization in animal husbandry, need for gender analysis, gender budgeting and mainstreamingGroup contact methods: Result demonstration, method demonstration, group meeting, training, field day or farmers' day, study tour etc.History of domestication and their social dimensionsImportance of animal welfare in the contemporary societyIndividual contact methods: Farm and home visit, farmer's call, personal letter, adaptive or mini kit trial, farm clinic etc.Information kiosk, E-learning, CAD, virtual class room, virtual reality, multi-media etc.Introduction to Economics and Livestock Economics: definition and scope (production, consumption, exchange and distribution)Care of pregnant animals, management of parturition, care of neonatal and young stockManagement of broiler, layer farm and hatcheryOverall farm practices of livestock management including cleaning, feeding, watering, grooming, milking, routine health care, record keeping, sanitation, housing, fodder production, preparation of mineral mixture, cost economic of fodder productionMass contact methods: Farm publications (leaflet, folder, pamphlet, booklet, bulletin, farm magazine, newsletter etc.), mass meeting, campaign, exhibition, newspaper, radio, television, mobile short message servicePanchayati Raj SystemPrinciples, philosophy and functions of extension educationProblems and Issues in developmentProgramme planning: principles, objectives and stepsRole of animals in the contemporary societyRole of extension agents in diffusion of livestock innovationsRural development: Concept, significance and importance of rural development programmes for poverty alleviationRural society: characteristics and differences among society, community and cultureSalient features of recent livestock census, livestock insurance scheme, national livestock missionSelection and use of extension teaching methodsStrengths and limitations of ICTs application in livestock sector and farmers capacity buildingTeaching-learning process and steps in extension teachingTechnology: Concept, generation process, application, merits and de-meritsTheories of entrepreneurship: Sociological theory, economic theory, cultural theory, psychological theoryTransfer of technology projects of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC), Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) etc.Types of communication: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, verbal, non-verbal, vertical, horizontal, organizational communication etc.Types of education: Formal, non-formal and informal educationTypes, characteristics and functions of an entrepreneurAmbulatory Clinics shall be operated by small groups of students and faculty of clinical departments through an equipped ambulatory mobile unitDoctor client interactionFamiliarisation with antiseptic dressing techniques and bandagingFamiliarization and practice of first aid proceduresHandling, examination, diagnosis and treatment of sick animals in the field conditions under the supervision of facultyOrientation and understanding the working of Veterinary Clinics including hospital set up, administration and work force managementOrientation to local language or dialect or local terminology of the diseasesPractice of collection, labelling, packaging and storage of laboratory samplesPreliminary clinical examination such as recording of temperature, respiration, pulse, motility of digestive system etc.Preparation and sterilization of surgical packs, instruments, drapes and operation theatersRegistration, filling up registration cards, history taking, handling and restraining of animals
Animal Nutrition and Animal Genetics and Breeding
Sec 4
Application of reproductive and biotechnological tools for genetic improvement of livestock and poultryBases of selection: individual, pedigree, family, sib, progeny and combined, indirect selectionBreeding for disease resistanceBreeding management of dogs and catsBreeding of pet, zoo and wild animals: Classification of dog and cat breedsBreeding strategies for the improvement of dairy cattle and buffaloBreeding strategies for the improvement of sheep, goat, swine and poultryChromosome numbers and types in livestock and poultryClassification and tabulation of dataClassification of breedsClassification of mating systemsCommon pet birds seen in India and their breeding managementCurrent livestock and poultry breeding policies and programmes in the state and countryCytogenetics, Extra-chromosomal inheritanceDevelopment of new breeds or strainsEconomic characters of livestock and poultry and their importanceGene concept, DNA and its replicationGenetic and phenotypic consequences of inbreeding, inbreeding depression, application of inbreedingGenetic and phenotypic consequences of outbreeding, application of outbreeding, heterosisHistory of GeneticsInbreeding coefficient and coefficient of relationshipIntroduction and importance of statistics and biostatisticsIntroduction to molecular techniquesLinkage, crossing over and construction of linkage mapLivestock and Poultry Breeding: History of Animal BreedingMethod of selection, Single and Multi traitMethods of conservation: livestock and poultry conservation programmes in the state and countryMitosis vors MeiosisModified Mendelian inheritanceMolecular genetics, nucleic acids: structure and functionMultiple alleles; lethals; sex-linked, sex limited and sex influenced inheritanceMutation, Chromosomal aberrationsOut breeding and its different formsOverview of Mendelian principlesPedigree sheet, selection of breeds and major breed traitsPleiotropy, Penetrance and expressivityPopulation Genetics: Introduction to population genetics; individual vors populationQuantitative vors qualitative genetics; concept of average effect and breeding valueSelection for combining ability (RS and RRS)Selection, types of selection, response to selection and factors affecting itSex determinationSire evaluationSystems of utilization of heterosisBalanced ration and its characteristicsCalorie protein ratioCommon feeds and fodders, their classification, availability and importance for livestock and poultry productionComposition of animal body and plantsDiet formulation, preparation and feeding of rabbits and laboratory animalsDigestion and metabolism trialDirect and indirect calorimetry, carbon and nitrogen balance studiesFactors affecting digestibility of a feedFeed additives in the rations of livestock and poultry and their usesFeeding experimentsFeeding of ducks, quails, turkeys and laboratory animalsFeeding of equine (foal, yearling, broodmare, stallion and race horses) and poultry (Starter, Growers, Broilers, Layers) with conventional and unconventional feed ingredientsFeeding of high yielding animals and role of bypass nutrientsFeeding of swine (Piglets, Growers, Lactating and pregnant sows, Breeding boar, Fattening animals)Feeding of wild animals and birds in captivityFeeding standards for non-ruminants and poultryFeeding standards, their uses and significance, merit and demerits of various feeding standards with reference to ruminantsFormulation of ration and feeding of sheep and goat during different phases of growth and production (milk, meat and wool)Formulation of rations and feeding of dairy cattle and buffaloes during different phases of growth and production (neonate, young, adult, pregnant, lactating and dry animals; breeding bull) and working animalsFormulation of rations as per Bureau of Indian Standards and Indian Council of Agricultural Research specificationsGeneral principles of computation of rationsHarmful natural constituents and common adulterants of feeds and foddersHistory of animal nutritionImportance of minerals (major and trace elements) and vitamins in health and production, their requirements and supplementation in feedImportance of nutrients in animal production and healthImportance of scientific feedingIntroduction to feed technology: Feed industryMeasurement of digestibilityMeasures of food energy and their applications: gross energy, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy, total digestible nutrients, starch equivalent, food units, physiological fuel valueMetabolic disorders and nutritional interventionMetabolic disorders and nutritional interventionsMethods adopted for arriving at energy and protein requirements for maintenance and production in terms of growth, reproduction and production (egg, meat and work)Norms adopted in conducting digestion trialNutrient requirement and feeding of different categories of dogs and cats; peculiarities of feeding catsNutrient requirements and methods for assessing the energy and protein requirements for maintenance and production in terms of growth, reproduction, milk, meat, wool and draft purposeNutrient requirements in poultry, swine and equine: Energy and protein requirement for maintenance and productionNutrient requirements of mice, rat, rabbit and guinea pigNutritional aspect of carbohydrates, protein and fatsNutritional terms and their definitionsNutritive ratioPreparation, storage and conservation of livestock feed through silage and hay and their uses in livestock feedingProcessing of concentrates and roughagesProtein evaluation of feeds: Measures of protein quality in ruminants and non-ruminants, biological value of protein, protein efficiency ratio, protein equivalent, digestible crude proteinRole and requirement of water, metabolic waterUse of NPN compound for ruminantsVarious physical, chemical and biological methods for improving the nutritive value of inferior quality roughages
Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Sec 5
Definitions, history of toxicology, fundamentals and scope of toxicologyPoisonous plants: Cyanogenetic plants, abrus, ipomoea, datura, nux vomica, castor, oxalate producing plants, plants causing thiamine deficiency, plants causing photosensitization and lathyrism, oleander, and cottonSources and classification of toxicants, factors modifying toxicity, general approaches to diagnosis and treatment of poisoningToxicity caused by Agrochemicals: Insecticides (Chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, newer insecticides), Herbicides, fungicides and rodenticidesToxicity caused by food additives and preservativesToxicity caused by metals and non-metals: Arsenic, lead, mercury, copper, molybdenum, selenium, phosphorus, fluoride, nitratesor nitrites, chlorate, common salt and ureaVenomous bites and stings: Snake, scorpion, spider, bees and wasp, toad and fishes (puffer fish, shellfish)Aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control of metabolic or production and endocrine diseases of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, horse, pig, dog, cat and poultry: Milk fever, eclampsia, osteodystrophy fibrosa, lactation tetany, downer cow syndrome, ketosis, fat cow syndrome, hypomagnesaemia, Nutritional haemoglobinuria, azoturia, diabetes, hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, Addison's disease and GoutAetiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of bacterial, fungal and rickettsial diseases of livestock: mastitis, hemorrhagic septicaemia, brucellosis, tuberculosis, Johne's disease, listeriosis, leptospirosis, campylobacteriosis, actinomycosis, actinobacillosis, bordetellosis, glanders, strangles, ulcerative lymphangitis, colibacillosis, fowl typhoid, pullorum disease, fowl cholera, avian mycoplasmosis, spirochaetosis, salmonellosis, swine erysipelas, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, anthrax, clostridial infections, ehrlichiosis, chlamydosis, Q fever, anaplasmosis, dermatophilosis, aspergillosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, coccidiodomycosis, mycotoxicosis and rhinosporidiosisAetiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of viral and parasitic diseases of diseases of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, horse, pig, dog, cat and poultry: Foot and mouth disease, rinderpest, bovine viral diarrhoea, malignant catarrhal fever, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, ephemeral fever, blue tongue, sheep pox, goat pox, PPR, classical swine fever, rabies, equine influenza, equine infectious anemia, equine rhinopneumonitis, canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, canine parvoviral disease, corona viral infection, adeno virus infection, feline rhinotracheitis, feline pan leucopenia, feline infectious peritonitis, avian influenza, New Castle disease, Marek's disease, avian leucosis, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, avian encaphalomyelitis, chicken reo virus, fowl pox, infectious bursal disease, chicken infectious anemia, inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, emerging and exotic viral diseases of global importanceAlternative or integrated or ethno veterinary medicine in animal disease managementAnimal welfare organizations and its role in animal welfareCattle slaughter and evidence procedure in courtsCollection and despatch of materials for chemical examination, detection of frauds: doping, alternation of description, bishop ing etc.Concepts of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosisDiagnosis and management of diseases caused by deficiency of iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese, selenium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iodine, vitamin A, D, E, B complex, K and CDiseases of neonatesEmergency medicine and critical careEstimates of diseases, patterns of disease, disease monitoring and surveillance, herd health and quarantineEtiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the following diseases of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, horse, pig, dog, cat and poultry: Diseases of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, nervous, musculoskeletal, haemopoietic, and lymphatic systems, skin, sense organs including affections of peritoneum, liver and pancreasExamination of living and dead animals in criminal casesGeneral systemic states: hyperthermia, hypothermia, fever, septicemia, toxemia, shock, allergy, anaphylaxis, oedema, coma, anaemia, common clinical poisonings and dehydrationHistory and scope of Veterinary Medicine, concept of animal diseasesLegal aspects of: Examination of animals for soundness, examination of injuries and post-mortem examinationLegal duties of veterinarians, laws related to medicine, evidence, common offences against animals and laws related to these offencesLivestock importation act, liability and insuranceParasitic diseases: Trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, protozoan infections and external parasites of clinical importancePrevention, control and treatment of infectious, parasitic, nutritional and metabolic diseases in zoo and wild animals including exotic birdsPrinciples of zoo hygiene, public health problems arising from zoosProvincial and Central Acts relating to animalsVeterinary disaster management, human-animal interactions, economics and animal welfare and veterinarians as animal welfare educatorsAdrenoceptors agonists and antagonists, adrenergic neuron blockers, cholinoceptor agonists and antagonistsAdverse drug reactions, drug interactionsAnthelminticsAntifungal agents: Topical and systemic agents including anti-fungal antibioticsAntimicrobial agents: Classification, general principles in antimicrobial chemotherapy, antimicrobial resistance, combined antimicrobial therapyAntiviral and anticancer agentsAutacoids: Histamine, histamine analogues and antihistaminic agents, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and its agonists and antagonists, eicosanoids, platelet activating factors, angiotensin, bradykininClassification of drugs acting on CNSDrugs acting on cardiovascular system: Cardiotonics and cardiac stimulants, antiarrhythmic drugs, vasodilators and antihypertensive agents, haematopoietic drugs, coagulants and anticoagulantsDrugs acting on digestive system: Stomachics, antacids and antiulcers, prokinetics, carminatives, antizymotics, emetics, antiemetics, purgatives, antidiarrhoeals, choleretics and cholagoguesDrugs acting on respiratory system: Expectorants and antitussives, respiratory stimulants, bronchodilators and mucolyticsDrugs acting on skin and mucous membranes: Emollients, demulcents and counter irritantsDrugs acting on somatic nervous system: Local anaesthetics, muscle relaxantsDrugs acting on urogenital system: Diuretics, drugs affecting urinary pH and tubular transport of drugs, ecbolics and tocolyticsEuthanizing agentsHistory, mechanism and stages of general anaesthesiaHypnotics and sedatives; psychotropic drugs, anticonvulsants, opioid analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analeptics and other CNS stimulantsInhalant, intravenous and dissociative anaestheticsIntroduction and historical developments of chemotherapyNeurohumoral transmission, Pharmacology of neurotransmittersPharmacodynamics: Concept of drug and receptor, dose-response relationship, terms related to drug activity and factors modifying the drug effect and dosagePharmacological basis of fluid therapyPharmacological terms and definitions, nomenclature of drugsPharmacotherapeutics of hormonesPrinciples of drug activity: Pharmacokinetics (Routes of drug administration, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs)Rumen pharmacologySources and nature of drugsSulphonamides and their combination with diaminopyrimidines
Livestock Production Management (Livestock and Poultry)
Sec 6
Agronomical Practices for fodder productionAnimal farm accounts and recordsArrangements of the building with special reference to Indian conditionsBasic principles of habitat and housing of various classes of wild zoo animalsBody conformation and identificationBreeding schedule and management of ram and buckBreeding systems and methods of matingBreeds of cattle and buffalo and descriptions of important breedsBreeds of sheep and goat and their descriptionsBrooding management: Types of brooders, preparation of shed, Importance of environmental factorsBuilding materials used for construction of wall, roof and floor of animal houses, their characteristics, merits and demeritsCage managementCare and routine management of equines including grooming, saddling and exerciseCare of stallionClassification of poultry with respect to production characters, age and standardsClean milk productionColors and markingsCommon animal husbandry terms (glossary)Common farm management practices including disinfection, isolation, quarantine and disposal of carcassConcept of production of specific pathogen free and germ free animalDeep litter management: control of litter-borne diseases and recycling of litterDefinition of animal welfare and ethicsDemographic distribution of livestock and role in Indian economyDentition and ageing of horsesDisposal, utilization and recycling of waste etc.Dog show: preparation for show, kennel clubs, important characteristics for judgmentDraught ability of cattle and buffaloesEconomic traits of cattle and buffaloesExport or import of poultry produce and marketingFactors affecting fertility and hatchability, selection and care of hatching eggs and hatchery hygieneFactors affecting quality and quantity of milk productionFeeding habits, feeds and feeding schedules of captive animalsFeeding management: Water managementFeeding of dogs, cats and pet birdsFeeding routine for horse, donkeys and mulesFodder production for small livestock unitsFoot care and shoeing careGeneral considerations on feeding and breeding of laboratory animalsGeneral management and feeding practices during different stages of growth, development and production (milk, meat and wool)General management and feeding practices of calves, heifers, pregnant, lactating and dry animals, bulls and working animalsGeneral principles affecting the design and construction of building for housing for various livestock speciesGeneral principles of poultry medicationHealth care for common poultry diseases: vaccinationHorses, donkeys and mules and their utilityHousing and feeding of swineHousing systems, layout and design of different buildings for animalsHousing: Backyard and semi-intensive units; their management and economic achievementsHuman and animal welfare in relation to ecosystem and environmental factorsHygienic care and Housing for rabbit productionIdentification of breeds of horsesIdentification, care and management of kindling animalsImportance and selection of laboratory animal, care and housing standards of mice, rats, hamster and guinea pigsImportance of grasslands and fodder in livestock productionImportant breeds (exotic and indigenous) & their characteristicsImportant breeds of dogs, cats and pet birdsImportant economic traits for meat, milk and fibreImportant leguminous and non-leguminous fodders in different seasonsIndian poultry industry: Brief outline of the different segments, poultry statisticsIntroduction and scope of swine farming in the countryIntroduction to methods of drug administrationLimitation of rabbit animal productionManagement of ducks, geese, turkeys, Japanese quails, guinea fowls etc.Management of livestock in fringe areas, in and surrounding the breeding areasMating of horses, brood mare and its careMethods of milking and precautionsPrevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 {59 of 1960)Principles of incubation and hatchery management practicesProblems and prospects of livestock industry in IndiaProduction characters of other avian speciesProtection of wild life in nature and captivityRaising of buffalo males for meat productionRecycling of animal washings and wastes in fodders production and use of recycle wasteRestraining, capture, handling, physical examination of captive animalsRole and function of Committee for the Purpose of Controlling and Supervising Experiments in Animals (CPCSEA)Routine animal farm operations and labour managementScarcity fodders and preservation of green fodderScope of rabbit farming in the country, breeds and their distributions in IndiaSelection and breeding techniques in swineSelection and cullingSelection of siteSelection, care and management of breeding stock for commercial purposeSize and space requirement (dimension) of cubicles, enclosures of important wild zoo animalsSoil and Water conservation and drainage of water for fodder productionStable and its managementStress managementStructures for storage of feeds and foddersTransportation of livestock and wild or zoo animalsUtilization of local materialsVertical & horizontal integration in commercial poultry production: Contract farmingVices of horsesWeaning and fattening of lambs and kids
Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry
Sec 7
Areas of auscultation, percussion of heart and lungs and site for Paracentesis ThoracisBlastulationClassification of bones, joints and movements permittedClassification of skeletonsCleavageFertilizationFormation of foetal membranes in mammals and birdsGametogenesisGastrulationGeneral plan of systemic and pulmonary circulationsIntroduction to embryologyLymphatic and venous systemsMorulaParts of central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system and sense organsPlacenta and its classificationSplanchnology, boundaries of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavitiesStructure of heartStudy of bones of fore limb, hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowlStudy of external genital organsStudy of mammary glands in cow and differences in mare, bitch and sowStudy of microscopic structures of digestive, circulatory, urinary, respiratory, nervous, lymphatic, endocrine, male and female genital systems and mammary glands of domestic animalsStudy of peritoneal reflections, organs of digestive, urinary, male and female reproductive systems present in abdomen and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowlStudy of properties and structure of boneTopography of different organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and female reproductive systems of domestic animals and fowlTwinningTypes of eggsTypes of implantationAcclimation, acclimatization: general adaptive syndromeAmmonium mechanismBiochemical tests of renal function: Urine analysisBioenergetics of carbohydrate metabolismCirculatory controls: shock stresses, regional and fetal circulationClimatology: various parameters and their importanceClinical aspects of endocrine reproductive functions, circadian rhythmDisorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetes mellitus, Ketosis, Bovine Ketosis, Pregnancy toxemia, hypoglycaemia in baby pigs, hyperinsulinism in DogsDissociation curves, pressures, recoil tendency, elasticity, surfactants, pleural liquid, complianceDissociation of Acids, pH, Buffer SystemsEar: Physiology of hearing and common hearing impairment, Vestibule apparatusEchocardiographyEffect of different environmental variables like temperature, humidity, light, radiation, altitude on animal performanceElectro Cardio Graph and its significance in Veterinary SciencesEnzymes: Definition and classification, Coenzymes, cofactors and iso-enzymesExchanges of gases in lungs and tissuesEye: functional morphology, nourishment and protection neural pathway, receptors- optics, ocular muscles and movements, photochemistry, Vision defectsFluid, water balance, fluid therapy, dehydration, water concentration mechanismsFoetal and neonatal oxygen transportFunction of sertoli cell, leydig cell, semenFunctional and metabolic organization of mammary glandsFunctional morphology of respiratory apparatusFunctions of nervous system: reflexes, control of posture and movements, autonomic nervous system and visceral controlGenetic and endocrine control of gonadal developmentGlomerulo-tubular balanceHaemodynamics of circulationHaemoglobin: chemical structure, synthesis, physiological functions, derivatives of haemoglobinHaemorrhage /haemostasisHeart: morphological characteristic, systemic excitability conduction and transmission processesHeat balance, heat tolerance, hypothermia, hyperthermia, thermo-regulation in farm animalsHormone cell interaction, sub-cellular mechanisms, metabolism of hormonesHunger, appetite control, developmental aspects of digestionImmunology of gestationIntroduction to BloodKidney: Functional morphology of nephrons, factors determining filtration pressure, determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flowLipid metabolism: Beta oxidation of fatty acids, ketone body formation, biosynthesis of fatty acidsMajor function system: sensory, consciousness, emotion, motor and visceral control and basic functional unit neuron structureMaternal foetal placental participation in pregnancy and parturitionMechanics of breathingMetabolism and fate of R.B.CMethods of study of endocrine systemMethods of studying renal functionsMicturition, uremiaModification of gonadotrophin releaseMorphological characteristic of mono gastric and poly gastric digestive systemMuscle Physiology: basic muscle unit characteristic, electrical phenomenon in muscle cell, muscle action potential, excitation and propagation of impulse characteristicsNeural and chemical regulation of breathing, diffusion, perfusion, hypoxiaOrganization of nervous system: Mechanism of information processing, hierarchical controlOvarian functions, follicular development, dynamics, endocrine and receptor profiles, sexual receptivity, ovarian cycle, post-partum ovarian activity, ovum transport, capacitation, fertilizationPhysiology of olfaction and tastePrehension, rumination, defecation, vomitionPreparturient endocrine statusProperties of blood as a body fluidRe-absorption mechanisms for glucose, protein, amino acids, electrolytesRegulation of secretory function of saliva, stomach, intestine, pancreas, bile secretionReproductive cycles in farm animals: hormones present in the biological fluids during pregnancy and their uses for the diagnosis of pregnancyRole of skin, responses of animals to heat and cold, fever, body temperature and hibernationSpermatogenic cycle and waveStructure of Biological Membranes and Transport across MembranesTemperature regulation in birdsTransport of blood gasesUrine concentration
Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology
Sec 8
Air pollution in animal houses, effect on health and productivityAir pollution: sources and hazardAirborne diseases: Classification, health hazard, prevention and controlAnimal disease forecastingBiodiversity: uses, threats and conservationBiosafety: Importance, classification and biosafety measures for prevention of risk hazardsClassification of zoonoses and approaches to their managementDefinition, history and socio-economic impact of zoonotic diseasesDefinitions, components and aims of epidemiologyDeterminants of diseaseDisaster management and mitigationEcology of diseaseEconomics of animal diseasesEmerging, re-emerging and occupational zoonosesEnvironmental contaminants in food chain: bioaccumulation, biomagnification and persistent organic pollutantsEnvironmental pollution: Sources, nature of pollutants, effects on animal and human healthEpidemiological methods: Descriptive, analytical, experimental, theoretical, serological and molecularEpidemiology, clinical manifestations and management of the following zoonoses: Rabies, Japanese encephalitis, influenza, Kyasanur forest disease, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, Nipah encephalitis, Ebola virus infection, anthrax, brucellosis, tuberculosis, leptospirosis, listeriosis, plague, glanders, Q fever, rickettsiosis, chlamydiosis, taeniasis, cysticercosis, hydatidosis, larva migrans, diphyllobothriasis, trichinellosis, toxoplasmosis, fasciolosis, paragonimiasis, sarcocystosis, cryptosporidiosis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, superficial and systemic mycosis and prion diseasesFactors influencing occurrence of livestock diseases and animal productionFoodborne bacterial zoonoses: salmonellosis, E. coli infection, staphylococcal gastroenteritis, clostridial food poisoning, campylobacteriosis etc.Global warming and greenhouse effect: Definition, greenhouse gases, impact of climate change and international treaties or protocolsManagement of waste from animal industriesMeasures and patterns of disease occurrenceMultisectoral approach for zoonoses prevention and controlNational and international regulations on livestock diseasesNatural resources: types, uses and abusesRole of domestic, wild, pet and laboratory animals and birds in transmission of zoonosesRole of OIE and laws on international trade of animals and animal productsRural and urban pollutionSanitation and disinfection of farm and hospital environment in veterinary public practice for infection controlSoil, marine and thermal pollution: Classification, sources, hazard, prevention and controlSolid and liquid waste management at farms and biomedical waste managementStrategies of disease management: prevention, control and biosecurityStray and fallen animal management and carcass disposalSurvey and surveillance of animal diseases and related parametersTransmission and maintenance of infectionsVector and reservoir controlWater purification methods for community water suppliesWater qualities: Physical, chemical, bacteriological and radiologicalWater: Sources, contamination & their preventionWaterborne diseases: Classification, health hazard, prevention and controlZoonotic pathogens as agents of bioterrorismAims and scope of Veterinary Public HealthAnimal welfare and public health issuesClassification of low risk and high risk material generated in an abattoir and its hygienic disposalDetection of conditions or diseases and judgements during ante mortem and post mortem inspectionElements of meat inspection and meat hygiene practicesExamination of lymph nodesFood borne infections and intoxications associated with foods of animal originFood Safety and Standards Act and RegulationsHazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) systemHygiene in abattoirs and meat plantsHygienic and safe milk production practices including steps for prevention and control of milk contamination, adulterants, antimicrobial residues, agrochemicals, subclinical mastitisorudder infections etc.Importance of ISO 9000 and 14000 series in meat industryInspection of poultry for human consumptionInternational food safety standards: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), World Trade Organization (WTO) agreementsMeat as a source of disease transmissionMicrobial flora of milk and milk productsMilk hygiene in relation to public healthMilk hygiene practices in India and other countriesMilk plant and dairy equipment hygieneOccupational health hazards in abattoir and meat plantsOne Health concept and initiativesPathological conditions associated with the transport of food animalsPrinciples and concepts of food hygiene and safetyQuality control of milk and milk productsRisk analysis, assessment and managementRole of Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and other national agenciesRole of veterinarians in public healthSanitary and phytosanitary measures in relation to foods of animal originSources of contaminationSources of contamination of meat and methods of carcass decontaminationSpeciation of meatToxic residues (pesticides, antibiotics, metals and hormones) in foods and associated health hazardsTypes of biohazardsVeterinary Public Health administration
Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics
Sec 9
Aberrations of oestrus and their clinical management and problems in oestrus detection and oestrus detection aidsApplied clinical anatomy and embryology of female reproductive tractApplied Endocrinology of pregnancyApplied reproductive physiology and endocrinology of oestrous cycleAssisted reproductive techniques: Synchronization of estrus and ovulation and its principle, methodology and implicationsCare and management of pregnant animalsCesarean section in small and large animalsClinical management of specific and non specific causes of abortion, extra uterine pregnancy, dropsy of fetal membranes and fetus, mummification, maceration, cervicovaginal prolapse, uterine torsion and hysteroceleClinical management of specific and non-specific forms of infectious infertilityClinical uses of hormones and drugs in the management of infertilityDelayed puberty: Its causes, clinical approach, treatment and prevention of delayed pubertyDiagnostic procedures in infertility investigationDystocia: Classification, Clinical signs and diagnosisEmbryonic mortality: incidence, causes, diagnosis, treatment and preventionFertilization and aberrations of fertilization: Fertilization failuresFetotomyFollicular Dynamics and its clinical impact on fertility improvementForced extractionHandling of Fetal and maternal dystociaHerd reproductive health management and fertility parameters in individual animals and in herdsHereditary and congenital anomalies of female reproductive tractImplantation, Placentation: Classification, functionsIn vitro fertilizationInitiation and induction of parturitionInjuries incidental to parturitionLactational disordersManagemental causes of infertility: Anoestrus and repeat breeding syndromeMaternal obstetrical paralysisMaternal recognition of pregnancyMultiple ovulation and Embryo transfer technologyObstetrical interventions: MutationOestrous cycle and factors affecting the length of the oestrous cycleOvulation and aberrations of ovulation: Incidence causes, diagnosis treatment and prevention of ovulatory failuresParturition: Signs of approaching parturitionPathological affections of ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina and external genitaliaPostpartum care of the dam and neonate in different species of farm and pet animalsPostpartum hemorrhagePostpartum resumption of ovarian activityPostpartum uterine infectionsPregnancy diagnosis: Duration of pregnancy, Factors affecting gestation lengthPuberty and sexual maturity and their endocrine controlPuerparium and factors affecting puerpariumRetention of fetal membranesRole of nutrition, climate and stress on reproductive efficiencyStages of parturitionSub involution of placental sitesSuperfetation and SuperfecundationSurgical procedures for correction of abnormalities of the female reproductive tractTelegonyTotal uterine prolapse and common metabolic diseases of puerperal periodTransportation and survivability of gametes in female reproductive tractWandering of ovum
Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Pathology
Sec 10
AdjuvantsAntibody: Structure, physiochemical properties and functions of various classes of immunoglobulins, Theories of antibody productionAntigen processing and presentationAntigens, hapten, epitope, Specificity, T dependent and T independent Antigens, heterophile Antigens, cross reacting Antigens, blood group Antigens, Mitogens and factors affecting immunogenicityApplication of molecular and biotechnological techniques: Polymerase chain reaction, Nucleic acid hybridization, DNA library, DNA sequencing and DNA fingerprintingAutoimmunityBacterial genetics (Mutation, Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation), plasmids and antibiotic resistanceBacterial stains and techniquesBasic concepts and scope of Recombinant DNA technologyBioinformatics, Gene banksClassification and nomenclature of bacteriaClassification of VirusesComplement system: activation pathways and biological consequencesConcept of Immunity to Microbes, Vaccines and other biologicalCytokines: general properties, major types and functionEpizootic and enzootic diseases, bacteremia, septicaemia and toxaemia, endotoxins, exotoxins, antitoxins, toxoidsEthics and regulatory issues in Animal BiotechnologyGene cloning, Cloning vectors and expression vectorsGenetic and Non-genetic viral interactionsGrowth and nutritional requirement of aerobic and anaerobic bacteriaGrowth and Reproduction of fungiHistory of ImmunologyHistory of VirologyHybridoma and monoclonal antibodiesHypersensitivity: classification and mechanism of inductionImmunotoleranceIntroduction and history of MicrobiologyIntroduction to virusesIntroduction, classification, general properties of fungiIPRLymphoid organs, tissues and CellsMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) structure, function and gene organizationMicroscopy and MicrometryNormal, opportunistic and saprophytic bacterial floraPathogenicity, virulence, determinants of virulenceSerological reactionsSouthern, Northern and Western blottingStructure and morphology of bacteriaStructure of BCR and TCRStructure of VirusesStudies on General Properties, Antigens, Cultivation, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, Prevention and Control of Viruses and Prions Causing Diseases in Livestock and PoultryStudy of important pathogenic fungi in relation to their isolation, growth, morphological, cultural, biochemical and antigenic characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of fungal diseases caused by specific generaTransformation and transfectionTypes and sources of infection, method of transmission of infectionTypes of ImmunityViral Pathogenesis, Oncogenesis, latency and immunopathologyViral ReplicationVirus-Cell InteractionsAcanthocephala (Macracanthorhynchus)Anaplasma and EhrlichiaArthropods affecting animals and birds: Bugs (Cimex), Biting midges (Culicoides), black flies (Simulium), sandflies (Phlebotomus), mosquitoes (Culex, Anopheles and Aedes)Arthropods: Introduction, general account and classification, general life cycle of arthropods with morphological features of their developmental stagesBlood flukes causing nasal schistosomosis (Schistosoma nasalis), visceral schistosomosis (S. spindale, S. indicum, S. incognitum) and cercarial dermatitisBottle flies (Calliphora, Lucilia, Chrysomya), myiasisBroad fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium) and SpirometraCestode Parasites: Equine tape worms (Anoplocephala, Paranoplocephala) and ruminant tape worms (Moniezia, Avitellina, Stilesia, Thysaniezia)Cestodes: Introduction, general account and classification, general life cycle of cestodes with morphological features of their developmental stages (Metacestodes)Coccidia and coccidiosis of poultry and domestic animalsCyst forming coccidia (Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis and Neospora caninum) and CryptosporidiumDifferentiation from bacteria and rickettsiaDirofilaria, Parafilaria, Onchocerca, Setaria and StephanofilariaDog tape worms (Dipylidium, Taenia, Echinococcus)Entamoeba, Giardia and Balantidium sppGeneral control measures against parasitesGeneral harmful effects of parasites including various tissue reactions caused by parasitesGuinea worm (Dracunculus), Trichinella, Trichuris, CapillariaHabronema, Draschia, Thelazia, Spirocerca, Gongylonema, Physaloptera and GnathostomaHippobosca, Melophagus, PseudolynchiaHistomonas (Black head in turkeys)Horse flies (Tabanus), Haematopota and ChrysopsImmunity against parasitic infections or infestations: natural and acquired immunity, premunity, sterile immunity, autoimmunity, passive immunity, concomitant immunity and immune evasion by parasitesImportant morphological features, life cycles, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and general control measures (including chemo- and immuno-prophylaxis) of protozoan parasites of veterinary and zoonotic importanceInternational Code of Zoological NomenclatureKidney worms (Stephanurus and Dioctophyma), hook worms (Ancylostoma and Bunostomum)Lice (Haematopinus, Linognathus, Trichodectes)Lung worms (Dictyocaulus, Muellerius, Protostrongylus and Metastrongylus)Malarial parasites of animals and poultry (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon)Modes of transmission of parasites and methods of dissemination of the infective stages of the parasitesMusca, Stomoxys, Haematobia and SarcophagaNematode Parasites: Ascaris, Parascaris, Toxocara, Toxascaris, Ascaridia, Heterakis and OxyurisNematodes: Introduction, general account and classification, general life cycle of nematodes with morphological features of their developmental stagesParagonimus, Prosthogonimus and EchinostomesParamphistomes (Paramphistomum, Cotylophoron, Calicophoron, Gigantocotyle, Gastrothylax, Fischoederius, Carmyerius, Gastrodiscus, Gastrodiscoides and Pseudodiscus)Piroplasms (Babesia, Theileria) and HepatozoonPoultry tape worms (Davainea, Cotugnia, Raillietina, Amoebotaenia, Choanotaenia and Hymenolepis)Protozoa: Introduction, general account and classification, general life cycle of protozoa with morphological features of their developmental stagesProtozoan Parasites: Leishmania (Visceral and cutaneous leishmanosis), Trypanosoma (T. evansi, T. theileri, T. equiperdum)Resistance to antiprotozoalsStrongyloides, Strongylus, Chabertia, Syngamus and OesophagostomumStudy of anthelmintic resistance and its typesTrematode Parasites: Liver flukes (Fasciola, Dicrocoelium and Opisthorchis), intestinal flukes (Fasciolopsis)Trematodes: Introduction, general account and classification, general life cycle of trematodes with morphological features of their developmental stagesTrichomonas (Bovine and avian trichomonosis)Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Cooperia, Nematodirus, Haemonchus and MecistocirrusTypes of animal associations (symbiosis, phoresy, commensalism, parasitism, mutualism and predatorism)Types of hosts (definitive, intermediate, reservoir, paratenic, natural, unnatural, etc.) and vectorsTypes of parasites (ecto, endo, hyper, obligatory, facultative, stenoxenous, euryxenous, monoxenous, heteroxenous, histozoic, coelozoic, temporary, permanent, pseudo, aberrant, incidental, opportunistic, zoonotic, protelean etc.)Warbles (Hypoderma), stomach bots (Gasterophilus, Cobboldia), nasal bots (Oestrus ovis, Cephalopina)Animal Oncology: Definitions, general characteristics and classification of neoplasms, Differences between benign and malignant tumours, aetiology, carcinogenesis and spread of neoplasms, tumour immunity, effects and diagnosis of tumours, staging and grading of neoplasmsAvian Inflammation, Viral Diseases: Pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of Ranikhet disease, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, fowl pox, avian influenza, Marek's disease, leukosisorsarcoma group of diseases, reticuloendotheliosis, avian encephalomyelitis, inclusion body hepatitis, hydro-pericardium syndrome, chicken infectious anaemia, avian nephritis, egg drop syndrome, reovirus infectionsBacterial Diseases: Pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of colibacillosis, infectious coryza, clostridial diseases, salmonella infections, fowl cholera, tuberculosis and spirochaetosis, Mycoplasma infections, chlamydiosisBlood tests interpretation: Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, erythrocytic indices, erythrocytic sedimentation rate, total leukocyte count, absolute count of different leucocytes, blood smear examination and its interpretationDisturbances in growth (Aplasia, hypoplasia, atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia)Glycogen overload, amyloidosis and fatty changesGross and microscopic pathology (in brief) of helminthic diseases (flukes, cestodes, nematodes), protozoal diseases (coccidiosis, histomoniasis), ectoparasitesGross and microscopic pathology in (brief) of toxicitiesGross and microscopic pathology of important diseases of wild animalsGross and microscopic pathology of nutritional imbalances due to carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitaminsHaemodynamic disorders (hyperaemia, congestion, haemorrhage, oedema, thrombosis, embolism and infarction)Immunopathology in brief (immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity)Inflammation: Definitions, classification, various cell types and their functions, mediators, cardinal signs and systemic effectsMajor exogenous and endogenous pigmentsMajor intrinsic and extrinsic causes of diseaseMetastatic and dystrophic calcificationMiscellaneous diseases (Heat stroke, vent gleet, internal layer, false layer, pendulous crop, breast blister, ascites syndrome, fatty liver and kidney syndrome, cage layer fatigue, gout, hemorrhagic syndrome, round heart disease, impaction of oviduct, egg bound condition, bumble foot) and common vicesNecropsy: Introduction, objectives, pre-necropsy guidelines, procedure for post mortem examination of various species of animals including wild animals, post mortem changes, collection, preservation and dispatch of specimens (morbid materials) for laboratory examination, writing of post mortem report, veterolegal necropsy, veterolegal woundsPathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of aspergillosis, thrush, favus, aflatoxicosis, ochratoxicosis and trichothecosisPathological changes affecting Digestive, Respiratory, Musculoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Haematopoietic, Lymphoid, Urinary, Reproductive, Nervous, Endocrine systems, Skin and Appendages, Ear and EyePathology of important diseases of rabbitsPathology of important diseases of rats, mice, and guinea pigsPathology of various types of tumours in domestic animals (epithelial, connective tissue, hematopoietic tissue etc.)Pathology of viral infections, prion diseases, bacterial infections, gross and microscopic pathology of mycoplasma infection, gross and microscopic pathology of superficial and deep mycoses, gross and microscopic pathology of fasciolosis, babesiosis, theileriosis and trypanosomosis, changes of nutritional imbalancesPhotosensitizationReversible and irreversible cell injury: degenerations, necrosis and its types, apoptosis, differences between post-mortem autolysis and necrosis, gangrene and its typesStudy of biopsy and cytology including exfoliative cytology as rapid diagnostic techniquesUrinalysis: Interpretation of physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urineVeterinary Clinical Pathology: Introduction, HaematologyWound healing by primary and secondary intention including growth factors
Medical
100 Marks
Junior Health Inspector Grade II
The Kerala Public Service Commission (PSC) conducts recruitment for Junior Health Inspector Grade II posts in Kerala Health Services. The selection process typically involves a written/OMR/online test. The syllabus covers topics including General Knowledge, Current Affairs, Renaissance in Kerala, Higher Secondary level Physical Science and Natural Science, and subjects from the Diploma in Health Inspector Course.
90m
0s
#kerala-psc#health-inspector#health-services#diploma-level#medical-education
Syllabus Explorer
Medical
100 Marks
Dialysis Technician GRII
The Dialysis Technician Gr.II position is a permanent government job recruitment under the Health Services Department of the Government of Kerala, managed by the Kerala Public Service Commission. This role requires candidates to perform various techniques of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
90m
10s
#kerala-psc#health-services#dialysis-technology#medical#diploma-level
Syllabus Explorer
HEMODIALYSIS PRESCRIPTION, REUSE, ANTICOAGULATION
Sec 1
ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS PRESCRIPTIONANTICOAGULATION IN HDDIALYSER REUSE AND DISPOSALDYSINFECTION AND STERILE PRECAUTIONS
BASIC NEPHROLOGY
Sec 2
ACUTE RENAL FAILUREBASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF KIDNEYHISTORY OF DIALYSIS
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS (ALL EXCEPT COMPLICATIONS)
Sec 3
ADEQUACY OF CAPDAPPARATUSPERITONEAL ACCESS DEVICESPHYSIOLOGYTYPES OF CAPD
CLINICAL PROBLEM AREAS IN DIALYSIS
Sec 4
ADEQUACY OF HEMODIALYSISBONE DISEASES IN CKDCHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASEDIALYSIS IN CHILDREN / DIALYSIS IN PREGNANCYHYPERTENSION ,DIABETES MELLITUSINFECTIONS AND INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES IN CKDNUTRITIONRENAL FUNCTION TESTS
CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Sec 5
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESCOMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRRTCOMPLICATIONSEQUIPEMTSINDICATIONS,TYPES OF CRRTPRESCRIPTION
ACCESS FOR HEMODIALYSIS -TYPES, COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
Sec 6
ARTERIOVENOUS ACCESSVENOUS CATHETER ACCESS
HEMODIALYSIS APPARATUS
Sec 7
DIALYSERSMACHINES AND BLOOD CIRCUIT
RECENT ADVANCES IN HEMODIALYSIS AND BLOOD BASED THERAPIES OTHER THAN HD & CRRT
Sec 8
FREQUENT HEMODIALYSISHEMODIAFILTRATION AND HEMOFILTRATIONHEMOPERFUSIONHIGH FLUX AND HIGH EFFICIENCY DIALYSISPLASMAPHERESISSORBENT DIALYSIS
COMPLICATIONS OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Sec 9
MECHANICAL COMPLICATIONSMETABOLOIC COMPLICATIONSPERITONITIS AND EXIT SITE INFECTION
MODULE 1
Sec 10
PHYSIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES OF DIALYSIS AND UREA KINETIC MODELLINGPRODUCT WATER & HEMODIALYSIS SOLUTION
Medical
100 Marks
Dental Assistant Surgeon
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducts recruitment for the position of Dental Assistant Surgeon in the Health Services Department.
90m
2s
#kerala-psc#dental#medical#health-services#degree-level
Syllabus Explorer
Part I
Sec 1
BiochemistryGeneral Human AnatomyGeneral Human PhysiologyGeneral PathologyGeneral PharmacologyMicrobiology
Part II
Sec 2
Community DentistryConservative Dentistry & EndodonticsOral Anatomy & HistologyOral Medicine & RadiologyOral Pathology & MicrobiologyOral Surgery & AnaesthesiaOrthodonticsPedodonticsPeriodonticsProsthodontics including Dental Materials
Medical
100 Marks
Ayurveda Therapist
Applications are invited by the Kerala Public Service Commission for the selection of qualified candidates to the post of Ayurveda Therapist in Kerala Government Service, specifically in departments like Ayurveda Medical Education or Indian Systems of Medicine.
90m
8s
#kerala-psc#ayurveda#therapist#indian-systems-of-medicine#health-services
Syllabus Explorer
Panchakarma Vidhikal
Sec 1
Abhyanga/ Samvahana/ Padaghatha/ Pichu/ Moordhataila prayogaAchapana/Vicharana/ Sadya snehaNasya/ Vamana/ VirechanaRakthamokshaSnehavasthi/ kashayavasthi/ matravasthi/ UtharavasthiTapa/ upanaha/ ooshma/ drava sweda/ 13 types of sweda/ Anagneya sedaUdgharshana/ Udwarthana
Adisthana Sidhanta of Ayurveda
Sec 2
Ashtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 1 -AyushkameeyamAshtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 11 -Doshadi VijnaneeyamAshtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 12 - Dosha bhedeeyamAshtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 13 - DoshopakramaneeyamAshtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 2- DinacharyaAshtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 4 -RoganulpadeeyamAyurveda Ithihas (history)/ Bharateeya Darsana
General Topics
Sec 3
Basic principles of Yoga therapy/ PhysiotherapySoft skill development/ Interpersonal relationship/ Communication Skill
Dravya Vijnana
Sec 4
Classification of Dravya/ Rasa/ Guna/ Veerya/ Vipaka/ Prabhava/ KarmaDrugs used for Panchakarma procedures/ Oushadha vyavastha/ Oushadha Prayoga
Kriya Sareeram - Physiology
Sec 5
Digestion / Ahara Pachana/ Agni/ Dosha/ Dhatu/ Upadhatu/ Ojus/ Endocrine glands and secretions/ Function of heart and circulation/ Blood pressure/ Pureesha mootra and Sweda pravruthi
Rachana Sareeram - Anatomy
Sec 6
Garbha/ Garbha vikasa kramaKala/ Pesi/ Asthi/ Types and classification of bonesKoshtanga/ Dhamani/ Sira/ Srotas/ Lasika/ Hridaya/ Phusphusa/ Vrikka/ Mootrasaya/ Malasaya/ Marma/ Brain and Spinal cord/ Peripheral nerves/ Jnanendriya & KarmendriyaPectoral Girdle/ Pelvic girdle/ Bones of hands and legs/ joints/ bones in earSkull/ Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar vertebrae/ Scapula/ Ribs
Oushadha Kalpana parichaya
Sec 7
Kwatha kalpana/ Thoyapakavidhi/ Choorna Kalpana/ Gulika kalpana/Yoosha/ Yavagu/ Peya/ Vilepi/ Tharpana/ Mamsarasa/ Panaka/ Modaka/ Varthi/ Ksheerapaka/ Dhanyamla/ Vasthi kalpana/ Tharppana and PutapakaMarga/ Oushadha Kala/ Mana Paribhasha (Old and New), Understanding of medical Prescription
Keraleeya Visesha chikitsa
Sec 8
Shashtikapindasweda(Njavarakizhi)/ Patrapotalasweda/ Choornapinda Sweda/ Jambeerapinda sweda/ Dhanyakizhi/ Manal kizhi/ Muttakizhi/ AnnalepamThalam/ Thalapothichil/ Takradhara/ Ksheeradhara/ Dhanyamladhara/ Pizhichil/ KsheeradhoomaUrovasthi/ Januvasthi/ Kateevasthi/ Greevavasthi
Medical
100 Marks
Junior Public Health Nurse Gr.II ||| Auxiliary Nurse Midwife Gr.II
The Kerala Public Service Commission (Kerala PSC) conducts recruitment for the posts of Junior Public Health Nurse Grade II and Auxiliary Nurse Midwife Grade II in the Health Services Department. Candidates typically need to have passed SSLC and possess an ANM certificate.
90m
6s
#kerala-psc#nursing#public-health#midwifery#health-services
Syllabus Explorer
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE-(PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND RESTORATION OF HEALTH)
Sec 1
Collection of specimenConcept of diseaseDisinfection and sterilizationImmunity and body defense mechanisamsImmunizationInfectionWaste disposalCare in Communicable diseaseCommunicable DiseaseEpidemic ManagementIntroduction to communicable diseaseAches and painsCardiovascular problemCare in sick in the communityDigestive problemsDisease of the nervous systemDiseases of muscular skeletal systemFeverMetabolic DiseasesRespiratory problemsUrinary problemsCare of handicapAdministration of drugsCommon emergency drugsDrugs used in minor ailmentsTypes of drugsFracturesLife Threatening conditionsMinor Injuries and ailmentsNeed for First Aid
HEALTH PROMOTION
Sec 2
Essential nutrientsNutritional assessmentNutritional problemsPromotion of NutritionHygiene of the bodyOptical functioning of the bodyThe Human bodyCommunity participationDisposal of Excreta and wasteEnvironmental SanitationSafe waterMaladjustmentMental HealthMental illinessOld age care
MIDWIFERY
Sec 3
Abnormal childhoodAbnormal PuerperiumAbnormalities of pregnancyAbortionAntenatal CareCare during normal labourCare of new bornFamily welfareFemale Pelvis and foetal skullFoetus and placentaHigh risk new BornHigh risk pregnanciesHIV/AIDSHuman Reproductive SystemInfertilityLife cycle approachNormal labourNormal pregnancyNormal puerperiumPopulation EducationRTIs and STIsSafe mother-hoodStatus of women and empowermentSurgical InterventionWomen's health problems
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
Sec 4
Care of adolescent girlsCare of adolescentsCare of School childrenCare of the sick childChildren's RightsGrowth and developmentNutrition of infants and children
HEALTH CENTRE MENAGEMENT
Sec 5
Co-ordinationImplementation of national health programMaintenance of stocksThe sub centreUpdate knowledge
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Sec 6
Communication methods & mediaCommunity based rehabilitationCommunity Health practiceCommunity need assessmentConcept of healthCounselingDynamics of CommunityHealth organisationHealth problems and policiesRole of health teamStructure of Community